Parent’s Guide to Year 7 AQA Chinese | 七年级 AQA 中文家长辅导指南

📚 Parent’s Guide to Year 7 AQA Chinese | 七年级 AQA 中文家长辅导指南

Starting secondary school is an exciting milestone, and for many students in the UK, Year 7 marks the beginning of formal Mandarin Chinese study under the AQA framework. This guide is designed to help parents understand what their child will be learning, why it matters, and how they can offer effective support at home. Even if you do not speak Chinese yourself, your encouragement and practical involvement can make a huge difference in building your child’s confidence and progress. From mastering pinyin to exploring Chinese culture, the journey ahead is both challenging and deeply rewarding.

进入中学是一个令人兴奋的里程碑，对许多英国学生来说，七年级意味着在 AQA 体系下正式开始学习汉语普通话。本指南旨在帮助家长了解孩子将要学习的内容、学习意义，以及如何在家中提供有效的支持。即使您自己不会说中文，您的鼓励与实际参与也能极大地增强孩子的信心并促进他们的进步。从掌握拼音到探索中国文化，未来的旅程既充满挑战，也将带来丰厚的回报。

1. Understanding the AQA Chinese Curriculum for Year 7 | 理解七年级 AQA 中文课程

The AQA Chinese curriculum at Year 7 level typically serves as a foundation for the GCSE Chinese course, introducing students to the language in a structured and engaging way. Your child will develop skills in listening, speaking, reading, and writing, with a strong emphasis on building up core vocabulary and recognising basic characters. The course is designed to be accessible to beginners, gradually moving from pinyin (the Romanised script) to the introduction of Chinese characters. Cultural topics, such as festivals, food, and daily life in China, are woven into the lessons to bring the language alive.

七年级的 AQA 中文课程通常为 GCSE 中文打下基础，以结构化和有趣的方式向学生介绍这门语言。您的孩子将培养听、说、读、写四项技能，特别注重核心词汇的积累和基础汉字的识读。该课程适合零起点的学生，会从拼音（罗马字母注音）逐步过渡到汉字的学习。课程中融入了节日、美食和中国日常生活等文化话题，让语言学习变得生动有趣。

Most schools follow a textbook or digital resource aligned with AQA specifications, and homework may include character writing, recording speaking tasks, or short reading comprehension. As a parent, familiarising yourself with the course outline and expectations early on helps you track your child’s learning journey. Keep an eye on vocabulary lists and assessment dates provided by the school, and don’t hesitate to ask the teacher about the key topics each term.

大多数学校会使用与 AQA 规范一致的教材或数字资源，家庭作业可能包括汉字书写、口语录音或简短的阅读理解。作为家长，尽早熟悉课程大纲和预期要求有助于您跟进孩子的学习进度。留意学校提供的词汇表和评估日期，并随时向老师询问每个学期的重点话题。

2. Building Foundation in Pinyin and Tones | 打好拼音与声调基础

Pinyin is the official Romanisation system for Mandarin Chinese, and in Year 7 it becomes your child’s first tool for pronunciation. The system uses the English alphabet to represent sounds, but be aware that many letters are pronounced differently from English. For example, ‘c’ sounds like ‘ts’ in ‘cats’, and ‘q’ is similar to a light ‘ch’ sound with the tongue forward. Alongside the letters, the four tones (plus the neutral tone) are crucial, because the same syllable can have completely different meanings depending on its pitch contour.

拼音是汉语普通话的官方罗马化系统，在七年级它成为孩子学习发音的第一个工具。该系统用英文字母表示读音，但要注意很多字母的发音与英语不同。例如，“c”发音像“cats”中的“ts”，“q”类似于舌头前伸发出的轻“ch”音。除了字母本身，四个声调（加上轻声）至关重要，因为同一个音节在不同声调下意义可能截然不同。

Encourage your child to practise tones daily, even for just five minutes. One effective method is tone-pair drilling: combining a first tone with a second tone (‘mā má’), or a third tone with a fourth tone (‘wǒ yào’). Online tools and apps often include tone recognition games that make the practice feel less like a chore. If your child struggles, remind them that it is completely normal – tone acquisition takes time, and even advanced learners continue to refine their tones.

