📚 Year 9 WJEC Engineering: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | Year 9 WJEC 工程：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to your essential fast-track memory guide for Year 9 WJEC Engineering. This article breaks down the core vocabulary and technical terminology you need to understand and apply, from material properties to electronic systems and workshop safety. Each term is paired with a simple definition and a memory tip to help you retain it effortlessly.
欢迎来到 Year 9 WJEC 工程的关键术语速记指南。本文分解了你需要理解和应用的核心词汇与技术术语，涵盖从材料性能到电子系统、车间安全等各方面。每个术语都配有简单定义和记忆技巧，帮助你轻松记忆。
1. Materials & Properties | 材料与性能
Alloy: A mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal, engineered to enhance properties like strength or corrosion resistance. Memory tip: ‘Alloy’ = ‘All meet’ to boost metal powers.
合金：由两种或多种元素混合而成，至少包含一种金属，用以改善强度或耐腐蚀等性能。 记忆技巧：把合金想成’混合增强’金属的能力。
Ferrous Metal: A metal containing iron, usually magnetic and prone to rust (e.g. steel). Remember ‘Fe’ in the periodic table – ferrous = iron inside.
黑色金属：含铁的金属，通常有磁性且易生锈（如钢）。 记住元素符号 ‘Fe’——黑色金属就是含铁金属。
Non-ferrous Metal: A metal without iron, such as aluminium or copper, often resistant to rust and non-magnetic. Think ‘No-Fe’ non-ferrous.
有色金属：不含铁的金属，如铝或铜，通常抗锈且无磁性。 联想 ‘没有 Fe’ 就是有色金属。
Thermoplastic: A type of plastic that softens when heated and can be remoulded repeatedly (e.g. acrylic, polythene). Thermo- = heat, plastic = mouldable.
热塑性塑料：受热软化、可反复重塑的塑料（如亚克力、聚乙烯）。 热塑 = 加热可塑形。
Thermosetting Plastic: A plastic that once set by heat or chemical reaction, cannot be remoulded (e.g. epoxy resin). Thermoset: once set, you can’t reset.
热固性塑料：经加热或化学反应定型后无法再重塑的塑料（如环氧树脂）。 热固：一旦固定，不能回头。
Composite Material: A material made from two or more distinct substances, combining their best properties (e.g. fibreglass, carbon fibre). Composites = combine to be more than the sum of parts.
复合材料：由两种或多种不同物质组合而成的材料，兼具各自优点（如玻璃钢、碳纤维）。 复合 = 混合优势，超越单一材料。
2. Manufacturing Processes | 制造工艺
Casting: Pouring molten material into a mould and letting it solidify to form a desired shape. Think of casting like making jelly in a mould.
铸造：将熔融材料倒入模具并让其凝固成所需形状。 想象一下用模具做果冻。
Forming: Shaping materials by applying force, such as bending, stamping or rolling, without removing material. Forming = forcing into form.
成形加工：通过施加力（如弯曲、冲压、轧制）使材料成型，不去除材料。 成形就是靠压力塑形。
Machining: Removing material from a workpiece using cutting tools to achieve precise dimensions (e.g. drilling, milling, turning). Machining = material subtracts to exact size.
机加工：使用切削工具从工件上去除材料以获得精确尺寸（如钻孔、铣削、车削）。 机加工就是’减材成精’。
Joining: Connecting separate components using techniques like welding, soldering, or bolting. Joining = making parts become one.
连接：通过焊接、锡焊或螺栓连接等技术将分离的部件连接在一起。 连接让零件合为一体。
Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing): Building objects layer by layer from a digital file, opposite of machining. Additive = adding layers to ‘print’ the part.
增材制造（3D 打印）：通过数字文件逐层构建物体的方法，与机加工相反。 增材：层层叠加’打印’零件。
3. Mechanical Systems & Motion | 机械系统与运动
Lever: A rigid bar pivoted at a fulcrum, used to amplify an input force when moving a load. Three classes of lever: always remember ‘FLE’ – Fulcrum, Load, Effort position changes.
杠杆：一个绕支点转动的刚性杆，用于放大输入力来移动负载。 记住三类杠杆：支点、负载、作用力位置变化。
Gear Ratio: The ratio of teeth numbers between two meshing gears; determines speed and torque output. Driven gear teeth ÷ driver gear teeth.
齿轮比：两个啮合齿轮齿数之比，决定输出转速和扭矩。 从动轮齿数 ÷ 主动轮齿数。
Pulley System: A wheel and rope arrangement that changes the direction of a force and can provide mechanical advantage. More rope sections supporting load = more advantage.
滑轮系统：通过轮子和绳索改变力的方向并能提供机械效益的装置。 支撑负载的绳索段数越多，越省力。
Belt Drive: A looped flexible belt connecting two pulleys to transfer rotary motion; if pulleys differ in size, speed changes. Like a bicycle chain but with a rubber belt.
