Common Mistakes in SQA French and How to Fix Them | SQA法语常见误区与纠正方法

📚 Common Mistakes in SQA French and How to Fix Them | SQA法语常见误区与纠正方法

For Year 12 SQA French learners, the jump to Higher level brings a new set of challenges. Even students with strong foundations can lose marks because of recurring, entirely avoidable errors. This guide pinpoints the most common pitfalls in grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation and exam technique, and shows you exactly how to correct them. Read on to make these corrections part of your active toolkit.

对于学习SQA法语Year 12（相当于Higher）的学生来说，进入更高阶段会带来一系列新挑战。即使基础扎实的学生，也可能因为一些反复出现的、完全可以避免的错误而丢分。本文精准梳理了语法、词汇、发音和考试技巧中最常见的误区，并告诉你如何一一纠正。请仔细阅读，将这些修正方法纳入你的主动技能库。

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1. Gender Confusion | 名词性别的混淆

One of the most persistent errors is getting the gender of a noun wrong. For example, students often say ‘le table’ instead of ‘la table’, or write ‘une problème’ when it must be ‘un problème’. In SQA writing and speaking, an incorrect article or adjective agreement triggered by the wrong gender will cost you accuracy marks every time.

最顽固的错误之一是弄错名词的性别。例如，学生常说 ‘le table’ 而不是正确的 ‘la table’，或者写 ‘une problème’，但应该是 ‘un problème’。在SQA写作和口语中，由错误性别引发的冠词或形容词配合失误，每次都会扣掉准确性分数。

To fix this, always learn a new noun together with its definite article: ‘la table’, ‘le problème’, ‘une idée’, ‘un avion’. Pay special attention to endings: nouns ending in -tion, -sion, -té are almost always feminine (la nation, la télévision, la beauté), while -age, -ment, -eau tend to be masculine (le fromage, le gouvernement, le bateau). Make a habit of colour-coding nouns in your vocabulary notebook and test yourself with flashcards that show the article on one side.

纠正方法是学习新名词时，务必连同定冠词一起记忆：’la table’、’le problème’、’une idée’、’un avion’。特别注意词尾：以 -tion、-sion、-té 结尾的名词几乎总是阴性（la nation、la télévision、la beauté），而以 -age、-ment、-eau 结尾的通常为阳性（le fromage、le gouvernement、le bateau）。养成在词汇本上用颜色区分名词性别的习惯，并用一面显示冠词的闪卡进行自测。

In the SQA writing paper, before submitting, scan every noun and check its article. If you have used an adjective, make sure it agrees. Never assume a noun’s gender from English – ‘la mer’ (sea) is feminine, but ‘le fleuve’ (river) is masculine. Consistent drilling of high-frequency nouns is the only reliable path to mastery.

在SQA写作考试中，交卷前快速扫描每一个名词，检查其冠词。如果使用了形容词，确保性数一致。永远不要从英语推测名词的性别——’la mer’（海）是阴性，但 ‘le fleuve’（河流）却是阳性。系统性地反复操练高频名词，是通向掌握的唯一可靠途径。

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2. Adjective Agreement | 形容词性数配合

Learners frequently forget to make adjectives agree in gender and number with the noun they describe. A sentence like ‘Elle est intelligent’ is instantly penalised in SQA assessments. The correct form is ‘Elle est intelligente’, with an extra -e because the subject is feminine.

学生经常忘记让形容词的性数与所修饰的名词保持一致。像 ‘Elle est intelligent’ 这样的句子在SQA考试中会被立刻扣分。正确的形式是 ‘Elle est intelligente’，因为主语为阴性，需要添加词尾 -e。

Memorise the basic rules: add -e for feminine singular (grand → grande), -s for masculine plural (grands), and -es for feminine plural (grandes). However, many adjectives are irregular. Common ones include beau/belle, vieux/vieille, fou/folle, and those ending in -eux, which change to -euse (heureux → heureuse). Adjectives like ‘public’ become ‘publique’, and ‘complet’ becomes ‘complète’. A dedicated list of SQA-friendly irregular adjectives should be practised in writing tasks multiple times before the exam.

