📚 Year 11 WJEC Drama: Quick Revision Guide to Key Vocabulary | Year 11 WJEC 戏剧：词汇术语速记指南
To succeed in WJEC Drama, you must be able to speak and write about theatre using precise terminology. This bilingual guide lists the most essential terms for acting, directing, design and analysis, with each English explanation immediately followed by its Chinese equivalent. Use it to test yourself, revise for exams and improve your performance evaluations.
要在 WJEC 戏剧考试中取得好成绩，你必须能用准确的术语来谈论和撰写戏剧。这份双语指南列出了表演、导演、设计和分析中最关键的词汇，每条英文解释后紧跟中文对应。用它来自我检测、考前复习并提升你的演出评析能力。
1. Acting Techniques | 表演技巧术语
Given Circumstances: The specific details of a character’s world—who, what, when, where, why—that shape every action and choice on stage.
规定情境： 角色世界的具体细节——人物、事件、时间、地点、原因——它们影响着舞台上的每一个动作和选择。
Subtext: The underlying meaning beneath the spoken dialogue; what a character really thinks or feels but does not say aloud.
潜台词： 台词表面之下的深层含义；角色真正所想或所感却未说出口的内容。
Objective: What a character wants to achieve in a scene, guiding their tactics and reactions moment by moment.
角色目标： 角色在一场戏中想要达成的目的，时刻指引着他们的策略和反应。
Inner Monologue: The continuous stream of thoughts that runs through a character’s mind, helping actors sustain truthfulness between lines.
内心独白： 贯穿角色脑海的持续思绪流，帮助演员在台词之间保持真实感。
2. Vocal Skills | 声音技巧术语
Projection: The ability to make the voice carry to the entire audience without shouting, using breath support and resonance.
声音投射： 不靠喊叫而让声音清晰传递到所有观众的能力，依赖气息支持和共鸣。
Pitch: The highness or lowness of the voice; varying pitch can indicate emotion, age or status.
音高： 声音的高低；变化音高可以表达情绪、年龄或身份地位。
Pace: The speed at which lines are delivered; a rapid pace may suggest urgency, while a slow pace can create tension or reflection.
语速： 说台词的速度；快语速可能暗示紧迫，慢语速则能营造紧张或沉思感。
Inflection: The rise and fall of the voice within a line; upward inflection can suggest a question, downward inflection a command.
语调变化： 句子里声音的升降；升调可能表示疑问，降调则像是命令。
Pause: A deliberate silence used to create dramatic effect, highlight a shift in thought or build anticipation.
停顿： 有意的沉默，用于制造戏剧效果、强调思维转变或累积期待。
3. Physical Skills | 身体技巧术语
Gesture: A movement of part of the body, especially the hands or arms, to communicate meaning or emotion.
手势： 身体局部（尤其是手或臂）的动作，用以传达含义或情绪。
Posture: The way a character holds their body; an upright posture may signal confidence, while a slumped posture can suggest defeat.
体态： 角色保持身体的方式；挺拔的体态可能表示自信，而蜷缩的体态则暗示挫败。
Facial Expression: The use of the face—eyes, mouth, brows—to reveal a character’s inner feelings without words.
面部表情： 运用脸部——眼、嘴、眉——不靠言语透露角色内心感受。
Proxemics: The use of distance between characters on stage to show relationships, intimacy, power or conflict.
空间关系： 舞台上角色之间距离的运用，以展现关系、亲密、权力或冲突。
Levels: Using different heights (standing, sitting, lying down) to create visual interest and communicate status.
形体层次： 使用不同高度（站立、坐、躺）来创造视觉趣味并传达地位。
4. Stage Directions & Areas | 舞台方位与区域
Upstage: The area of the stage furthest from the audience. Moving upstage can draw attention to another actor.
后舞台： 离观众最远的舞台区域。向后舞台移动可以把注意力引向另一位演员。
Downstage: The area closest to the audience. Playing downstage often makes a moment more intimate.
前舞台： 最靠近观众的区域。在前舞台表演往往让瞬间更亲切。
Stage Right / Stage Left: Directions given from the actor’s perspective when facing the audience; stage left is the actor’s left.
舞台右侧 / 舞台左侧： 演员面对观众时的方位；舞台左侧是演员的左手边。
Proscenium Arch: A traditional framed stage where the audience looks through a “picture frame” opening.
镜框式舞台： 传统的有框舞台，观众透过一个“画框”开口观看。
Thrust Stage: A stage that extends into the audience, with spectators on three sides.
伸出式舞台： 延伸至观众席中的舞台，三面都有观众。
Traverse: A stage with audience sitting on two opposite sides, like a catwalk.
双面舞台： 观众分坐在两侧的舞台，仿佛一条走道。
5. Lighting Terminology | 灯光术语
Blackout: The sudden switching off of all stage lights, usually to signal the end of a scene or a dramatic pause.
暗场： 所有舞台灯瞬间熄灭，通常表示一场戏结束或戏剧性的停顿。
Fade: A gradual increase (fade up) or decrease (fade down) in lighting intensity, often used to shift mood or time.
渐明 / 渐暗： 灯光强度逐渐增强或减弱，常用于转换情绪或时间。
Gel: A heat-resistant coloured filter placed in front of a lantern to change the colour of the light beam.