鼓励孩子每天练习声调，哪怕只有五分钟。一个有效的方法是声调组合练习：将第一声与第二声搭配（如“mā má”），或者第三声与第四声搭配（如“wǒ yào”）。在线工具和应用程序通常包含声调辨识游戏，使练习不那么枯燥。如果孩子遇到困难，请提醒他们这完全正常——声调的掌握需要时间，即使高水平学习者也会不断打磨自己的发音。

When listening to your child read pinyin, focus on accurate tones rather than perfect native-like accent. You could even learn the tone marks together: the macron (ā) for flat high tone, the acute (á) for rising, the caron (ǎ) for falling-rising, and the grave (à) for falling. Turning it into a family challenge can reduce pressure and spark genuine interest.

当听孩子读拼音时，请关注声调的准确性而非追求完美地道的口音。您甚至可以和孩子一起学习声调符号：平直高调用长音符号（ā），上扬调用锐音符（á），降升调用抑扬符（ǎ），下降调用重音符（à）。把它变成家庭小挑战可以减轻压力，并激发真正的兴趣。

3. Mastering Chinese Characters | 掌握汉字书写

Characters are often seen as the most daunting part of learning Chinese, yet they are also the most fascinating. In Year 7, students typically start with around 50–80 high-frequency characters, learning to recognise and write them in the correct stroke order. A character is not a random drawing; it is built from a set of basic strokes and often includes a radical that hints at meaning, and a phonetic component that suggests pronunciation.

汉字常被视为学习中文中最令人畏惧的部分，但它们也是最迷人的。在七年级，学生通常会从大约50到80个高频汉字开始，学习以正确的笔顺辨认和书写它们。汉字不是随意的图画，而是由一套基本笔画构成，且通常包含一个提示字义的部首，以及一个暗示读音的声旁。

One of the best ways parents can help is by encouraging regular, short writing sessions rather than long, exhausting ones. Using grid paper (tianzige) helps with character proportion, and tracing sheets are useful for muscle memory. Many students benefit from a multi-sensory approach: saying the character aloud while writing, or even forming the strokes in the air with a finger. Websites and apps that show animated stroke order can be invaluable for home practice.

家长能提供的最佳帮助之一，是鼓励孩子进行短时间、经常性的书写练习，而非漫长而疲惫的突击。使用田字格纸有助于把握汉字的间架结构，描红练习则对肌肉记忆很有帮助。很多学生受益于多感官学习法：一边写一边读出生字，甚至用手指在空中比划笔画。能展示动态笔顺的网站和应用程序对家庭练习格外有用。

Don’t panic if your child forgets characters seemingly overnight – spaced repetition is key. Gentle quizzing, perhaps by showing the English meaning and asking for the character, can boost retention. Celebrate small wins, such as mastering a set of five new characters, to maintain motivation.

如果孩子似乎一夜之间就忘记学过的字，不必惊慌——间隔重复是关键。通过展示英文意思并让孩子写出对应汉字的温和小测验，可以提高记忆保持率。庆祝小小的胜利，比如掌握了一组五个新字，有助于保持学习动力。

4. Essential Vocabulary Topics | 核心词汇主题

The Year 7 AQA Chinese vocabulary is organised around familiar, everyday themes. Common topics include greetings, numbers, family members, colours, animals, school subjects, food and drink, and hobbies. These word groups are carefully chosen so that students can quickly form simple sentences about themselves and their immediate world. Vocabulary lists are often provided by the school, but you can also access official AQA GCSE word lists to see the broader target vocabulary, as Year 7 covers the initial portion of that.

七年级 AQA 中文词汇围绕熟悉的日常主题展开。常见话题包括问候、数字、家庭成员、颜色、动物、学校科目、饮食和爱好。这些词群经过精心挑选，使学生能快速组织出关于自己和周边世界的简单句子。学校通常会提供词汇表，但您也可以查阅官方的 AQA GCSE 词汇大纲，了解更全面的目标词汇，因为七年级覆盖了其中起始部分。

Creating flashcards, either physical or digital, is a proven method for building vocabulary. On one side write the Chinese character and pinyin, on the other the English meaning. Encourage your child to practise both recognition (seeing Chinese and saying English) and recall (seeing English and producing Chinese). Short, daily vocabulary games, like matching pairs or ‘beat the clock’, can transform drilling into a lively activity. Linking new words to images or personal experiences also deepens memory.

