📚 Year 8 OCR Engineering: Key Terminology Quick-Glance Guide | Year 8 OCR 工程：核心词汇速查指南
Engineering can feel like learning a new language, but once you grasp the core vocabulary, everything clicks into place. This quick-glance guide breaks down essential Year 8 OCR engineering terms into themed sections, pairing each term with a clear definition in both English and Chinese. To help you remember them for good, we have added simple memory hooks – because terms that stick are terms you will use successfully in your projects, exams, and beyond.
工程学有时就像在学习一种全新的语言，但一旦掌握了核心词汇，一切都会豁然开朗。这份速查指南将八年级 OCR 工程课程中的关键术语按主题分类，为每个术语提供清晰的中英双语定义。为了帮你真正记住它们，我们还加入了简单的记忆窍门——记得住的术语，才能在项目、考试乃至未来的实践中运用自如。
1. Materials and Properties | 材料与特性
Understanding what materials are made of and how they behave is the foundation of all engineering decisions. Below are key terms describing common materials and their mechanical or physical properties.
了解材料的成分和行为是所有工程决策的基础。以下是一些描述常见材料及其力学或物理特性的关键术语。
Ferrous metal – A metal containing iron, which means it is usually magnetic and can rust. Think ‘Fe’ (the chemical symbol for iron) inside ferrous.
黑色金属 – 含铁的金属，通常有磁性且容易生锈。记住“铁”的化学符号 Fe，就藏在 ferrous 拼写中。
Non-ferrous metal – A metal without iron, such as aluminium or copper. It does not rust and is often non-magnetic. Recall ‘non’ means no, so no iron, no rust.
有色金属 – 不含铁的金属，例如铝或铜。它们不易生锈，通常无磁性。记住“non”意为“没有”，没有铁就不生锈。
Tensile strength – The ability of a material to resist being pulled apart. Picture ‘tense’ like a rope under tension – the higher the tensile strength, the harder it is to snap.
抗拉强度 – 材料抵抗被拉断的能力。想象一根紧绷的绳子，“tense”表示拉紧状态，抗拉强度越高，绳子越难拉断。
Hardness – A measure of how well a material resists scratching, indentation, or wear. Think of a diamond – it is famously hard and can scratch almost anything.
硬度 – 衡量材料抵抗刮擦、压痕或磨损的能力。想想钻石——以高硬度著称，几乎能划伤任何东西。
Ductility – The ability of a material to be stretched into a wire without breaking. Copper is highly ductile, which is why it is used in electrical cables.
延展性 – 材料能被拉成细丝而不断裂的能力。铜具有很高的延展性，因此被用来制造电线。
2. Tools and Workshop Equipment | 工具与车间设备
Every engineer needs to know the names and jobs of the tools in the workshop. Getting these right early prevents mistakes and keeps your work accurate.
每个工程师都需要认识车间里的各种工具及其用途。尽早掌握这些名称和功能可以避免错误，确保加工精度。
Engineer’s vice – A heavy-duty clamp fixed to a workbench, used to hold workpieces securely while you cut, file, or drill. ‘Vice’ grips – it holds tight.
台虎钳 – 固定在工作台上的重型夹具，用来在切割、锉削或钻孔时牢牢夹持工件。想象台虎钳像老虎钳一样紧紧咬住。
Hacksaw – A fine-toothed saw designed for cutting metal and plastic. The word ‘hack’ means to cut roughly, but with a hacksaw you cut precisely.
钢锯 – 一种细齿锯，专用于切割金属和塑料。“hack”有粗略砍削的意思，但用钢锯可以精确切割。
Try square – An L-shaped tool used to check right angles and mark lines perpendicular to an edge. Think ‘try’ – you try if it is square.
直角尺 – 一种 L 形工具，用来检查直角，并画出与边缘垂直的线条。试试它是否“方”（square），所以叫 try square。
Centre punch – A pointed tool hit with a hammer to create a small dent, which stops a drill bit from wandering. Punch the ‘centre’ to start drilling accurately.
中心冲 – 用锤子敲击的尖头工具，能在工件上打出小凹坑，防止钻头打滑。冲在“中心”，钻孔才精准。
3. Manufacturing Processes | 制造工艺
From shaping materials to joining parts, manufacturing processes turn raw stock into finished products. These terms describe the most common techniques you will use in the workshop.