牢记基本规则：阴性单数加 -e（grand → grande），阳性复数加 -s（grands），阴性复数加 -es（grandes）。但很多形容词是不规则变化。常见的包括 beau/belle、vieux/vieille、fou/folle，以及以 -eux 结尾的变成 -euse（heureux → heureuse）。像 ‘public’ 变成 ‘publique’，’complet’ 变成 ‘complète’ 等。应当把一份专为SQA整理的不规则形容词清单，在考前反复用于写作任务中进行练习。

Also, beware of adjectives that precede the noun, like ‘beau’, ‘nouveau’, ‘vieux’. They change form before a masculine noun starting with a vowel or mute h: ‘un bel homme’, ‘un nouvel ami’, ‘un vieil arbre’. In speaking assessments, use these correctly to demonstrate higher-level accuracy.

同样要注意前置形容词，如 ‘beau’、’nouveau’、’vieux’。它们在以元音或哑音 h 开头的阳性名词前会变形：’un bel homme’、’un nouvel ami’、’un vieil arbre’。在口语评估中正确使用这些形式，能展示更高水平的准确性。

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3. Irregular Verb Conjugations | 不规则动词变位

Common irregular verbs such as aller, faire, être, avoir, pouvoir and vouloir are used in almost every SQA task. Yet candidates repeatedly write ‘je aller’ instead of ‘je vais’, or ‘nous faisez’ for ‘nous faisons’. The issue is not just the present tense – the future and conditional stems of these verbs are also irregular (j’irai, je pourrai, je voudrais) and are tested regularly.

常见的不规则动词如 aller、faire、être、avoir、pouvoir 和 vouloir 几乎出现在每一个SQA任务中。但考生仍反复写出 ‘je aller’ 而非 ‘je vais’，或 ‘nous faisez’ 而非 ‘nous faisons’。问题不仅在于现在时——这些动词的将来时和条件式词干同样不规则（j’irai、je pourrai、je voudrais），并且经常被考查。

The best correction strategy is to isolate the most troublesome verbs and conjugate them aloud every day for a week: present, imperfect, future, conditional and perfect. Focus on the ‘nous’ and ‘vous’ forms, which are often overlooked. Create a small table for each verb showing its radical changes. For instance, venir: je viens, tu viens, il vient, nous venons, vous venez, ils viennent – note the single ‘n’ in the singular and double ‘n’ in the plural. Such patterns reduce errors dramatically.

最好的纠正策略是挑出最让你头疼的动词，连续一周每天大声进行变位：现在时、未完成过去时、将来时、条件式和复合过去时。重点关注常被忽略的 ‘nous’ 和 ‘vous’ 形式。为每个动词制作一个小表格，展示词干变化。例如 venir：je viens, tu viens, il vient, nous venons, vous venez, ils viennent – 注意单数中是一个 ‘n’，复数中是双 ‘n’。这类规律能大幅减少错误。

For the perfect tense, a common error is using the wrong auxiliary: some verbs take être, not avoir. Drill the ‘Dr & Mrs Vandertramp’ verbs (aller, venir, arriver, partir, monter, descendre, etc.) and always check for agreement of the past participle when être is the auxiliary: ‘elle est allée’. In SQA reading comprehension, a missed auxiliary can change the whole meaning, so treat this as a non-negotiable revision point.

