📚 A-Level Edexcel Chemistry: pH Calculations – Key Concepts and Exam Tips | A-Level Edexcel 化学：pH计算 考点精讲
pH calculations are a cornerstone of A-Level Edexcel Chemistry, appearing in both Paper 1 and Paper 2. Understanding how to calculate the pH of strong and weak acids, strong and weak bases, and buffer solutions is essential for tackling quantitative problems. This guide covers all key concepts, formulas, and exam tips, helping you master pH calculations with confidence. From the definition of pH to complex buffer calculations and pH curves, you’ll find everything you need.
pH计算是A-Level Edexcel化学的基石，在试卷一和试卷二中均有出现。掌握强酸、弱酸、强碱、弱碱以及缓冲溶液pH的计算方法，对于解决定量问题至关重要。本指南涵盖所有核心概念、公式和考试技巧，助你自信掌握pH计算。从pH的定义到复杂的缓冲溶液计算和pH滴定曲线，你所需的一切这里都有。
1. The pH Scale and Definition | pH标度与定义
The pH scale is a logarithmic measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions, [H⁺], in an aqueous solution. It is defined as:
pH = –log₁₀[H⁺]
The negative logarithm means that a decrease of 1 pH unit corresponds to a tenfold increase in [H⁺]. Pure water at 25 °C has [H⁺] = 1.0 × 10⁻⁷ mol dm⁻³, giving a neutral pH of 7. Solutions with pH
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