📚 Year 9 SQA Drama: Essential Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | SQA 戏剧：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering the language of drama is the first step towards performing, directing and critiquing with confidence. This guide gathers the essential terms you will meet in Year 9 SQA Drama, arranged by topic so you can learn and memorise them quickly. Whether you are on stage or in the classroom, a solid vocabulary gives you the power to describe what you see, what you do and what you feel in a theatrical space.
掌握戏剧的语言是自信表演、导演和评论的第一步。这本指南汇集了九年级 SQA 戏剧中会遇到的关键术语，按主题分类，方便你快速学习和记忆。无论你是在舞台上还是课堂里，扎实的词汇量能让你准确地描述所见、所做的和剧场空间中的感受。
1. The Elements of Drama: What Makes a Performance? | 戏剧基本元素：构成表演的要素
Character – the person, animal or idea portrayed by an actor in a drama.
角色 – 演员在戏剧中扮演的人物、动物或概念。
Relationship – the connection between characters (e.g. family, enemy, friend, rival).
关系 – 角色之间的联系（如家人、敌人、朋友、对手）。
Situation – the circumstances and events the characters find themselves in.
情境 – 角色所处的环境和事件。
Voice – how an actor uses spoken sound to create meaning.
声音 – 演员如何运用发声来创造意义。
Movement – how bodies travel through the performance space.
动作 – 身体在表演空间中移动的方式。
Space – the way the stage area is used, including levels and groupings.
空间 – 舞台区域的运用方式，包括不同高度和组合。
Time – the setting of the drama (period, era) and the timing of action.
时间 – 戏剧的背景年代以及行动的时机与节奏。
Language – the words chosen in the script or improvisation; can include dialect and register.
语言 – 剧本或即兴创作中选用的词语，可包括方言和语域。
Tension – the sense of anticipation or conflict that keeps the audience engaged.
张力 – 让观众保持投入的期待感或冲突感。
Atmosphere – the mood or feeling created in a scene through sound, lighting and performance.
气氛 – 通过音效、灯光和表演所营造的情绪或感受。
Symbol – an object, colour or gesture that represents a larger idea.
象征 – 代表更大概念的物体、颜色或手势。
2. Stage Directions: Navigating the Performance Space | 舞台方位：表演空间的导航
| English Term | 中文术语 | Definition | 定义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Upstage | 上台口 | The area furthest from the audience. | 离观众最远的舞台区域。 |
| Downstage | 下台口 | The area closest to the audience. | 最靠近观众的舞台区域。 |
| Centre Stage | 舞台中央 | The middle of the acting area. | 表演区的正中间。 |
| Stage Left | 舞台左侧 | The actor’s left when facing the audience. | 演员面向观众时的左手边。 |
| Stage Right | 舞台右侧 | The actor’s right when facing the audience. | 演员面向观众时的右手边。 |
| Wings | 侧台 | The offstage areas to the sides, hidden from the audience. | 舞台两侧观众看不见的区域。 |
| Apron | 台唇 | Part of the stage that extends in front of the curtain. | 舞台伸出大幕前的部分。 |
| Cross | 横穿 | An actor’s movement from one side of the stage to the other. | 演员从舞台一侧移动到另一侧。 |
3. Body Language and Physical Skills | 肢体语言与形体技巧
Facial expression – using the face to show emotion, such as raised eyebrows for surprise or a clenched jaw for anger.
面部表情 – 用面部传达情感，如扬起眉毛表示惊讶或咬紧牙关表示愤怒。
Posture – how a character holds their body; slumped for defeat, upright for confidence.
姿态 – 角色身体的支撑方式；垂头丧气表示挫败，挺直表示自信。
Gesture – a movement of part of the body to communicate an idea or feeling (e.g. a wave, pointing).
手势 – 身体某部分的动作以传达想法或情感（如挥手、指指点点）。
Eye contact – where the actor looks; establishing eye contact with another character or breaking it for tension.
眼神交流 – 演员的视线方向；与另一角色建立眼神接触或中断以制造紧张。
Gait – a character’s distinctive way of walking that reveals age, status or mood.
步态 – 角色独特的走路方式，能揭示年龄、地位或情绪。
Stillness – holding completely still to draw focus or show internal conflict.
静止 – 完全不动以吸引注意力或表现内心冲突。
Physical theatre – a style where the body is the primary storytelling tool, often combined with mime and movement sequences.