制作纸质或数字闪卡是经过验证的词汇积累方法。一面写汉字和拼音，另一面写英文意思。鼓励孩子同时练习辨识（看中文说出英文）和回想（看英文说出中文）。每天进行简短的词汇游戏，如配对或“争分夺秒”，可以把机械操练变成生动有趣的活动。将新词与图像或个人经历联系起来也能加深记忆。

Keep a visible word wall at home, where you post characters and their meanings for each topic. As your child encounters new words, add them to the wall. Seeing the language daily in their environment reinforces passive learning, and it is a simple way for non-Chinese-speaking parents to take part in the process.

在家里设置一面可见的词汇墙，贴上每个主题的汉字及释义。当孩子遇到新词时，把它们添加到墙上。在日常生活中每天看到这些语言能强化被动学习，对不会中文的家长来说，这也是参与学习过程的一个简单方式。

5. Listening and Speaking Practice | 听力与口语练习

Listening and speaking are closely intertwined in language acquisition, and AQA places strong emphasis on these skills. In class, your child will listen to audio clips of native speakers and practice short dialogues. At home, you can support this by exposing your child to as much spoken Chinese as possible, even if it is just a few minutes a day. The goal is to train the ear to distinguish sounds and tones in natural speech, which is often faster than textbook audio.

听和说在语言习得中密不可分，AQA 对这些技能非常重视。在课堂上，孩子会听母语者的音频片段并练习简短对话。您在家中可以通过让孩子尽可能多地接触汉语口语来提供支持，即使每天只有几分钟。目标是训练耳朵辨别自然语流中的声音和声调，这常常比课本音频语速更快。

Use age-appropriate Chinese cartoons, songs, and YouTube channels designed for learners. Titles such as ‘Peppa Pig in Chinese’ or children’s songs with subtitles can make listening enjoyable. Encourage your child to mimic phrases and intonation, even if they don’t understand every word. Shadowing – repeating immediately after a speaker – is a powerful technique to build speaking fluency and confidence.

可以利用适合年龄的中文动画片、歌曲以及为学习者设计的 YouTube 频道。像《小猪佩奇》中文版或带字幕的儿歌能让听力练习变得愉快。鼓励孩子模仿短语和语调，即使他们不能理解每个词。“跟读”——紧跟着说话者重复——是培养口语流利度和信心的强效方法。

For speaking practice, role-play simple real-life situations, such as ordering food, introducing oneself, or talking about hobbies. You can play the part of an English-speaking customer while your child uses Chinese to serve you. Correct them gently on tones, focusing on the overall attempt rather than demanding perfection. Audio-recording their speaking and listening back together can also help identify areas for improvement.

在口语练习方面，可以角色扮演简单的真实情景，比如点餐、自我介绍或谈论爱好。您可以扮演说英语的顾客，让孩子用中文为您服务。温和地纠正声调，关注整体表达而非要求完美。录下孩子的语音并一起回听，也有助于发现需要改进的地方。

6. Reading Comprehension Strategies | 阅读理解策略

Reading in Chinese involves a different set of challenges compared to alphabetic languages. In Year 7, reading tasks gradually move from pinyin-supported texts to recognising high-frequency characters within short paragraphs. Students learn to use radicals to guess meaning, and to look for familiar word chunks. They are often asked to answer simple questions in English to demonstrate comprehension, so it is not necessary to understand every character to succeed.

与字母文字相比，中文阅读面临不同的挑战。七年级的阅读任务会从拼音辅助的文本逐步过渡到在简短段落中识别高频汉字。学生学会利用部首推测字义，并寻找熟悉的词语模块。他们常被要求用英语回答简单问题以展示理解，因此不必认识每个字就能完成任务。

At home, you can support reading by supplying a variety of graded readers specifically written for Mandarin learners. These books use controlled vocabulary and often include pinyin above characters at the starter level. Read alongside your child, discussing the story in English to check understanding. Encourage them to identify characters they know and praise their efforts when they puzzle out the meaning of an unfamiliar sentence.

在家时，您可以通过提供专为汉语学习者编写的分级读物来支持阅读。这些书使用受控词汇，入门级别通常在汉字上方标注拼音。与孩子一起阅读，并用英语讨论故事以检查理解情况。鼓励他们找出自己认识的汉字，并在他们成功推断出生句的意思时给予表扬。

Another useful exercise is to find Chinese signs, menus, or product labels (online or in local shops) and try to recognise characters together. This real-world reading connects classroom learning to everyday life and shows your child that Chinese is a living, functional language. Over time, they will develop the ability to scan a text quickly for keywords, a vital skill for exams.

