Year 9 CCEA Computer Science: Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | Year 9 CCEA 计算机：词汇术语速记指南

📚 Year 9 CCEA Computer Science: Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | Year 9 CCEA 计算机：词汇术语速记指南

Mastering the language of computer science gives you a huge advantage in every topic, from hardware to programming. This guide presents must-know Year 9 CCEA terms with clear explanations, smart memory hooks, and paired English–Chinese paragraphs to speed up your revision. Read on to build a rock-solid vocabulary that will make exam questions feel familiar and coding tasks far less daunting.

掌握计算机科学的语言能让你在硬件、编程等每个主题中占据巨大优势。本指南将 Year 9 CCEA 必知术语用清晰的解释、巧妙的记忆挂钩和中英对照段落呈现，加速你的复习。继续读下去，建立一个坚如磐石的词汇库，让考题变得亲切，编程任务也不再望而生畏。

1. Hardware Fundamentals | 硬件基础术语

CPU (Central Processing Unit) – Often called the ‘brain’ of the computer, the CPU carries out the fetch–decode–execute cycle. It processes every instruction at incredible speed. Think of the CPU as a hyperactive office manager who never stops giving orders.

CPU（中央处理器） – 常被称作计算机的“大脑”，CPU 执行取指-译码-执行周期。它以惊人速度处理每一条指令。把 CPU 想象成一个精力充沛、永不停歇发号施令的办公室经理。

RAM (Random Access Memory) – Volatile, high-speed memory that holds operating system, application programs and data currently in use. When the power goes off, everything in RAM vanishes. Memory trick: RAM is your desk – items are right in front of you while you work, but tidied away when you leave.

RAM（随机存取存储器） – 易失性高速存储器，存放正在使用的操作系统、应用程序和数据。断电后 RAM 中的所有内容都会消失。记忆技巧：RAM 就是你的书桌 – 工作时物品放在眼前，离开时全部收起。

ROM (Read Only Memory) – Non-volatile memory that permanently stores the firmware or BIOS needed to boot up the computer. You cannot easily write over it. Imagine ROM as a sealed instruction manual that comes with a machine and never changes.

ROM（只读存储器） – 非易失性存储器，永久存储启动计算机所需的固件或 BIOS。你无法轻易覆盖它。可以把 ROM 想象成随机器附送的密封使用手册，内容永不改变。

Hard Disk Drive (HDD) and Solid State Drive (SSD) – Both are secondary storage. HDDs use magnetic spinning platters and a moving arm, making them slower but cheaper per gigabyte. SSDs use flash memory chips with no moving parts, offering much faster read/write speeds and greater durability. Useful analogy: HDD is a vinyl record player, SSD is a USB stick.

硬盘驱动器 (HDD) 与固态驱动器 (SSD) – 两者都是辅助存储器。HDD 使用磁性旋转碟片和移动臂，速度较慢但每 GB 成本低。SSD 使用闪存芯片，无活动部件，读写速度更快且更耐用。实用类比：HDD 像黑胶唱片机，SSD 像 U 盘。

Motherboard – The main printed circuit board that connects the CPU, RAM, storage and all other components. It acts as the computer’s skeleton and communication hub, allowing data to travel between parts precisely. Think of a busy train station where every platform connects to a central hall.

主板 – 连接 CPU、内存、存储和所有其他组件的主印制电路板。它充当计算机的骨架和通信枢纽，使数据在部件之间精准传输。想象一个繁忙的火车站，所有站台都通往中央大厅。

Peripheral Devices – External hardware that connects to the computer to add functionality: input devices (keyboard, mouse, microphone) send data in, output devices (monitor, printer, speakers) display or produce results. Memory hook: peripherals are the extra ‘hands and eyes’ of the computer; without them, you cannot interact.

外围设备 – 连接计算机以增加功能的外部硬件：输入设备（键盘、鼠标、麦克风）用来传入数据，输出设备（显示器、打印机、扬声器）用来展示或产生结果。记忆挂钩：外围设备是计算机额外的“手和眼睛”，没有它们你就无法交互。

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2. Software Essentials | 软件核心术语

Operating System (OS) – System software that manages all hardware and software resources and provides common services for application programs. Examples include Windows, macOS, Linux and iOS. Picture the OS as the conductor of a large orchestra, ensuring every instrument plays in harmony.

操作系统 (OS) – 管理所有硬件与软件资源并为应用程序提供通用服务的系统软件。例如 Windows、macOS、Linux 和 iOS。把操作系统想象成大乐团的指挥，确保每件乐器和谐演奏。

Application Software – Programs designed to help users perform specific tasks, such as a word processor (Microsoft Word), a spreadsheet (Excel) or a web browser (Chrome). One quick way to remember: applications = apps, the tools you use to get things done.

应用软件 – 旨在帮助用户执行特定任务的程序，比如文字处理软件（Word）、电子表格（Excel）或网络浏览器（Chrome）。快速记忆方法：应用 = app，是你用来完成任务的工具。

Utility Software – System software that helps manage, maintain and control computer resources, e.g. antivirus scanners, backup tools and disk defragmenters. You can think of utilities as the maintenance crew that keeps the computer’s engine running smoothly.

实用工具软件 – 帮助管理、维护和控制计算机资源的系统软件，例如杀毒扫描程序、备份工具和磁盘碎片整理程序。你可以把实用工具视为保持计算机引擎顺畅运转的维修团队。

Firmware – A special type of software programmed directly into a hardware device, usually stored in ROM or flash memory. It provides low-level control for the device. Think of firmware as a device’s ‘personality’ that is built in from the factory and rarely changed.

