Literary Terminology: A Quick Memorisation Guide | 词汇术语速记指南

📚 Literary Terminology: A Quick Memorisation Guide | 词汇术语速记指南

Welcome to TutorHao’s quick memorisation guide to essential literary terminology, specifically tailored for Year 13 WJEC English Literature. Mastering these terms will sharpen your analytical skills in unseen extracts and deepen your engagement with set texts. Each term is presented with a clear definition in English, followed immediately by a Chinese translation and a mnemonic tip, making retention effortless.

欢迎阅读 TutorHao 为 Year 13 WJEC 英语文学考试定制的文学术语速记指南。掌握这些术语能显著提升你对陌生文本的分析能力，并加深你对必读作品的理解。每个术语都先给出清晰的英文定义，紧接着是中文翻译和助记窍门，帮助你在短时间内牢固记忆。

---

1. Sound Patterns in Verse | 诗句中的音韵模式

Alliteration is the repetition of initial consonant sounds in words placed close together. It creates rhythm, emphasis and a sense of cohesion. Remember ‘All initial letters together’.

头韵是指相邻单词开头的辅音重复。它营造节奏、强调并产生凝聚感。助记窍门：想象所有开头的辅音字母‘同声相应’。

Assonance describes the repetition of internal vowel sounds within words, such as ‘deep green sea’. It adds musicality and can unify a line. Think ‘A song of vowels’.

腹韵（元音叠韵）指单词内部元音的重复，如’deep green sea’。它增添音乐性并能使诗行和谐。助记：’assonance’ 中含 ‘son’（声音），元音之歌。

Sibilance is a specific form of alliteration that repeats ‘s’, ‘sh’, ‘ch’ and soft ‘c’ sounds, producing a hissing effect. It often conveys secrecy or tension. Picture a snake: ‘ssss’

咝音是头韵的一种特殊形式，重复’s’、’sh’、’ch’和软’c’音，制造嘶嘶声效果，常暗示隐秘或紧张。助记：想象蛇的嘶嘶声’ssss’。

Consonance involves the repetition of consonant sounds at the end or middle of words, not necessarily the initial sound. It subtly links ideas without strong rhythmic punch. Think ‘consonant echo’

辅音叠韵指词尾或词中辅音的重复，不限于词首。它不刻意制造节奏感，却微妙地连接意象。助记：’consonance’ 如同 ‘consonant’（辅音）在深处的回声。

---

2. Rhyme and Metre | 押韵与格律

End rhyme occurs when the final syllables of two or more lines rhyme. It creates musical closure and can structure a poem. Most readers naturally listen for it.

尾韵发生在两行或多行诗句末尾音节押韵时。它制造音乐收束感，并构建诗歌结构。读者往往自然期待尾韵出现。

Internal rhyme places rhyming words within the same line, quickening pace and heightening intensity. Think Poe’s ‘Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary’ – ‘dreary’ and ‘weary’

行内韵将押韵词放在同一行内部，能加快节奏并增强紧张感。如爱伦·坡的诗行中’dreary’和’weary’一样。记住：韵脚在行内跳跃。

Iambic pentameter consists of five iambs (an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable) per line. It mirrors natural English speech and dominates Shakespearean drama. Count ‘da-DUM’ five times.

五步抑扬格每行含五个抑扬格（轻-重音节）。它模仿自然英语语调，广泛用于莎士比亚戏剧。助记：心中默数五次’da-DUM’。

Trochaic metre reverses the iamb: stressed-unstressed (‘DA-dum’). It creates a falling rhythm, often used in chants and spells. Think of ‘Double, double, toil and trouble’

扬抑格与抑扬格相反：重-轻（’DA-dum’）。它制造下降的节奏，常见于咒语和歌谣。助记：咒语开头的强音如’Double, double’。

Free verse avoids regular metre and rhyme, relying instead on natural speech rhythms and line breaks. It offers freedom but demands precise word choice. Think ‘free from fixed form’