另一个有用的练习是寻找中文标志、菜单或产品标签（在网上或本地商店中），并一起尝试认读汉字。这种现实世界的阅读将课堂学习与日常生活联系起来，让孩子看到中文是一门鲜活、实用的语言。久而久之，他们将培养出快速扫读文本寻找关键词的能力，这对考试至关重要。

7. Writing Skills Development | 写作技巧培养

Writing in Chinese moves from simple character reproduction to forming short sentences and basic paragraphs. In Year 7, students learn to write about themselves, their family, and their likes and dislikes. The focus is on accuracy in stroke order, character structure, and basic grammar patterns such as subject–verb–object order. Common measure words and the use of ‘de’ (的) for possession are also introduced early on.

中文写作从简单的汉字书写，逐步过渡到组织短句和基础小段落。在七年级，学生学习书写关于自己、家人以及喜好等内容。重点在于笔顺、字形结构的准确性，以及主谓宾等基本语法结构。常用的量词及“的”字的所有格用法也会在早期引入。

Set up a simple writing routine at home, such as writing a weekly ‘Chinese diary’ with just two or three sentences. Provide model sentences first, and then encourage your child to substitute parts with their own information. For example, from the model ‘Wǒ xǐhuān chī píngguǒ’ (I like eating apples), they can create ‘Wǒ xǐhuān chī xiāngjiāo’ (I like eating bananas). This substitution drill builds confidence and grammar awareness without overwhelming them.

在家里建立简单的写作常规，比如每周写一篇只有两三句话的“中文日记”。先提供例句，然后鼓励孩子用自己的信息替换其中部分内容。例如，从“我喜欢吃苹果”这个例句，他们可以造出“我喜欢吃香蕉”。这种替换练习能建立信心和语法意识，又不会让孩子感到难以承受。

When reviewing your child’s writing, avoid fixing every single mistake. Instead, pick one or two recurring errors (such as a missing measure word or a tonal slip reflected in pinyin writing) and provide clear, kind feedback. Use a handwriting practice sheet to drill problematic characters. Remember that writing Chinese is a fine motor skill that improves steadily with consistent, low-stakes practice.

在检查孩子的写作时，避免纠正每一个错误。相反，挑选一两个反复出现的问题（如遗漏量词或拼音中反映的声调失误），给予清晰、友善的反馈。使用书写练习纸来强化有问题的汉字。记住，汉字书写是一种精细运动技能，通过持续、低压力的练习，它会稳步提高。

8. Introducing Chinese Culture | 介绍中国文化

Cultural understanding is an integral part of the AQA Chinese course, not just an add-on. Year 7 students will encounter topics like Chinese New Year, the Mid-Autumn Festival, traditional food, and aspects of daily school life in China. Exploring culture gives language a meaningful context and motivates learners by connecting them with the people and stories behind the words.

文化理解是 AQA 中文课程不可或缺的一部分，而不仅仅是附加内容。七年级学生会接触到春节、中秋节、传统美食以及中国校园生活的方方面面。探索文化为语言赋予了有意义的背景，并让学习者与语言背后的人群和故事产生连接，从而激发他们的动力。

You can bring culture to life at home through cooking a simple Chinese dish together, making paper lanterns or paper cuttings for festivals, and watching documentaries about China. Libraries often stock beautifully illustrated children’s books on Chinese myths and legends, such as the story of Nian the monster or Chang’e the moon goddess. Discussing these stories in English helps consolidate cultural knowledge and provides an easy entry point for parents who do not know the language.

您可以在家中通过一起烹饪简单的中国菜、为节日制作纸灯笼或剪纸，以及观看关于中国的纪录片，将文化带入生活。图书馆常有精美插图的儿童书籍，介绍中国神话与传说，比如“年”兽的故事或嫦娥奔月。用英语讨论这些故事有助于巩固文化知识，也为不懂中文的家长提供了一个轻松的切入点。

Many schools celebrate Chinese New Year with assemblies or workshops. Get involved if possible, and ask your child to teach you what they have learned – teaching others is a powerful way to deepen their own understanding. A positive attitude to cultural differences fosters a global mindset that extends far beyond the language classroom.