形体戏剧 – 以身体为叙事主要工具的一种风格，常结合默剧和动作序列。
4. Vocal Skills: The Actor’s Instrument | 声音技巧：演员的乐器
Pitch – the highness or lowness of the voice; a high pitch can suggest fear or excitement, a low pitch authority or menace.
音高 – 嗓音的高低；高音域可表现恐惧或激动，低音域暗示权威或威胁。
Pace – the speed at which lines are delivered; fast for panic, slow for thoughtfulness.
语速 – 说台词的速度；快语速表现慌张，慢语速表现深思。
Volume – how loud or quiet the voice is; a whisper can create intimacy, a shout conveys power.
音量 – 声音的大小；耳语可营造亲密感，喊叫传达力量。
Tone – the emotional quality of the voice (e.g. sarcastic, tender, bitter).
语气 – 声音的情感质地（如讽刺的、温柔的、苦涩的）。
Pause – a break in speech for dramatic effect, allowing tension to build or an idea to sink in.
停顿 – 台词中的间断以制造戏剧效果，让张力积聚或让想法深入人心。
Emphasis – stressing a particular word or syllable to change meaning.
重音 – 强调某个词或音节以改变意义。
Accent and dialect – the pronunciation and regional language choices that place a character geographically or socially.
口音与方言 – 反映角色地理或社会背景的发音和地域用语。
Projection – using breath and resonance to fill the space without shouting.
声音投射 – 利用呼吸和共鸣使声音充满空间而非喊叫。
5. Movement, Gesture and Blocking | 动作、手势与走位
Blocking – the planned movement and positioning of actors on stage, set by the director.
走位 – 导演设定的演员在舞台上的动作和位置安排。
Levels – different heights used on stage (standing, sitting, lying, platforms) to show status and create visual interest.
层次 – 舞台上不同的高度（站立、坐、躺、平台），用以显示地位并创造视觉趣味。
Proxemics – the distance between characters; intimate space suggests closeness, large distance implies alienation.
空间关系 – 角色之间的距离；亲密距离暗示亲近感，远距离暗指疏离。
Slow motion – moving deliberately slower than real life to highlight a moment.
慢动作 – 比现实生活刻意放慢的动作，用以突出某个瞬间。
Tableau – a frozen picture created by a group to represent a moment or idea.
定格式造型 – 一群人构成的静态画面，代表某一瞬间或概念。
Mime – acting without words, using exaggerated gesture and movement to tell a story.
默剧 – 不用语言，通过夸张的手势和动作来叙事的表演。
Marking the moment – a technique that draws attention to a key climax in the drama, e.g. through freeze-frame or spotlight.
瞬间定格强化 – 通过定格或追光等手段将注意引向戏剧的关键高潮。
6. Characterisation and Role Development | 角色塑造与发展
Motivation – the reason behind a character’s actions; what they want and why.
动机 – 角色行动背后的原因；他们想要什么以及为什么。
Objective – a character’s specific goal in a scene (e.g. to persuade, to escape, to dominate).
目标 – 角色在某一场景中的具体目的（如说服、逃离、支配）。
Subtext – the unspoken thoughts and feelings beneath the dialogue.
潜台词 – 对白之下未说出的想法和情感。
Hot seating – an exercise where an actor stays in role and answers questions from others to deepen character understanding.
角色访谈 – 演员保持角色，回答他人提问以加深对角色的理解。
Role on the wall – a drawn outline of a character filled with inner and outer traits.
墙壁上的角色 – 画出角色轮廓，并在内外部填写特征。
Status – a character’s social standing or confidence level, shown through body language and voice.
地位 – 角色的社会等级或自信程度，通过肢体与声音展现。
Given circumstances – the facts the playwright provides about the character’s world, such as age, place and time.
给定情境 – 剧作家提供的角色世界事实，如年龄、地点和时间。
7. Drama Forms and Styles | 戏剧形式与风格
Naturalism – a style aiming to recreate real life on stage with believable characters and everyday speech.
自然主义 – 旨在舞台上再现真实生活，使用可信角色和日常对话的风格。
Epic theatre – a form associated with Brecht that breaks the fourth wall to make the audience think critically, often using narration and placards.
史诗戏剧 – 与布莱希特相关的形式，打破第四面墙让观众批判性思考，常用叙述和标语牌。
Physical theatre – storytelling where the body is central; often blends dance, mime and acrobatics.
形体剧 – 以身体为中心的叙事，常融合舞蹈、默剧和杂技。
Melodrama – exaggerated emotions, clear heroes and villains, and sensational plots, often with music underscoring the action.