在复合过去时中，一个常见错误是用错助动词：有些动词用 être 而非 avoir。反复操练 ‘Dr & Mrs Vandertramp’ 系列动词（aller、venir、arriver、partir、monter、descendre 等），并当助动词为 être 时，务必检查过去分词的性数配合：’elle est allée’。在SQA阅读理解中，错过一个助动词可能完全改变意思，因此请将此视为不可妥协的复习要点。

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4. Passé Composé vs. Imparfait | 复合过去时与未完成过去时

Choosing between the perfect (passé composé) and imperfect (imparfait) tenses is one of the most heavily weighted grammatical decisions in SQA writing. A typical mistake is using imparfait for a one-off, completed action: ‘Hier, je regardais un film’ instead of ‘Hier, j’ai regardé un film’. Conversely, students overuse the perfect for background description: ‘Il faisait beau, j’ai été content’ sounds unnatural; the correct version is ‘Il faisait beau, j’étais content’.

在复合过去时（passé composé）和未完成过去时（imparfait）之间做出选择，是SQA写作中权重最高的语法决策之一。一个典型错误是用未完成过去时表示一次性完成的动作：’Hier, je regardais un film’，而正确的应是 ‘Hier, j’ai regardé un film’。反过来，学生又会在背景描述中过度使用复合过去时：’Il faisait beau, j’ai été content’ 听起来不自然；正确的版本是 ‘Il faisait beau, j’étais content’。

Adopt a rule-of-thumb distinction: passé composé answers ‘what happened?’ (a specific event, a sequence of actions), while imparfait answers ‘what was going on?’ (description, habitual action, ongoing state). To practise, write a short paragraph about a past holiday. First describe the weather and your feelings using imparfait, then narrate three specific things you did using passé composé. This conscious separation trains your instinct for exams.

采用一条经验法则：复合过去时回答 ‘发生了什么？’（具体事件、一连串动作），而未完成过去时回答 ‘当时情况如何？’（描述、习惯性动作、持续状态）。练习时，写一小段关于过去假期的短文。先用未完成过去时描述天气和你的感受，然后用复合过去时叙述你做的三件具体事情。这种有意识的分隔能训练考试所需的本能反应。

Watch out for verbs that change meaning in these tenses: ‘savoir’ in imperfect means ‘knew’, while in perfect it often means ‘found out’ (J’ai su la vérité). ‘Avoir’ in imperfect can express an ongoing state (J’avais faim), while in perfect it marks a specific instance (J’ai eu peur). Such nuances appear both in Directed Writing and in the translation passage, so they are worth mastering.

留心意在这两种时态中含义会发生变化的动词：’savoir’ 的未完成过去时表示 ‘知道’，而复合过去时常表示 ‘得知’（J’ai su la vérité）。’Avoir’ 的未完成过去时可表达持续状态（J’avais faim），而复合过去时则标记具体时刻的体验（J’ai eu peur）。这类细微差别在定向写作和翻译段落中都会出现，因此值得掌握。

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5. The Subjunctive Mood | 虚拟式

Many SQA candidates avoid the subjunctive altogether, missing opportunities to show advanced grammar. Others overuse it or trigger it incorrectly – ‘Je pense qu’il soit’ is wrong because ‘penser que’ in the affirmative takes the indicative: ‘Je pense qu’il est’. The subjunctive is required after expressions of doubt, necessity, emotion and certain conjunctions, but only when the subject changes between clauses.

许多SQA考生完全回避虚拟式，错失了展示高阶语法的机会。另一些考生则过度使用或错误触发虚拟式——比如 ‘Je pense qu’il soit’ 是错误的，因为 ‘penser que’ 在肯定句中接直陈式：’Je pense qu’il est’。虚拟式用于表达怀疑、必要性、情感的短语之后，以及某些连词之后，但前提是从句主语发生改变。

Create a trigger list: ‘bien que’, ‘pour que’, ‘avant que’, ‘jusqu’à ce que’, ‘quoi que’, ‘ce n’est pas que’. Also learn the common impersonal expressions: ‘il faut que’, ‘il est essentiel que’, ‘il est dommage que’. Practice transforming sentences: ‘Il doit venir’ → ‘Il faut qu’il vienne’. For SQA essays, aim to include two or three well-placed subjunctives. The verbs ‘aller’, ‘faire’, ‘être’ and ‘avoir’ have irregular subjunctive forms (que j’aille, que je fasse, que je sois, que j’aie) and using them accurately impresses examiners.

