Polymers Revision for IGCSE CCEA Chemistry | IGCSE CCEA 化学：聚合物 考点精讲

📚 Polymers Revision for IGCSE CCEA Chemistry | IGCSE CCEA 化学：聚合物 考点精讲

Polymers are an essential topic in IGCSE CCEA Chemistry, covering macromolecules, polymerisation types, and real-world applications. This article breaks down the key concepts, equations, and examples you need for the exam.

聚合物是 IGCSE CCEA 化学中的一个重要主题，涵盖大分子、聚合类型及实际应用。本文分解了你需要掌握的关键概念、方程和例子。

1. What are Polymers? | 什么是聚合物？

A polymer is a giant molecule made from many repeating units called monomers. ‘Poly’ means many and ‘mer’ means part. The monomers are linked together by covalent bonds to form long chains.

聚合物是由许多称为单体的重复单元组成的巨大分子。“Poly”意为许多，“mer”意为部分。单体通过共价键连接形成长链。

Polymers can be natural (such as proteins, starch, and cellulose) or synthetic (man-made) like polythene and nylon.

聚合物可以是天然的（如蛋白质、淀粉和纤维素）或合成的（人造的）如聚乙烯和尼龙。

The properties of a polymer depend on the monomer used, the chain length, and the degree of branching or cross-linking.

聚合物的性质取决于所用单体、链长以及支化或交联的程度。

2. Addition Polymerisation | 加成聚合

Addition polymerisation involves unsaturated monomers (containing a carbon-carbon double bond, C=C) joining together without the loss of any atoms or small molecules. The double bond opens up, and the monomers add to each other to form a saturated backbone.

加成聚合涉及不饱和单体（含有碳碳双键 C=C）连接在一起，不丢失任何原子或小分子。双键打开，单体相互添加形成饱和主链。

General equation: n A=A → (-A-A-)ₙ, where A represents a substituted ethene molecule. The product is a long-chain polymer, and the repeating unit has the same atoms as the monomer.

通式：n A=A → (-A-A-)ₙ，其中 A 代表取代的乙烯分子。产物为长链聚合物，重复单元的原子组成与单体相同。

High pressure and a catalyst (e.g., Ziegler–Natta catalyst or organic peroxide initiator) are often required for industrial addition polymerisation.

工业上的加成聚合通常需要高压和催化剂（例如齐格勒-纳塔催化剂或有机过氧化物引发剂）。

3. Examples of Addition Polymers | 加成聚合物的例子

The table below summarises common addition polymers, their monomers and

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