许多学校会通过集会或工作坊来庆祝春节。如果可能的话，请积极参与，并让孩子把他们学到的内容教给您——教别人是加深自己理解的有效方式。对文化差异持积极态度，能培养一种超越语言教室的全球视野。

9. Useful Resources and Tools | 实用资源与工具

There is a wealth of high-quality, free and low-cost resources to support Year 7 Chinese learning. The AQA website itself offers past papers, mark schemes, and vocabulary lists designed for GCSE, but many of these materials are useful for younger learners too. Online platforms such as Quizlet provide pre-made flashcard sets for common textbooks, while apps like Pleco and Skritter are excellent for character recognition and writing practice.

有大量高质量、免费或低成本的资源可以支持七年级中文学习。AQA 官网提供为 GCSE 设计的历年真题、评分标准和词汇表，但其中很多材料对低龄学习者同样有用。在线平台如 Quizlet 提供常用教材的预制闪卡，而 Pleco 和 Skritter 等应用在对汉字识读和书写练习方面表现出色。

YouTube channels such as ‘ChinesePod’ and ‘Yoyo Chinese’ offer bite-sized lessons on pinyin, tones, and beginner conversations. BBC Bitesize, though limited for Mandarin, occasionally has useful cultural and language clips. Many public libraries also provide free access to language learning platforms like Mango Languages or Transparent Language, which include Mandarin courses with parent-friendly interfaces.

YouTube 频道如“ChinesePod”和“Yoyo Chinese”提供关于拼音、声调和初学者会话的碎片化课程。BBC Bitesize 的汉语内容虽有限，但偶尔也会有实用的文化和语言视频。许多公共图书馆还免费提供语言学习平台，如 Mango Languages 或 Transparent Language，其中包含界面友好的汉语课程，便于家长使用。

When selecting resources, look for those that match the AQA approach, which balances character learning with romanisation and contextual practice. Avoid products that promise instant fluency – language learning is a marathon, not a sprint. Build a small resource toolkit with your child’s input, so they feel ownership over their learning.

在选择资源时，请寻找那些与 AQA 方法相匹配的，即平衡汉字学习、罗马注音和情景练习。避免使用那些承诺速成的产品——语言学习是马拉松，而非短跑。与孩子一起建立一个小型资源工具箱，让他们感觉到自己对学习有主导权。

10. Creating a Supportive Learning Environment at Home | 营造家庭学习环境

The home environment plays a pivotal role in a child’s language learning success. It does not require parents to speak Chinese; rather, it requires a positive, organised, and low-anxiety atmosphere. Designate a dedicated, distraction-free study area where your child can complete Chinese homework and practice. Keep essential supplies – character writing paper, pens, headphones, and a laptop or tablet – readily available.

家庭环境在孩子的语言学习成功中扮演着关键角色。它并不要求家长说中文，而是需要营造积极、有条理且低焦虑的氛围。指定一个专属、无干扰的学习区域，让孩子完成中文作业和进行练习。将汉字练习纸、笔、耳机以及笔记本电脑或平板电脑等必需品放在触手可及的地方。

Establish a consistent routine, such as 15–20 minutes of Chinese practice at the same time each day. This regular habit, even if brief, is far more effective than occasional long sessions. Encourage a growth mindset by praising effort, strategy, and improvement rather than labelling your child as ‘good at languages’ or ‘bad at languages’. When they struggle, frame mistakes as a normal and valuable part of learning.

建立固定的学习习惯，比如每天在同一时间进行15–20分钟的中文练习。这种规律的习惯即便时间很短，也比偶尔进行的长时间学习有效得多。通过表扬努力、方法和进步来鼓励成长型思维，而不是给孩子贴上“擅长语言”或“不擅长语言”的标签。当他们遇到困难时，将错误视为学习过程中正常而有价值的一部分。

Celebrate Chinese-related events at home: mark the Mid-Autumn Festival by tasting mooncakes, or set off (virtual) fireworks for Chinese New Year. Such activities reinforce that learning Chinese is an enriching experience, not just an academic requirement. Your enthusiasm, curiosity, and willingness to learn a few phrases yourself can be the strongest motivator of all.