从材料成形到零件连接，制造工艺将原材料变为成品。以下术语描述了你在车间里最常使用的技术。
Filing – Removing small amounts of material using a file to smooth edges, shape surfaces, or deburr. It is like sanding, but with a metal tool.
锉削 – 使用锉刀去除少量材料，用于磨平边缘、修整表面或去除毛刺。类似于打磨，但用的是金属工具。
Drilling – Creating a round hole in a workpiece using a rotating drill bit. Always secure the work in a vice and wear safety goggles.
钻孔 – 使用旋转的钻头在工件上加工出圆形孔。一定要将工件夹在虎钳上并佩戴护目镜。
Soldering – Joining metal parts by melting a filler metal (solder) with a heated iron. Think ‘solid’ + ‘ering’ – it makes a solid connection for electronics.
焊接（软钎焊） – 用加热的烙铁熔化填充金属（焊料）来连接金属零件。它为电子元件建立“固体”（solid）连接。
Casting – Pouring molten metal into a mould and allowing it to solidify into a specific shape. ‘Cast’ like casting a spell – the liquid takes the mould’s shape.
铸造 – 将熔化的金属浇入模具，待其冷却凝固成特定形状。就像施法（cast a spell），液态金属变成模具的形状。
4. Mechanical Components | 机械元件
Machines are built from simple parts that transmit and control motion and force. These terms will help you describe how mechanisms work.
机器由传递和控制运动与力的简单零件组成。这些术语将帮助你描述机构的工作原理。
Gear – A toothed wheel that meshes with another gear to transmit rotary motion and torque. A large gear turning a small gear increases speed.
齿轮 – 带有轮齿的轮子，与另一齿轮啮合来传递旋转运动和扭矩。大齿轮带动小齿轮会提高转速。
Lever – A rigid bar that pivots on a fulcrum to amplify an input force. Think of a seesaw – a small push on one end can lift a heavier load on the other.
杠杆 – 一根绕支点转动的刚性杆，能放大力。想想跷跷板，一端轻轻的按压就能抬起另一端更重的载荷。
Pulley – A wheel with a groove that holds a rope or belt, used to change the direction of a force or lift loads. More pulleys mean less effort.
滑轮 – 带有凹槽的轮子，用于容纳绳索或皮带，可以改变力的方向或提升重物。滑轮组越多，越省力。
Linkage – A system of connected rods or levers used to transfer motion and force. The word ‘link’ reminds you that parts are linked together to create complex movements.
连杆机构 – 由连接的杆件或杠杆组成的系统，用于传递运动和力。“link”意味着部件连接在一起，产生复杂的运动。
5. Electronics and Circuits | 电子与电路
Electronics is a huge part of modern engineering. Knowing the basic building blocks of a circuit will allow you to design and troubleshoot simple electronic projects.
电子学是现代工程的重要组成部分。了解电路的基本构成模块，你就能设计简单的电子项目并进行故障排查。
Circuit – A complete, closed path through which electricity can flow. If the path is broken, the current stops – think of a circular race track.
电路 – 电流能够流通的完整闭合路径。路径断开，电流就会停止——可以想象成一条圆形的赛道。
Resistor – A component that limits the flow of electric current, protecting other parts. It ‘resists’ electricity, just like a narrow pipe resists water flow.
电阻器 – 限制电流流动的元件，用于保护其他部件。它会“抵抗”（resist）电流，就像细管限制水流一样。
LED (Light Emitting Diode) – A semiconductor device that emits light when current flows through it. Note: it only works if connected the right way round; the longer leg is usually positive.
发光二极管 – 一种半导体器件，当电流通过时会发光。注意：它只有在正确连接正负极时才会工作，长引脚通常为正极。
PCB (Printed Circuit Board) – A board that mechanically supports and electrically connects components using copper tracks. It is like a map of ‘roads’ for electricity.
印刷电路板 – 通过铜导线机械支撑并电气连接元件的板子。它就像一张电流的“道路”地图。
6. Health and Safety (H&S) | 健康与安全
Safety is not optional in engineering. These terms remind you of the rules and equipment that protect you and others in the workshop.
在工程中，安全不是可选项。这些术语帮助记住保护你和他人的规则与装备。
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) – Equipment worn to reduce exposure to hazards. Examples include safety goggles, ear defenders, and steel-toe boots. ‘Personal’ means it belongs to you – you must wear it.
