IGCSE AQA Biology: Mind Map Quick Revision | IGCSE AQA 生物：思维导图速记

📚 IGCSE AQA Biology: Mind Map Quick Revision | IGCSE AQA 生物：思维导图速记

This mind map quick revision guide breaks down the IGCSE AQA Biology syllabus into key interconnected topics. Use it to visualise links and rapidly recall essential knowledge for your exams.

本思维导图速记指南将 IGCSE AQA 生物大纲分解为相互关联的关键主题。用它来可视化联系，快速回忆考试所需的核心知识。

1. Cell Structure and Specialisation | 细胞结构与特化

All living organisms are made of cells. Both animal and plant cells contain a nucleus (controls activities), cytoplasm (site of metabolic reactions), cell membrane (controls entry/exit), mitochondria (aerobic respiration), and ribosomes (protein synthesis).

所有生物都由细胞构成。动植物细胞均含有细胞核（控制活动）、细胞质（代谢反应场所）、细胞膜（控制进出）、线粒体（有氧呼吸）和核糖体（蛋白质合成）。

Plant cells have three additional structures: a rigid cellulose cell wall for support, a large permanent vacuole containing cell sap, and chloroplasts which absorb light for photosynthesis.

植物细胞还有三个额外结构：坚硬的纤维素细胞壁起支持作用，含有细胞液的大永久液泡，以及吸收光能进行光合作用的叶绿体。

Cells can differentiate to become specialised. For example, root hair cells have long extensions to increase surface area for water absorption; nerve cells are elongated to transmit electrical impulses over long distances; sperm cells have a tail for movement and many mitochondria for energy.

细胞可以分化从而变得特化。例如，根毛细胞具有长突起以增加吸收水分的表面积；神经细胞细长以远距离传递电脉冲；精子细胞有尾部用于运动，并含有许多线粒体提供能量。

2. Biological Molecules and Food Tests | 生物分子与食物检测

Carbohydrates (starch and sugars), proteins, and lipids are essential macrom

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