在家庆祝与中国有关的节日：在中秋节品尝月饼，或在春节时放（虚拟）烟花。这些活动强化了学习中文是一种丰富的体验，而不仅仅是学业要求。您的热情、好奇心和愿意亲自学几句短语的态度，可能是所有激励因素中最强有力的。

11. Monitoring Progress and Motivation | 监测进度与激励

Tracking progress in language learning can be tricky, as gains are often gradual and subtle. Instead of focusing solely on test scores, look for signs of growing confidence: your child voluntarily uses Chinese words at the dinner table, recognises characters on a menu, or watches a Chinese cartoon without being prompted. These small victories indicate real progress.

监测语言学习的进度可能比较棘手，因为进步往往是渐进且不易察觉的。不要仅仅关注考试分数，要留意信心增强的迹象：孩子自愿在餐桌上使用中文词汇、认出菜单上的汉字，或主动观看一部中文动画片。这些小小的胜利意味着真正的进步。

Help your child set specific, achievable short-term goals, such as ‘I will learn 10 new food words this week’ or ‘I will practise tones for five minutes every day’. Reaching these goals provides a sense of accomplishment. Use a simple progress chart or sticker system for younger learners, and for older ones, a learning journal where they reflect on what went well and what was difficult.

帮助孩子设定具体、可实现的短期目标，比如“这周我要学会10个食物新词”或“我要每天练习声调五分钟”。达成这些目标会带来成就感。对年龄较小的学生，可以使用简单的进度表或贴纸系统；对年龄较大的学生，可以让他们写学习日志，反思哪些地方做得好，哪些地方有困难。

When motivation dips, it is often because the work feels repetitive or disconnected from real life. Reconnect learning to your child’s personal interests: if they love music, find Chinese pop songs; if they love sports, learn vocabulary for basketball or swimming. Acknowledging that language learning has peaks and valleys normalises the experience and prevents discouragement from taking hold.

当动力下降时，往往是因为学习任务感觉重复或与现实生活脱节。将学习与孩子的个人兴趣重新连接起来：如果他们喜欢音乐，就找中文流行歌曲；如果他们喜欢运动，就学习关于篮球或游泳的词汇。承认语言学习有起伏，能使这种经历正常化，防止气馁情绪蔓延。

12. Preparing for Assessments and Beyond | 为评估及未来做准备

Year 7 assessments in Chinese are usually informal and designed to check foundational knowledge rather than to create high pressure. They might include short vocabulary quizzes, a reading task, or a simple spoken conversation. Teachers use these assessments to identify gaps and to provide targeted feedback. It is important to frame assessments as learning checkpoints, not as judgement of ability.

七年级的中文评估通常是非正式的，旨在检查基础知识，而非制造高压。它们可能包括简短的词汇测验、一项阅读任务或一次简单的口语对话。老师利用这些评估来发现薄弱环节并提供针对性反馈。将评估视为学习检查点而非能力评判，这一点很重要。

To prepare, help your child review vocabulary and key sentence patterns a little and often, rather than cramming the night before. Practise pinyin reading aloud, and do a mock conversation where you ask questions in English and they answer in Chinese. After each assessment, discuss what they found easy and what they want to improve, focusing on strategies rather than marks.

在备考时，帮助孩子少量多次地复习词汇和重点句型，而不是在考试前一晚填鸭式学习。练习大声朗读拼音，并模拟一次会话：您用英语提问，他们用中文回答。每次评估后，讨论他们觉得容易的地方以及想要改进的地方，关注学习策略而非分数。

Beyond Year 7, the skills and habits your child builds now will serve as the foundation for GCSE Chinese and potentially A-level. The AQA GCSE Chinese exam tests all four skills and includes a greater volume of characters and more complex grammar. Early steady progress, paired with a positive relationship with the language, sets the stage for long-term success. Your consistent support is the single most important factor in helping your child view Chinese not as a difficult chore, but as a door to a fascinating world.

超越七年级，您孩子现在培养的技能和习惯将为 GCSE 中文及可能的 A-Level 打下基础。AQA GCSE 中文考试考查全部四项技能，涵盖更大字量的汉字和更复杂的语法。早期稳步的进步，加上与中文的积极关系，为长期成功搭建了舞台。您持续的支持是最关键的因素，它能帮助孩子将中文视为一扇通向迷人世界的大门，而不是一项艰难的苦差事。

Published by TutorHao | Chinese Revision Series | aleveler.com

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