自由诗不遵守固定格律和押韵，依赖自然语言节奏和分行。它赋予诗人自由，但更考验选词精准。助记：’free’ 即突破了形式的束缚。

---

3. Poetic Form and Structure | 诗歌形式与结构

Sonnet – typically 14 lines in iambic pentameter. The Petrarchan sonnet divides into octave and sestet; the Shakespearean ends with a rhyming couplet. Mnemonic: ’14 lines of love and logic’

十四行诗通常为14行五步抑扬格。彼特拉克式中分前八行和后六行；莎士比亚式以押韵偶句收尾。助记：’十四行情诗与哲思’。

Blank verse is unrhymed iambic pentameter. Shakespeare uses it for noble characters, blending formality with natural speech. Remember ‘Blank means no rhyme, not empty’

无韵诗是未押韵的五步抑扬格。莎士比亚常以之塑造高贵人物，融合正式感与自然语调。助记：’Blank’ 只指无韵，并非空白无物。

Enjambment occurs when a line runs on without terminal punctuation into the next line, accelerating pace and creating surprise. Think ‘jumping over the line end’

跨行连续指一行诗句不依靠标点直接延入下一行，加快节奏并制造意外。助记：像脚步跨越行末边界。

Caesura is a deliberate pause within a line, often marked by full stops, commas or dashes. It disrupts rhythm for effect. You can pause and ‘catch your breath’ – caesura sounds like ‘pause’

行间停顿是诗行中有意的停顿，常用句号、逗号或破折号标示。它中断节奏以达到强调效果。助记：’caesura’ 读起来像在句中‘歇一歇’。

---

4. Figurative Language | 比喻语言

Simile explicitly compares two things using ‘like’ or ‘as’. It draws attention to unexpected similarities. Think ‘similar = simile’

明喻用’like’或’as’直接比较两物，旨在突显意想不到的相似性。助记：’simile’ 与 ‘similar’ 形似，都关注‘相似’。

Metaphor declares one thing is another, creating a direct equivalence without ‘like’ or ‘as’. It fuses images powerfully. Remember ‘meta- means beyond, so beyond literal’

暗喻宣称甲就是乙，不使用’like’或’as’，直接对等从而强力融合意象。助记：’meta’意为超越，超越字面义。

Extended metaphor sustains a metaphor across several lines or throughout a whole text, allowing layered meaning to develop. It is a metaphor that ‘keeps going’

延伸暗喻将同一个暗喻延续数行甚至贯穿全文，层层深化含义。助记：一个暗喻不断‘延伸’下去。

Personification attributes human qualities to inanimate objects or abstract ideas. It makes the non-human relatable. Think ‘person-ification’

拟人将人的特质赋予无生命物或抽象概念，让非人之物充满人情味。助记：’person’ 已藏在词中。

Pathetic fallacy is a specific form of personification where nature reflects human emotions, e.g. stormy weather mirroring inner turmoil. Pathos + fallacy: emotions projected onto the world.

情感谬误是一种特殊的拟人，让自然现象反映人物情感，如暴风雨衬托内心混乱。助记：’pathetic’ 源自 ‘pathos’（情感），’fallacy’ 指这种归因是逻辑上的‘谬误’。

---

5. Schemes of Rhetoric | 修辞排比

Anaphora repeats the same words or phrases at the start of successive clauses or lines. It builds momentum, emotion and emphasis. Think ‘A-B-A’ – again and again at beginning.

首语重复在连续分句或诗行开头重复相同词语或短语，积聚气势和情感。助记：开头一再重复，像’again and again’。

Epistrophe is the counterpart of anaphora, repeating words at the ends of successive clauses. It provides closure and lingering emphasis. Ending echoes.

尾语重复与首语重复相反，在连续分句末尾重复词语，形成余音绕梁的强调。助记：结尾的回声。

Chiasmus involves a reversal in the order of terms in parallel phrases (AB, BA). It creates elegant balance. Example: ‘Ask not what your country can do for you…’ Think ‘crossing over’

交错配列指平行短语中词序的颠倒（AB, BA），产生精巧的平衡感。如肯尼迪名言。助记：希腊字母Χ (chi) 形似交叉，正是’chiasmus’的来源。

Antithesis places contrasting ideas side by side in balanced clauses. It sharpens conflict and clarifies ideas. Think ‘anti-thesis’ – opposite placing.