固件 – 直接编程到硬件设备中的特殊软件，通常存储在 ROM 或闪存中。它提供对设备的底层控制。把固件想象成设备出厂时内置的“个性”，而且很少改变。

Graphical User Interface (GUI) – A visual way of interacting with a computer using windows, icons, menus and pointers (WIMP). Most modern operating systems use GUIs because they are intuitive. Memory phrase: ‘Click icons, not commands.’

图形用户界面 (GUI) – 使用窗口、图标、菜单和指针（WIMP）与计算机交互的可视化方式。大多数现代操作系统采用 GUI 因为它直观。口诀：“点图标，不敲命令。”

Command Line Interface (CLI) – A text-based interface where users type specific commands to perform tasks, common in developer tools and server environments. If GUI is a point-and-click camera, CLI is a professional lens you adjust manually – harder at first, but more powerful.

命令行界面 (CLI) – 用户通过键入特定命令来执行任务的文本界面，常见于开发者工具和服务器环境。如果说 GUI 是傻瓜相机，CLI 就是你手动调节的专业镜头 – 起初更难，但功能更强大。

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3. Data Representation | 数据表示术语

Binary – A number system that uses only two digits: 0 and 1. Computers use binary because transistors have two states: on (1) and off (0). Everything – text, image, sound – is stored as long strings of bits. Remember: ‘Bi’ means two, like in bicycle.

二进制 – 仅使用 0 和 1 两个数字的计数系统。计算机使用二进制是因为晶体管有两种状态：开 (1) 和关 (0)。一切 – 文本、图像、声音 – 都以长长的 bit 串存储。记住：“Bi” 意为二，就像自行车（bicycle）。

1010₂ = 10₁₀

2¹⁰ = 1024

Bit – Short for binary digit; the smallest unit of data in computing, holding either a 0 or a 1. A bit is like a tiny light bulb that can be on or off.

比特 (bit) – 二进制位的缩写；计算中数据的最小单位，存 0 或 1。一个 bit 就像一盏可以点亮或熄灭的小灯泡。

Byte – A group of 8 bits, commonly used to represent a single character like ‘A’ or ‘7’. 1 byte = 8 bits. To visualise, think of a byte as a box holding exactly eight tiny switches.

字节 (Byte) – 由 8 个 bit 组成的组合，常用来表示一个字符如 ‘A’ 或 ‘7’。1 字节 = 8 比特。可形象化为一盒恰好有 8 个小开关。

Nibble – Half a byte, i.e. 4 bits. It is sometimes used when representing a single hexadecimal digit. ‘Nibble’ sounds like a small bite – and it is exactly that: a tiny piece of a byte.

半字节 (Nibble) – 半个字节，即 4 比特。在表示单个十六进制数字时偶尔用到。“Nibble” 听起来像一小口 – 它正是一小块字节。

Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte – Units of storage capacity. 1 kilobyte (KB) = 1024 bytes, 1 megabyte (MB) = 1024 KB, 1 gigabyte (GB) = 1024 MB. Use the memory staircase: each step up multiplies by roughly one thousand.

千字节、兆字节、吉字节 – 存储容量单位。1 千字节 (KB) = 1024 字节，1 兆字节 (MB) = 1024 KB，1 吉字节 (GB) = 1024 MB。用记忆阶梯：每上一级大约乘一千。

ASCII – American Standard Code for Information Interchange; a character encoding standard that uses 7 bits to represent 128 characters (letters, digits, punctuation). For example, capital ‘A’ is code 65. Recall: ASCII is like a dictionary that maps numbers to symbols.

ASCII – 美国信息交换标准代码；一种使用 7 个比特表示 128 个字符（字母、数字、标点）的字符编码标准。例如大写 ‘A’ 是代码 65。回忆：ASCII 就像一本将数字映射到符号的字典。

Unicode – A universal character encoding standard designed to support all the writing systems of the world, using up to 32 bits per character. It includes emoji, Chinese characters and more. Think of Unicode as the giant, modern library that replaces the tiny ASCII shelf.

Unicode – 旨在支持全世界所有书写系统的通用字符编码标准，每个字符最多用 32 比特。它包含表情符号、汉字等。把 Unicode 想象为取代小小的 ASCII 书架的巨型现代图书馆。

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4. Network Know-How | 网络术语

LAN (Local Area Network) – A network that connects computers within a small geographical area, such as a school, home or office. Typically uses Ethernet cables or Wi‑Fi. Memory hook: ‘Local’ means limited, like your local shop.

局域网 (LAN) – 在一个小地理范围内（如学校、家庭或办公室）连接计算机的网络。通常使用以太网线或 Wi‑Fi。记忆挂钩：“本地”意味着范围有限，就像你家附近的商店。

WAN (Wide Area Network) – A network that spans large geographic distances, connecting multiple LANs. The internet is the largest WAN. Imagine a WAN as a motorway system linking many towns together.

广域网 (WAN) – 跨越长距离、连接多个局域网的网络。因特网就是最大的广域网。把 WAN 想象成连接许多城镇的高速公路系统。

Router – A networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. It reads the destination IP address and decides the best path. Think of a router as a postal sorting office that reads addresses and sends letters down the correct road.

路由器 – 在计算机网络之间转发数据包的设备。它读取目标 IP 地址并决定最佳路径。把路由器想象成邮件分拣处，阅读地址后沿正确道路发送信件。

Switch – A device that connects multiple devices on the same network and uses MAC addresses to send data only to the intended recipient. If a router is the post office between towns, a switch is the internal mail cart inside one office building.

交换机 – 将同一网络中多台设备

Published by TutorHao | Year 9 Computer Science Revision Series | aleveler.com

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