带传动：连接两个带轮的环形挠性带，传递旋转运动；带轮大小不同则改变转速。 如同自行车链条，但用橡胶带。
Linear Motion: Movement in a straight line. All rotary motion must be converted to linear for many mechanisms. Rotary to linear is a key engineering conversion.
直线运动：沿直线的运动。许多机构需将旋转运动转化为直线运动。 旋转变直线是工程中的关键转换。
4. Electronics & Circuit Basics | 电子与电路基础
Voltage (V): The electrical pressure that pushes current around a circuit, measured in volts. Think of voltage as ‘electrical push’.
电压 (V)：推动电流在电路中流动的电压力，单位是伏特。 把电压想象成’电的推力’。
Current (I): The flow of electric charge, measured in amperes (amps). Current = continuously running electrons.
电流 (I)：电荷的流动，单位是安培。 电流就像水流一样的电子流。
Resistance (Ω): Opposition to current flow, measured in ohms. Resistance restricts – like a narrow pipe.
电阻 (Ω)：对电流流动的阻碍，单位是欧姆。 电阻限制电流，像狭窄的水管。
Ohm’s Law: The relationship between voltage, current and resistance.
V = I × R
欧姆定律：电压、电流与电阻之间的关系。
V = I × R
Microcontroller: A compact integrated circuit that can be programmed to control inputs and outputs (e.g. Arduino, micro:bit). A tiny computer on a chip for controlling gadgets.
微控制器：可编程控制输入输出的紧凑型集成电路（如Arduino、micro:bit）。 芯片上的微型电脑，用于控制小装置。
5. Computer-Aided Design & Manufacture | 计算机辅助设计与制造
CAD (Computer-Aided Design): Using software to create precise 2D or 3D drawings and models of products. CAD = ‘Computer-Assisted Drawing’.
CAD（计算机辅助设计）：使用软件创建精确的2D或3D产品图纸和模型。 CAD 就是’电脑辅助绘图’。
CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing): Using computers to control machinery like CNC routers or laser cutters during production. CAM follows CAD: design then build automatically.
CAM（计算机辅助制造）：在生产中通过电脑控制数控机床或激光切割机等设备。 CAD 之后 CAM：先设计再自动加工。
CNC (Computer Numerical Control): A machine tool operated by precise programmed commands, enabling repeatable and accurate cuts. CNC = code controls cutter.
CNC（计算机数控）：通过精确编程指令操作的机床，实现可重复的精确切削。 CNC：代码控制刀具。
Rapid Prototyping: Quickly creating a physical model using 3D printing or CNC machining to test form and fit. Fast fail learning: prototype early, improve faster.
快速原型制作：使用3D打印或CNC加工快速创建实物模型以测试外形和配合。 快速试错：尽早制作原型，快速改进。
6. Health, Safety & Risk Assessment | 健康、安全与风险评估
Risk Assessment: A systematic process of identifying hazards, evaluating risks, and deciding on control measures before a task. 5 steps: Identify, Decide, Evaluate, Record, Review.
风险评估：在任务前识别危险、评估风险并确定控制措施的系统过程。 记住五步：识别，决定，评估，记录，审查。
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment): Equipment worn to reduce exposure to hazards – goggles, gloves, ear defenders. PPE = Protect Person Everyday.
PPE（个人防护装备）：为减少危险暴露而穿戴的装备，如护目镜、手套、耳罩。 PPE：天天保护人身安全。
CO<sub>2</sub> Fire Extinguisher: Suitable for electrical fires and burning liquids; leaves no residue. Black label: think ‘CO<sub>2</sub> – clean extinguisher’.
二氧化碳灭火器：适用于电气火灾和液体燃烧，无残留。 黑色标签：CO<sub>2</sub> = 清洁灭火。
Guarding: Physical barriers or shields on machines to prevent contact with moving parts. Guard = guard from danger.
防护罩：机器上的物理屏障或遮挡，防止接触运动部件。 防护罩就是危险隔离物。
Engineering Control: A physical change to the workplace, like extraction fans or machine guards, that reduces hazard at source. Fix the environment first, not just behaviour.
工程控制：改变工作环境的物理措施，如排风扇或机器防护罩，从源头减少危险。 优先从环境着手，而非仅改变行为。
7. Measurement & Units | 测量与单位
Caliper: A precise measuring tool used to obtain internal, external and depth dimensions. Digital or vernier; think of ‘calibrated pincer’.
卡尺：用于测量内径、外径和深度的精密量具。 数字或游标卡尺；想象成’校准夹子’。
Micrometer: An instrument providing readings down to 0.01 mm accuracy. ‘Micro’ = tiny measurements.