色纸： 放在灯具前的耐热彩色滤镜，用来改变光束色彩。
Gobo: A thin metal template inserted into a spotlight to project patterns such as leaves, windows or logos.
图案片： 插入聚光灯的薄金属模板，可投射出树叶、窗户或标志等图案。
Flood: A lantern that produces a broad, soft-edged beam of light used to wash large areas of the stage.
泛光灯： 产生宽阔、边缘柔和的光束的灯具，用来铺染大面积舞台。
6. Sound & Music Terminology | 音效与音乐术语
Diegetic Sound: Sound that comes from within the world of the play, such as a telephone ringing; characters can hear it.
剧情内音效： 来自戏剧世界的内部声音，例如电话铃响；角色能够听到。
Non-diegetic Sound: Sound added for the audience only, like underscore or narration; characters do not hear it.
剧情外音效： 仅为观众添加的声音，如配乐或旁白；角色听不到。
Underscore: Quiet music played beneath dialogue to reinforce atmosphere or emotion without distracting from speech.
衬底音乐： 在台词下方轻声播放的音乐，用以强化氛围或情绪，但不干扰对白。
Sound Cue: A pre-recorded or live sound effect triggered at a precise moment in performance.
音效提示： 在演出中精确时刻触发的预录或现场音效。
Amplification: The use of microphones and speakers to make voices or instruments louder and clearer.
扩音： 使用麦克风和音箱使声音或乐器更响亮清晰。
7. Set & Props | 布景与道具
Set: The physical surroundings on stage, including walls, platforms, steps and any large structures that define the location.
布景： 舞台上的实体环境，包括墙壁、平台、台阶等界定地点的大型结构。
Prop (Properties): Any object handled by actors on stage, from a letter to a sword.
道具： 演员在舞台上拿取的任何物品，从一封信到一把剑。
Cyclorama: A large curved backdrop, usually white or pale, used to create sky effects or silhouette lighting.
天幕： 大型弧形背景幕，通常为白色或浅色，用来制造天空效果或剪影灯光。
Flat: A lightweight wooden frame covered with canvas or plywood, painted and used to construct walls on stage.
景片： 木质轻框覆以帆布或胶合板，上色后用来在舞台上搭建墙体。
Revolve: A motorised or manually turned circular platform on the stage floor that allows quick scene changes.
转台： 舞台地板上电动或手动旋转的圆形平台，可快速实现换景。
8. Costume, Hair & Make-up | 服装、发型与化妆
Costume: The clothes worn by an actor to indicate character, period, social status, and personality.
服装： 演员穿着的衣物，用来体现角色、时代、社会地位和个性。
Period Costume: Clothing that accurately reflects a particular historical era.
时代服装： 准确反映特定历史时期的衣着。
Stylised Costume: Clothing that exaggerates features through colour, shape or pattern to create a symbolic or abstract effect.
风格化服装： 通过色彩、形状或图案夸大特征的衣着，用来营造象征性或抽象效果。
Make-up: Products applied to the face and body to highlight features, show age, or create special effects like wounds.
化妆： 涂抹在面部和身体的产品，用以突出特征、表现年龄或制造伤口等特效。
Quick Change: A rapid costume or make-up transformation, often achieved with the help of dressers backstage.
快速换装： 迅速的服装或化妆转变，通常借助后台换装员完成。
9. Directing & Blocking | 导演与舞台调度
Blocking: The planned movement and positioning of actors on stage, recorded in the prompt script.
舞台调度： 演员在舞台上有计划地移动和站位，记录在剧本提示中。
Stage Picture: The visual composition created by the arrangement of actors, set and lighting at any given moment.
舞台画面： 由演员布局、布景和灯光在任一时刻构成的视觉构图。
Fourth Wall: The imaginary wall between the stage and the audience; breaking it means speaking directly to the spectators.
第四面墙： 舞台与观众之间的无形之墙；打破它意味着直接对观众说话。
Dramatic Irony: When the audience understands more about a situation than the characters on stage do, creating tension or humour.
戏剧性反讽： 观众比舞台上的角色更了解局势，从而产生紧张感或幽默效果。
Focus: Directing the audience’s attention to a specific character, action or stage area through lighting, blocking or contrast.
焦点： 通过灯光、调度或对比将观众的注意力引向特定角色、动作或舞台区域。
10. Analytical & Evaluative Language | 分析与评价语言
Tension: A sense of strained suspense or anxiety built through conflict, pace or stillness.
张力： 通过冲突、节奏或静止营造出的紧绷悬疑或焦虑感。
Climax: The moment of highest intensity and turning point in a drama, when the major conflict reaches its peak.
高潮： 戏剧中强度最高的时刻和转折点，主要冲突达到顶点。
Atmosphere: The overall mood or feeling of a scene, created through a combination of sound, lighting, performance and set.
氛围： 一场戏的整体情绪或感觉，由音效、灯光、表演和布景共同营造。
Symbolism: When an object, colour, or action stands for a larger idea, adding deeper meaning to the performance.
象征： 当物品、颜色或动作代表更宏大的观念，为演出增添深层含义。
Contrast: The deliberate placement of opposite elements—such as light/dark, loud/quiet, fast/slow—to highlight change or conflict.
对比： 有意并置相反元素（如明/暗、喧闹/安静、快/慢），以凸显变化或冲突。
Published by TutorHao | Drama Revision Series | aleveler.com
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