制作一张触发词清单：’bien que’、’pour que’、’avant que’、’jusqu’à ce que’、’quoi que’、’ce n’est pas que’。同时学习常见的无人称表达：’il faut que’、’il est essentiel que’、’il est dommage que’。做转换练习：’Il doit venir’ → ‘Il faut qu’il vienne’。在SQA写作中，力求加入两三个恰当的虚拟式。动词 ‘aller’、’faire’、’être’ 和 ‘avoir’ 的虚拟式变位不规则（que j’aille、que je fasse、que je sois、que j’aie），准确使用它们会给考官留下深刻印象。

A very frequent mistake is forgetting that the past subjunctive is needed when the main clause is in a past tense: ‘Je regrettais qu’il ne vienne pas’ should be ‘Je regrettais qu’il ne soit pas venu’. Similarly, in spoken assessment, you can demonstrate control by saying ‘Je suis content que tu aies réussi’. But never force a subjunctive where the indicative is required, especially after ‘après que’, which takes the indicative.

一个极其常见的错误是忘记当主句为过去时态时，从句需要用过去虚拟式：’Je regrettais qu’il ne vienne pas’ 应改为 ‘Je regrettais qu’il ne soit pas venu’。同样，在口语评估中，说 ‘Je suis content que tu aies réussi’ 可以展示掌控力。但切勿在应该用直陈式的地方生搬硬套虚拟式，尤其是 ‘après que’ 之后，它要求使用直陈式。

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6. Pronouns ‘en’ and ‘y’ | 代词 en 和 y

The adverbial pronouns ‘en’ and ‘y’ are small but mighty sources of error. ‘En’ replaces a noun introduced by ‘de’ (or a partitive article), while ‘y’ replaces a location or a clause introduced by ‘à’. Students frequently confuse them, writing ‘J’y ai besoin’ instead of ‘J’en ai besoin’, or ‘Je vais en France’ instead of ‘J’y vais’. In SQA speaking, a misplaced ‘en’ or ‘y’ can break the flow of an otherwise strong answer.

副代词 ‘en’ 和 ‘y’ 虽小，却是强大的错误来源。’En’ 替代由 ‘de’ 引导的名词（或部分冠词），而 ‘y’ 替代地点或由 ‘à’ 引导的从句。学生常将它们混淆，写出 ‘J’y ai besoin’ 而非正确的 ‘J’en ai besoin’，或 ‘Je vais en France’ 而非 ‘J’y vais’。在SQA口语中，一个用错位置的 ‘en’ 或 ‘y’ 会打断原本流畅的回答。

Remember: ‘en’ = some of it/them, of it, from there. ‘Y’ = there, to it, in it. For example, ‘Tu as du pain ? – Oui, j’en ai.’ and ‘Tu vas à la bibliothèque ? – Oui, j’y vais.’ Drill the set phrases that take ‘en’ or ‘y’ automatically: ‘s’en aller’, ‘en avoir marre’, ‘y compris’, ‘il y a’. When a verb is followed by ‘à’ + thing, use ‘y’; when followed by ‘de’ + thing, use ‘en’. But for people, use the indirect object pronouns (lui, leur) – ‘Je pense à mon ami’ becomes ‘Je pense à lui’, not ‘J’y pense’.

记住：’en’ = 一些（东西）、关于此、从那里。’Y’ = 在那里、到那里、对此。例如：’Tu as du pain ? – Oui, j’en ai.’ 和 ‘Tu vas à la bibliothèque ? – Oui, j’y vais.’ 反复操练那些自带 ‘en’ 或 ‘y’ 的固定短语：’s’en aller’、’en avoir marre’、’y compris’、’il y a’。当动词后接 ‘à’ + 事物时，用 ‘y’；后接 ‘de’ + 事物时，用 ‘en’。但涉及人时，使用间接宾语代词（lui、leur）——’Je pense à mon ami’ 变成 ‘Je pense à lui’，而不是 ‘J’y pense’。

Practice rewriting sentences to include these pronouns. For the writing exam, incorporate them into your directed writing response: ‘J’y suis allé(e) l’année dernière et j’en garde de bons souvenirs.’ This simple sentence demonstrates confident use of both pronouns. In listening tasks, be alert to ‘en’ and ‘y’ because they often carry the critical information needed to answer a question.