千分尺：可精确读到 0.01 mm 的量具。 ‘千分’表示微小测量。
Tolerance: The permissible limit of variation in a dimension; the difference between the maximum and minimum allowable size. Tolerance = how much ‘off’ is still okay.
公差：尺寸允许的变动范围，即最大与最小允许尺寸之差。 公差就是允许’偏离’多少仍算合格。
Mass vs. Weight: Mass is the amount of matter (kg); weight is the gravitational force on that mass (N). Mass stays constant; weight changes with gravity.
质量与重量：质量是物质含量（kg），重量是重力对质量的作用力（N）。 质量不变，重量随重力变化。
Newton (N): The SI unit of force. 1 N is roughly the force needed to lift a small 100 g apple. Remember: Newton = force of an apple.
牛顿 (N)：力的国际单位。1 N 大约相当于举起一个 100 g 小苹果所需的力。 记住：牛顿 ≈ 苹果的重力。
8. Structures & Forces | 结构与力
Tension: A pulling force that stretches a material. Tension = tight stretch.
拉力：拉伸材料的力。 拉力让材料伸长。
Compression: A pushing force that squeezes or shortens a material. Compression = crush together.
压力/压缩力：挤压或缩短材料的推力。 压缩力就是把材料压在一起。
Shear Force: A force acting perpendicular to the surface, causing layers to slide past each other, like scissors cutting. Shear = sliding layers apart.
剪切力：作用于表面垂直方向、使层间相对滑动的力，就像剪刀剪纸。 剪切=让层错动。
Torsion: A twisting force that causes rotation around an axis. Think of torsion as ‘twist torque’.
扭转力：引起绕轴旋转的扭力。 扭转就是’拧’的力。
Strut: A rigid structural member designed to resist compression. Strut stays strong when squeezed.
撑杆：用于抵抗压缩力的刚性构件。 撑杆受压不弯。
9. Sustainable Engineering & The Environment | 可持续工程与环境
Sustainability: Designing products to meet present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. 3 pillars: planet, people, profit.
可持续性：设计产品既满足当前需求，又不损害后代满足其需求的能力。 三大支柱：环境、社会、经济。
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): Analysing environmental impacts of a product from raw material extraction to disposal or recycling. Cradle to grave analysis.
生命周期评估 (LCA)：分析产品从原材料提取到废弃或回收的整个周期对环境的影响。 从摇篮到坟墓的分析。
Recyclable Material: Material that can be reprocessed into new products after its original use, such as aluminium or PET plastic. Look for recycling symbols and numbers.
可回收材料：使用后能被再加工成新产品的材料，如铝或PET塑料。 留意回收标志和编号。
Carbon Footprint: The total greenhouse gas emissions caused directly or indirectly by a product or activity, expressed as CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent. Smaller footprint = kinder to planet.
碳足迹：产品或活动直接或间接造成的温室气体排放总量，以二氧化碳当量表示。 碳足迹越小，对地球越友好。
Biodegradable: A material capable of being broken down by bacteria or living organisms, reducing waste build-up. Bio = life, degradable = can disappear naturally.
可生物降解：能被细菌或生物分解的材料，减少废物堆积。 生物 + 降解 = 生命能把它消化掉。
10. Tools & Workshop Equipment | 工具与车间设备
Soldering Iron: A heated tool used to melt solder and join electronic components to a circuit board. Always use a stand; the tip is hotter than a boiling kettle.
烙铁：加热工具，用于熔化焊锡，将电子元件连接到电路板上。 务必使用烙铁架；尖端温度远超沸水。
Bench Vice: A mechanical clamp fixed to a workbench to hold workpieces securely during sawing, filing or drilling. Vice = gripping friend.
台虎钳：固定在工作台上的机械夹具，用于在锯切、锉削或钻孔时牢固夹持工件。 虎钳就是你的’强力抓手’。
Tenon Saw: A fine-toothed backsaw used for accurate straight cuts in wood and some plastics. Rigid spine keeps the blade straight.
夹背锯：一种齿细的背锯，用于在木材和某些塑料上进行精确直线切割。 刚硬的脊背让锯片保持平直。
File: A hardened steel tool with rows of teeth, used to remove small amounts of material to smooth or shape. Draw file: push, don’t rub back.
锉刀：带有齿纹的淬硬钢工具，用于去除少量材料以修平或成形。 顺锉：向前推，不要来回摩擦。
Bandsaw: A power saw with a continuous blade loop, ideal for cutting curves and irregular shapes. Blade is a loop – think ‘band’ around wheels.
带锯：带有连续环状锯条的电动锯，适合切割曲线和不规则形状。 锯条是个环，像带子绕在轮子上。
Published by TutorHao | Engineering Revision Series | aleveler.com
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