个人防护装备 – 戴在身上以减少危害暴露的装备。例如护目镜、耳罩和钢头鞋。“个人”意味着它属于你，你必须穿戴好。
Risk assessment – The process of identifying what could cause harm and deciding on precautions. Before starting any task, ask: what could go wrong, and how can I stop it?
风险评估 – 识别可能造成伤害的因素并确定预防措施的过程。开始任何任务前，都要问：什么可能出错，我该如何防范？
Fume extraction – A system that removes harmful smoke or vapours from the air, especially during soldering or welding. ‘Extract’ means to pull out – it pulls out dangerous fumes.
排烟系统 – 从空气中抽走有害烟雾或蒸气的装置，尤其是在焊接时使用。“extract”意为抽出，它将危险烟气抽走。
Emergency stop – A large red button that immediately cuts power to a machine. Memorise where it is before you use any equipment – it is your quickest way to stop danger.
紧急停止按钮 – 一个红色的大按钮，能立即切断机器电源。使用任何设备前都要记住它的位置——这是阻止危险最快的方法。
7. The Design Process | 设计流程
Engineering is not just about making; it starts with thinking and designing. These terms walk you through the steps from idea to finished product.
工程不仅仅是制造，它始于思考和设计。这些术语带你走完从想法到成品的全过程。
Design brief – A clear statement outlining what a design must achieve, including key requirements and constraints. It is the ‘mission brief’ for your project.
设计概要 – 一份清晰的陈述，概括设计必须实现的目标，包括关键要求和限制条件。它就是你项目的“任务简报”。
Specification – A detailed list of criteria that the final product must meet, such as size, weight, cost, and materials. Think of it as a checklist for success.
设计规格 – 一份详细的指标清单，内容包括尺寸、重量、成本、材料等，是最终产品必须满足的条件。把它想象成一份成功清单。
Prototype – A first working model of a product, built to test the design before full production. ‘Proto’ means first; a prototype is the first of its type.
原型 – 产品的首个可工作模型，用于在全面投产前测试设计。“proto”意为最初，原型就是该类型的第一件。
Iterative design – A design process based on repeated cycles of prototyping, testing, evaluating, and refining. Keep looping until the design is right.
迭代设计 – 基于“建立原型—测试—评估—改进”这一循环往复过程的设计方法。不断循环，直到设计完善。
8. Measurement and Marking Out | 测量与划线
Accurate measurement is the difference between a part that fits and one that does not. These terms ensure your work starts correctly.
精确的测量决定了零件是否能够正确配合。这些术语确保你的加工从起点就准确无误。
Steel rule – A precise, rigid metal tool for measuring length. Do not confuse it with a school ruler; a steel rule is far more accurate.
钢直尺 – 用于测量长度的精密刚性金属工具。别把它和普通的塑料尺子混淆，钢直尺的精度要高得多。
Vernier caliper – A measuring instrument that can read internal, external, and depth dimensions with high precision (usually to 0.02 mm). The auxiliary scale ‘vernier’ gives you extra detail.
游标卡尺 – 一种能高精度测量内径、外径和深度的量具（通常精确到 0.02 毫米）。副尺“vernier”能提供额外的读数细节。
Marking out – The process of drawing accurate lines and points on a workpiece to guide cutting and shaping. Mark out your design before you cut – measure twice, cut once.
划线 – 在工件上画出精确的线条和点位，以指导切割和成形的过程。切削前先划线——测量两次，切割一次。
Scribe – A sharp, hardened steel tool used to mark fine lines on metal. It literally scratches a thin, permanent line that will not rub off easily.
划针 – 一种锋利的淬硬钢工具，用于在金属上划出细线。它能刻出不易擦掉的永久细线。
9. Forces and Structures | 力与结构
All structures must withstand forces without collapsing. Understanding these terms helps you design bridges, towers, and frames that stay standing.
所有结构都必须能承受各种力而不倒塌。理解这些术语有助于你设计出稳固的桥梁、塔架和框架。
Tension – A pulling force that stretches a material. Cables on a suspension bridge are in tension – they are being pulled tight.
拉力（张力） – 一种拉伸材料的力。悬索桥的缆索就承受拉力——它们被拉得很紧。
Compression – A pushing force that squeezes a material together. The columns of a building are in compression under the weight they support.
压力（压缩力） – 一种将材料挤压在一起的推力。建筑物的柱子就在其承受的重量下处于压缩状态。
Torsion – A twisting force, like wringing out a wet cloth. A screwdriver experiences torsion when you turn it to drive a screw.