做改写句子的练习，加入这些代词。在写作考试中，把它们植入你的定向写作答复中：’J’y suis allé(e) l’année dernière et j’en garde de bons souvenirs.’ 这个简单的句子自信地展示了两个代词的用法。在听力任务中，要对 ‘en’ 和 ‘y’ 保持警惕，因为它们往往承载着解题所需的关键信息。

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7. Order of Object Pronouns | 宾语代词顺序

When multiple object pronouns appear before a verb, the order is fixed. A frequent blunder is writing ‘Je le lui donne’ as ‘Je lui le donne’. In fact, the correct sequence is me/te/se/nous/vous → le/la/les → lui/leur → y → en. This is one of the most technical points in SQA Higher French, and errors here signal a lack of grammatical control.

当多个宾语代词出现在动词前时，顺序是固定的。一个常见的错误是把 ‘Je le lui donne’ 写成 ‘Je lui le donne’。实际上，正确的顺序是 me/te/se/nous/vous → le/la/les → lui/leur → y → en。这是SQA Higher法语中最具技术性的考点之一，此处的错误表明语法控制力不足。

To internalise the order, use a mnemonic like ‘My Turtle Loves Your Lazy Elephant’ (me, te, le, la, l’, les, lui, leur, y, en) though you must adjust slightly. Practise with simple transformations: ‘Il donne le livre à Marie’ → ‘Il le lui donne’. In negative constructions, the pronouns stay before the verb despite ‘ne’: ‘Il ne le lui donne pas’. If the sentence contains an infinitive, the pronouns move before the infinitive: ‘Il va le lui donner’.

为了牢记顺序，可以使用记忆术，例如制作一张顺序表口头操练。通过简单的转换练习：’Il donne le livre à Marie’ → ‘Il le lui donne’。在否定结构中，代词依然放在动词前，尽管有 ‘ne’：’Il ne le lui donne pas’。如果句子含有不定式，代词要移到不定式前：’Il va le lui donner’。

In SQA writing, you are not expected to produce long chains of pronouns in every sentence, but you must be able to handle two together correctly. Use them in the longer essay to add syntactic variety: ‘Il me l’a expliqué.’ A safe method is to practise with common verbs like ‘donner’, ‘dire’, and ‘envoyer’ until the pattern becomes automatic.

在SQA写作中，并不要求在每句话里都堆砌长串代词，但你必须能正确处理两个代词连用的情况。在长篇写作中使用它们，可以增加句法多样性：’Il me l’a expliqué.’ 一个稳妥的方法是用 ‘donner’、’dire’ 和 ‘envoyer’ 等常用动词反复练习，直到这一顺序成为自动反应。

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8. Negation Structures | 否定结构

While ‘ne…pas’ is well known, more complex negations like ‘ne…jamais’, ‘ne…rien’, ‘ne…personne’, and ‘ne…plus’ are often mishandled. A classic error is placing ‘rien’ or ‘personne’ in the wrong position: ‘Je n’ai pas rien vu’ should be ‘Je n’ai rien vu’. Furthermore, in compound tenses, ‘personne’ and ‘rien’ follow the past participle: ‘Je n’ai vu personne’, not ‘Je n’ai personne vu’.

