Year 7 Edexcel Physics: Practical Skills and Assessment Tips | Year 7 Edexcel 物理：实验考核要点

📚 Year 7 Edexcel Physics: Practical Skills and Assessment Tips | Year 7 Edexcel 物理：实验考核要点

Practical work is an essential part of Year 7 Edexcel Physics. It helps you develop scientific skills such as planning experiments, making accurate measurements, recording data, and drawing conclusions. This guide will cover the key practical skills you need to succeed in your assessments.

实验是 Year 7 Edexcel 物理的重要组成部分。它帮助你培养科学技能，例如设计实验、进行精确测量、记录数据和得出结论。本指南将涵盖你在考核中需要掌握的关键实践技能。

1. Laboratory Safety | 实验室安全

Always wear a lab coat and safety goggles to protect yourself from spills or broken glass. Tie back long hair and avoid loose clothing. Listen carefully to your teacher’s instructions before starting any experiment. When using a Bunsen burner, make sure the air hole is closed when lighting it, and use a safety flame (yellow flame) when not heating. Never run or play in the lab, and report any accidents immediately.

始终穿着实验服并佩戴护目镜，以防液体溅出或玻璃破碎。将长发束起，避免穿着宽松衣物。开始任何实验前，认真听取老师的指导。使用本生灯时，点燃前确保空气孔关闭，不加热时使用安全火焰（黄色火焰）。不得在实验室内奔跑或嬉戏，发生任何意外应立即报告。

Never heat flammable liquids near a flame; always use a water bath or a heating mantle. When heating a test tube, point the open end away from yourself and others. Keep the workspace tidy and return all equipment after use.

切勿在火焰附近加热易燃液体；始终使用水浴或加热套。加热试管时，开口端应远离自己和他人。保持工作台整洁，实验后将所有器材归位。

2. Using Measuring Instruments | 使用测量仪器

To measure length, use a metre ruler or a measuring tape. Always place the zero mark exactly at one end of the object. Your eye must be directly above the mark to avoid parallax error. Read the measurement to the nearest millimetre. For curved distances, use a piece of string and then measure the length against a ruler.

测量长度时，使用米尺或卷尺。务必将零刻度对准物体的一端。眼睛必须正视刻度，以避免视差。读取到最接近的毫米值。对于弯曲的距离，可以用一段绳子沿着曲线，然后在直尺上测量绳子的长度。

If the object is irregular, take several measurements along different sections and find the average. This reduces random errors and gives a more reliable result. When using instruments with a vernier scale, always read the alignment of the lines carefully.

如果物体不规则，在不同部位测量多次并求平均值。这样可以减少随机误差，得出更可靠的结果。使用带有游标刻度的仪器时，始终仔细读取刻线对齐位置。

3. Measuring Mass | 测量质量

Place the electronic balance on a flat, stable surface. Turn it on and press the tare (zero) button before placing any object on the pan. Wait for the reading to stabilise. Record the mass in grams (g) or kilograms (kg). For a beam balance, adjust the riders until the beam is horizontal.

将电子天平放在平坦稳定的台面上。打开电源，放上物体前按下去皮（归零）按钮。等待读数稳定。以克（g）或千克（kg）为单位记录质量。对于梁式天平，调节游码直到横梁水平。

For very light objects, use a balance with a draft shield to avoid air currents affecting the reading. Do not touch the object with your hands before weighing; use a spatula or tweezers. Always check that the balance reads zero after removing the object.

对于非常轻的物体，使用带有防风罩的天平以避免气流影响读数。称量前不要用手触碰物体，应使用药匙或镊子。取下物体后务必检查天平是否回零。

4. Measuring Volume | 测量体积

For liquids, use a measuring cylinder. Place it on a level surface and read the volume at the bottom of the meniscus (the curved surface of the liquid). Your eye must be level with the meniscus. For irregular solids, use the displacement method: partially fill a measuring cylinder with water, record the volume, gently lower the solid into the water, and record the new volume. The volume of the solid is the difference.

液体使用量筒进行测量。将量筒放在水平面上，读取液面弯月面的底部。眼睛要与弯月面保持水平。对于不规则固体，使用排水法：先在量筒内加入适量水，记录体积；将固体轻轻放入水中，记录新体积，固体体积即为两次读数之差。

If a solid floats, use a sinker (a heavy object) to submerge it. First measure the volume of the sinker alone, then attach the solid and measure the combined volume. The volume of the solid is the difference. Once you have mass and volume, you can find density using the formula:

如果固体漂浮，用一个沉块使其沉没。先测量沉块单独的体积，再将固体与沉块连接后测量总体积，两次差值即为固体体积。获得质量和体积后，你可以使用以下公式求出密度：

Density = mass ÷ volume

记得使用一致的单位，例如质量用克（g）、体积用立方厘米（cm³），密度即为 g/cm³。

5. Measuring Temperature | 测量温度

Use a thermometer to measure temperature. Wait for the reading to become steady before recording. The bulb of the thermometer should be fully immersed in the substance but not touching the walls of the container. Read the temperature with your eye level to the liquid column. Record in degrees Celsius (°C).

使用温度计测量温度。等待读数稳定后再记录。温度计的液泡应完全浸没在待测物质中，但不要碰到容器壁。眼睛与液柱保持水平读取温度。记录单位为摄氏度（°C）。

Allow the thermometer to stabilise for at least 30 seconds. If the temperature is changing quickly, take readings at regular intervals and record the maximum or minimum reached. When measuring the temperature of a hot liquid, be careful not to touch the hot beaker; use a clamp stand if necessary.

让温度计稳定至少30秒。如果温度变化很快，每隔一定时间读数，记录达到的最高或最低值。测量热液体温度

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