扭力 – 一种扭转的力，就像拧干湿毛巾。当你转动螺丝刀拧螺丝时，螺丝刀就在承受扭力。
Shear force – A force that tries to cut or split a material by sliding one part against another. Scissors use shear force to cut paper.
剪切力 – 试图通过使材料的一部分相对另一部分滑动，从而将其切断或劈开的力。剪刀就是利用剪切力来剪纸的。
10. CAD, CAM and CNC | 计算机辅助设计、制造与数控
Modern engineering relies heavily on computers. These acronyms and terms describe the digital tools that bring designs to life.
现代工程高度依赖计算机。这些缩写和术语描述了让设计变为现实的数字工具。
CAD (Computer-Aided Design) – Using software to create precise 2D or 3D models of products. Think ‘drawing with a computer’s help’.
CAD（计算机辅助设计） – 使用软件创建精确的二维或三维产品模型。记成“在计算机的帮助下绘图”。
CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) – Using software to control machine tools to make parts directly from a CAD model. After CAD comes CAM – design then make.
CAM（计算机辅助制造） – 使用软件控制机床，直接根据 CAD 模型制造零件。先 CAD 再 CAM——先设计后制造。
CNC (Computer Numerical Control) – A machine controlled by a computer program that tells it exactly where and how to move. The ‘NC’ stands for numbers that control the movement.
CNC（计算机数控） – 由计算机程序控制的机器，程序精确指示其移动位置和方式。“NC”代表用数字来控制运动。
3D printing – An additive manufacturing process that builds objects layer by layer from a digital file. It adds material rather than cutting away, like a glue gun that draws in 3D.
3D 打印 – 一种增材制造工艺，根据数字文件逐层构建物体。它是添加材料而非切除材料，就像一把能在三维空间绘画的热熔胶枪。
11. Quality Control and Testing | 质量控制与测试
Engineers must ensure their products meet the required standards. These terms cover the checks that keep quality high.
工程师必须确保产品符合要求的标准。这些术语涵盖了维持高品质的检查方法。
Quality control (QC) – A system of inspecting and testing products to make sure they meet the specification. ‘Control’ means you are in charge of quality, not hoping for the best.
质量控制（QC） – 一套检验和测试产品的制度，确保其符合设计规格。“控制”意味着你主动掌控质量，而不是靠运气。
Tolerance – The acceptable limit of variation in a dimension. A tight tolerance means parts must be made very precisely, with little room for error.
公差 – 尺寸允许的变化范围。公差越紧，意味着零件必须制造得非常精确，误差空间极小。
Non-destructive testing (NDT) – Testing methods that do not damage the part, such as visual inspection or using ultrasound. ‘Non-destructive’ means the part stays whole.
无损检测（NDT） – 不会损坏零件本身的测试方法，如目视检查或超声波探伤。“无损”意味着零件依然完好。
Go / No-Go gauge – A simple pass/fail gauge that checks whether a part’s size is within tolerance. ‘Go’ side must fit; ‘No-Go’ side must not – easy to remember.
通止规 – 一种简单的合格/不合格量规，用于检查零件尺寸是否在公差范围内。“通”端必须能通过，“止”端必须不能通过——简单好记。
12. Sustainable Engineering | 可持续工程
Engineering must consider the environment. These terms help you think about resources, waste, and the lifecycle of products.
工程必须考虑环境因素。这些术语帮助你思考资源、废弃物和产品的生命周期。
Sustainability – Meeting our own needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. Think ‘sustain’ meaning to keep going for a long time.
可持续性 – 满足当代需求而不损害后代满足其需求的能力。记住“sustain”意为长期维持下去。
Lifecycle assessment – A method for evaluating the environmental impact of a product from raw material extraction, through manufacture and use, to disposal. From cradle to grave.
生命周期评估 – 一种评估产品从原材料获取、制造、使用到废弃处理全过程环境影响的方法。从摇篮到坟墓的全过程分析。
Recyclable material – A material that can be reprocessed and used again instead of being thrown away. Aluminium and many plastics are recyclable.
可回收材料 – 可以被再加工并重新使用的材料，而不是被丢弃。铝和许多塑料都是可回收的。
Carbon footprint – The total amount of greenhouse gases released during the making and using of a product. A smaller footprint is better for the planet.
碳足迹 – 在产品制造和使用过程中释放的温室气体总量。足迹越小，对地球越有利。
Published by TutorHao | Engineering Revision Series | aleveler.com
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