虽然 ‘ne…pas’ 已为人熟知，但更复杂的否定结构如 ‘ne…jamais’、’ne…rien’、’ne…personne’ 和 ‘ne…plus’ 常常处理不当。一个典型的错误是把 ‘rien’ 或 ‘personne’ 放错位置：’Je n’ai pas rien vu’ 应为 ‘Je n’ai rien vu’。此外，在复合时态中，’personne’ 和 ‘rien’ 跟在过去分词后面：’Je n’ai vu personne’，而不是 ‘Je n’ai personne vu’。

Pay attention to the disappearance of ‘pas’ when using ‘rien’ or ‘jamais’: ‘Je ne fume pas’ vs ‘Je ne fume jamais’. The second does not need ‘pas’. Similarly, ‘ne…que’ (only) follows the verb position rules: ‘Je n’ai que deux euros.’ In speaking exams, students often forget the ‘ne’ in casual conversation; while omitting ‘ne’ is common in spoken French, in an SQA assessment you are expected to produce standard, monitored speech – so always include the ‘ne’.

注意当使用 ‘rien’ 或 ‘jamais’ 时，’pas’ 要去掉：’Je ne fume pas’ 对比 ‘Je ne fume jamais’。后者不需要 ‘pas’。同样，’ne…que’（仅仅）遵循动词位置规则：’Je n’ai que deux euros.’。在口语考试中，学生常在随意对话里忘记 ‘ne’；虽然口语中省略 ‘ne’ 很常见，但在SQA评估中，考官期望你使用标准的、经过监控的语言——因此务必保留 ‘ne’。

For the written paper, mastering the negative of reflexive verbs is crucial: ‘Je ne me suis pas souvenu’ (note the auxiliary ‘être’ and the past participle agreement). A drill table showing positive, simple negative, negative with ‘jamais’, ‘rien’, ‘plus’, and ‘personne’ for both simple and compound tenses will clear up most confusions.

对于书面考试，掌握代动词的否定形式至关重要：’Je ne me suis pas souvenu’（注意助动词 ‘être’ 以及过去分词的配合）。制作一张练习表，呈现肯定式、简单否定式，以及分别与 ‘jamais’、’rien’、’plus’、’personne’ 搭配的否定式，涵盖简单时态和复合时态，这样能扫清大部分困惑。

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9. Relative Pronouns qui, que, dont | 关系代词 qui、que、dont

The relative pronouns ‘qui’ (subject), ‘que’ (direct object) and ‘dont’ (replaces ‘de’ + noun) are frequently confused. A sentence like ‘La femme que parle’ is wrong because ‘qui’ is needed as the subject of ‘parle’. Conversely, ‘Le livre qui j’ai lu’ should be ‘Le livre que j’ai lu’ because it is the object of ‘lu’. Dont is avoided by many learners, leading to clumsy phrasing.

关系代词 ‘qui’（主语）、’que’（直接宾语）和 ‘dont’（代替 ‘de’ + 名词）经常被混淆。像 ‘La femme que parle’ 这样的句子是错误的，因为 ‘parle’ 的主语需要 ‘qui’。反过来，’Le livre qui j’ai lu’ 应改为 ‘Le livre que j’ai lu’，因为它是 ‘lu’ 的宾语。许多学习者回避使用 ‘dont’，导致表达生硬。

A simple check: if the next word is a verb with no other subject, use ‘qui’. If the next word is a subject pronoun (je, tu, il…) then ‘que’ is usually correct (because the verb already has a subject). For ‘dont’, think of verbs that take ‘de’: ‘avoir besoin de’ → ‘le stylo dont j’ai besoin’; ‘parler de’ → ‘le film dont je parle’. The trap is that English often uses ‘that’ or ‘which’ for all, so conscious French-to-French substitution is essential.

