GCSE CCEA Physics: Final Revision Checklist | GCSE CCEA 物理：期末复习提纲

📚 GCSE CCEA Physics: Final Revision Checklist | GCSE CCEA 物理：期末复习提纲

This article provides a comprehensive checklist of the key concepts, equations, and definitions you need to master for the GCSE CCEA Physics examination. Use it to guide your final revision, identify any weak areas, and test your recall of the core material.

本文提供了一份全面的复习提纲，涵盖了 GCSE CCEA 物理考试必须掌握的核心概念、公式和定义。用它来指导你的期末复习，找出薄弱环节，并检验你对核心内容的记忆。

1. Motion and Kinematics | 运动与运动学

Distance is a scalar quantity; displacement is a vector specifying the straight‑line distance and direction from start to finish.

路程是标量；位移是矢量，表示从起点到终点的直线距离和方向。

Speed is the rate of change of distance, while velocity is the rate of change of displacement.

速率是路程的变化率，而速度是位移的变化率。

The average speed can be calculated using the equation:

平均速率可用以下公式计算：

average speed = total distance ÷ total time

Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.

加速度是速度的变化率。

a = (v – u) ÷ t

Where v is final velocity, u is initial velocity, and t is the time taken.

其中 v 是末速度，u 是初速度，t 是所用时间。

Motion graphs: a distance–time graph shows speed as the gradient; a straight line indicates constant speed. A velocity–time graph shows acceleration as the gradient and the area under the graph gives displacement.

运动图像：距离-时间图的斜率表示速度；直线表示匀速。速度-时间图的斜率表示加速度，图线下的面积表示位移。

For uniform acceleration, you can use the standard equations of motion, such as:

对于匀加速运动，可以使用标准运动方程，例如：

v = u + at

s = ut + ½ at²

v² = u² + 2as

The gradient of a velocity–time graph at any point gives the instantaneous acceleration.

速度-时间图在任意点的斜率给出瞬时加速度。

2. Forces and Newton’s Laws | 力与牛顿定律

A force is a push or a pull, measured in newtons (N). It can change an object’s speed, direction, or shape.

力是推或拉，以牛顿（N）为单位。力可以改变物体的速度、方向或形状。

Newton’s First Law states that an object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by a resultant force.

牛顿第一定律指出，除非受到合外力作用，否则物体将保持静止或匀速直线运动状态。

Newton’s Second Law links force, mass, and acceleration:

牛顿第二定律联系了力、质量和加速度：

F = m × a

For every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force – this is Newton’s Third Law.

每一个作用力都有一个大小相等、方向相反的反作用力——这就是牛顿第三定律。

Weight is the gravitational force acting on an object: W = m × g, where g is the gravitational field strength (≈ 10 N/kg on Earth).

重力是作用在物体上的引力：W = m × g，其中 g 是引力场强度

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