通俗剧 – 夸张的情感、鲜明的英雄与反派、耸动的剧情，常配乐烘托。
Commedia dell’arte – Italian comedy tradition using stock characters, masks and improvisation.
即兴喜剧 – 意大利喜剧传统，使用定型角色、面具和即兴创作。
Site-specific theatre – performances created for and staged in a non-theatre location, such as a warehouse or park.
特定场域戏剧 – 为非剧场地点（如仓库或公园）专门创编和演出的作品。
Devised theatre – a piece created collaboratively by the performers rather than from a pre-existing script.
集体创编戏剧 – 由表演者共同创作而非基于现成剧本的作品。
8. Production Roles: Behind the Scenes | 制作角色：幕后分工
Director – the person who oversees the artistic vision, guides actors and unifies all elements of a production.
导演 – 负责艺术构思，指导演员并统一作品所有元素的人。
Stage manager – coordinates rehearsals and runs the technical aspects during performances, calling cues.
舞台监督 – 协调排练，演出中调度技术环节并提示指令。
Set designer – creates the visual environment of the play, from furniture to backdrops.
舞台设计师 – 设计剧目的视觉环境，从家具到背景幕布。
Costume designer – decides what characters wear to reflect period, status and personality.
服装设计师 – 决定角色着装以反映时代、地位和个性。
Lighting designer – plans the illumination of the stage to create mood, focus and time of day.
灯光设计师 – 设计舞台灯光以营造氛围、聚焦和表现时间。
Sound designer – selects or creates sound effects, music and amplification to support the action.
音效设计师 – 选取或创作音效、音乐并扩音，以支撑表演。
Props master – responsible for sourcing or making all handheld objects used by actors.
道具师 – 负责寻找或制作演员使用的所有手持物件。
9. Lighting and Sound Terminology | 灯光与音效术语
Spotlight – a tight beam of light that isolates a performer or area.
追光 – 聚焦在一名演员或一个区域上的狭窄光束。
Wash – a broad, even spread of light covering a large part of the stage.
铺光 – 覆盖舞台大部分区域的宽广均匀灯光。
Blackout – a sudden cut to complete darkness, often used to end a scene dramatically.
黑场 – 突然转为全黑，常用于戏剧性地结束一场戏。
Cross-fade – overlapping one lighting state or sound cue with another for smooth transition.
交叠变换 – 将一个灯光状态或声音指令与另一个交叠，以实现平滑过渡。
Gobo – a metal stencil placed in front of a light to project a pattern (e.g. leaves, window frames).
图形模板 – 置于灯前的金属镂空片，以投射图案（如树叶、窗框）。
Underscore – music played softly beneath speech to add emotion or tension.
背景配乐 – 在念白下方轻柔播放的音乐，增添情感或紧张感。
Live sound – sound created on stage by actors (e.g. footsteps, clapping) rather than pre-recorded.
现场音效 – 由演员在舞台上实时制造的声音（如脚步声、鼓掌），而非预录。
Cue – a signal for an actor to speak or a technician to execute a change.
提示信号 – 给演员开始说话或给技师执行变换的信号。
10. Rehearsal and Performance Vocabulary | 排练与演出常用词汇
Read-through – the first rehearsal where the cast reads the whole script aloud together.
通读 – 首次排练中全体演员一起大声诵读整个剧本。
Blocking rehearsal – a session focused on setting movement and positioning, often with scripts in hand.
走位排练 – 专注于设定动作和站位的一次排练，常手持剧本进行。
Run-through – a complete performance of the play without stopping, used to test flow and timing.
连贯排练 – 不间断地完成整剧表演，用于检验流畅度和节奏。
Technical rehearsal – a stop-start rehearsal where lighting, sound and set changes are integrated.
技术排练 – 一种走走停停的排练，将灯光、音效和布景变换融入。
Dress rehearsal – a final rehearsal in full costume and make-up, run as if it were a real performance.
彩排 – 身着全套服装和化妆的最后排练，如同真实演出一般。
Warm-up – physical and vocal exercises to prepare actors’ bodies and voices before rehearsal or performance.
热身 – 在排练或演出前让演员肢体和声音进入状态的形体与发声练习。
Curtain call – the moment at the end when performers bow to the audience to receive applause.
谢幕 – 演出尾声演员向观众鞠躬接受掌声的时刻。
Fourth wall – the imaginary barrier between actors and audience; breaking it means acknowledging the audience directly.
第四面墙 – 演员与观众之间想象的屏障；打破它意味着直接向观众致意。
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