一个简单的检查方法：如果关系代词后面的词是动词且没有别的主语，就用 ‘qui’。如果后面紧跟着主语人称代词（je、tu、il……），那么通常用 ‘que’（因为动词已有主语）。对于 ‘dont’，想想那些带 ‘de’ 的动词：’avoir besoin de’ → ‘le stylo dont j’ai besoin’；’parler de’ → ‘le film dont je parle’。陷阱在于英语里一律用 ‘that’ 或 ‘which’，所以必须有意识地进行法语对法语的替换。

Also remember the compound form ‘lequel/laquelle’ used after prepositions other than ‘de’: ‘la table sur laquelle j’ai posé le livre’. But ‘dont’ replaces ‘de + laquelle’, so ‘la maison de laquelle je rêve’ should be ‘la maison dont je rêve’. In SQA reading, being able to correctly interpret ‘dont’ can unlock understanding of a whole paragraph. Practise by writing a chain of descriptive sentences using each relative pronoun correctly.

还要记得复合形式 ‘lequel/laquelle’，用于除 ‘de’ 以外的介词之后：’la table sur laquelle j’ai posé le livre’。但 ‘dont’ 可以替代 ‘de + laquelle’，因此 ‘la maison de laquelle je rêve’ 应写成 ‘la maison dont je rêve’。在SQA阅读中，正确理解 ‘dont’ 有助于读懂整段话。通过写一连串描述性句子，正确使用每一个关系代词来进行练习。

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10. False Friends and Anglicisms | 假朋友与英语化错误

False friends are words that look similar in French and English but have different meanings. Relying on them creates embarrassing mistakes: ‘actuellement’ means ‘currently’, not ‘actually’; ‘éventuellement’ means ‘possibly’, not ‘eventually’; ‘sensible’ means ‘sensitive’, not ‘sensible’. In an SQA essay, such errors can distort your entire argument.

假朋友是指法语和英语中形似但含义不同的词。依赖它们会酿成尴尬的错误：’actuellement’ 的意思是 ‘目前’，而非 ‘actually’；’éventuellement’ 的意思是 ‘可能’，而非 ‘eventually’；’sensible’ 的意思是 ‘敏感的’，而非 ‘sensible’。在SQA写作中，这类错误可能扭曲整个论点。

Compile a personal list of the most dangerous false friends encountered in SQA past papers: ‘librairie’ (bookshop, not library), ‘déception’ (disappointment), ‘caractère’ (character/personality), ‘prétendre’ (to claim), ‘travailler’ (to work, not travel). Test yourself by writing sentences in French that would be incorrect if the English meaning were used. For example, ‘Il a travaillé toute la journée’ correctly means ‘He worked all day’ – never confuse it with travelling.

整理一份个人清单，列出在SQA历年试卷中最危险的假朋友：’librairie’（书店，不是图书馆）、’déception’（失望）、’caractère’（性格/特征）、’prétendre’（声称）、’travailler’（工作，不是旅行）。通过写法语句子来测试自己，这些句子如果采用英语含义就会出错。例如，’Il a travaillé toute la journée’ 正确含义是 ‘他工作了一整天’——切勿与旅行混淆。

Anglicisms are another pitfall: directly translating English idioms or structures produces unnatural French. ‘Je suis 16 ans’ is wrong; it must be ‘J’ai 16 ans’. ‘Cela fait sens’ is a direct copy of ‘That makes sense’, but the French is ‘Cela a du sens’. For the SQA translation exercise, train yourself to think in French chunks rather than word-for-word. Read authentic French texts to internalise natural phrasing, and avoid English-sounding expressions like ‘à la fin de la journée’ (instead use ‘en fin de compte’ for ‘at the end of the day’ figuratively).

英语化表达是另一个陷阱：直接翻译英语习语或结构会产出不自然的法语。’Je suis 16 ans’ 错误，必须是 ‘J’ai 16 ans’。’Cela fait sens’ 完全照搬 ‘That makes sense’，法语应为 ‘Cela a du sens’。针对SQA翻译题，训练自己用法语词组思考，而不是逐词对译。阅读原版法语材料，内化自然的表达方式，避免使用听起来像英语的表达，如 ‘à la fin de la journée’（字面），表示 ‘归根结底’ 时用 ‘en fin de compte’。

Published by TutorHao | French Revision Series | aleveler.com

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