对照在平衡结构中将对立观念并置，加剧冲突并鲜明观点。助记：’anti’ 就是对立。

Zeugma uses a single word to govern or modify two other words in different senses, often creating witty or surreal effects. Example: ‘She broke his car and his heart.’ One word, two meanings.

轭式搭配用一个词同时支配或修饰两个意义不同的词，产生幽默或超现实效果。助记：一个词像轭一样套住两头牛，驾驭双重含义。

---

6. Lexical and Syntactic Choices | 词汇与句法选择

Asyndeton omits conjunctions between items in a list, creating a sense of speed, urgency or overwhelming accumulation. Think ‘I came, I saw, I conquered’ – no ‘and’

连接词省略在列举中省去连词，营造急促、急迫或铺天盖地之感。助记：’a-syn-deton’ 中 ‘a-‘ 表否定，即没有连接点。

Polysyndeton deliberately inserts extra conjunctions between items, slowing pace and giving equal weight to each element. ‘And then… and then…’ emphasizes monotony or abundance.

多连接词刻意在成分间加入多余连词，放慢节奏并使每一项都获得同等分量。助记：’poly-‘ 为多，连词多多益善。

Parataxis places clauses side by side without subordinating connectives, creating a flat, abrupt, or childlike tone. Simple coordination: ‘He arrived. He sat. He wept.’

并列结构将分句并列而无主从关系，产生平实、突兀或童稚的效果。助记：’para-‘ 旁，彼此水平并列。

Hypotaxis uses subordinate clauses to build complex, layered sentences that reflect sophisticated thought. Think ‘hypo-‘ (under) arranging clauses under others.

从属结构用从句构建复杂的层次句式，反映精密的逻辑思维。助记：’hypo’ 意为在下，分句层层隶属。

Imperative sentence issues a command, request or instruction. It commands the reader’s attention and creates urgency. ‘Go. Look. Feel.’

祈使句发出命令、请求或指示，直接抓取读者注意力并制造紧迫感。助记：皇帝下达指令的口气。

---

7. Imagery and Sensory Detail | 意象与感官细节

Visual imagery appeals to sight, painting pictures with words. It is the most common form, inviting readers to ‘see’ a scene.

视觉意象诉诸视觉，用文字绘制画面。它最常见，让读者‘看见’场景。

Auditory imagery evokes sounds, from the crash of waves to the whisper of wind. It makes the text heard.

听觉意象唤起声音，从浪涛轰鸣到风声细语，令文本可‘闻’。

Tactile imagery relates to touch, texture and temperature, helping readers feel roughness, softness, heat or cold.

触觉意象关联触觉、质地和温度，让读者感受粗糙、柔软或冷热。

Olfactory and gustatory imagery engage smell and taste respectively, powerfully triggering memory and atmosphere.

嗅觉意象与味觉意象分别激发气味和味道，能强烈唤起记忆并营造氛围。

Synaesthesia blends different senses, such as ‘a loud colour’ or ‘a sharp sound’. It fuses sensory experiences for unusual effect. Think ‘synthesise senses’

通感混合不同感官，如‘响亮的颜色’或‘锋利的声音’，融合感官体验产生新奇效果。助记：’syn-‘ 意为合成，将感觉合而为一。

---

8. Narrative Voice and Point of View | 叙事声音与视角

First‑person narrator uses ‘I’ and is directly involved in the story. This voice offers intimacy but also subjectivity. Remember: one pair of eyes.

第一人称叙述者用‘我’叙述，直接参与故事。此种声音亲切但主观。助记：只能透过一双眼睛看世界。

Third‑person limited stays outside the story but filters events through one character’s consciousness. We see only what that character perceives. Think ‘limited access’

第三人称有限视角置身故事之外，但通过某一角色的意识过滤事件，我们仅知道角色所感所思。助记：权限受限的摄像机。

Omniscient narrator knows all thoughts, feelings and events. This all‑knowing voice can comment freely. Think ‘omni-‘ = all.

全知叙述者通晓所有人物的思想、情感和事件，可自由点评。助记：’omni’ 意为一全知。

Unreliable narrator presents a distorted or misleading account, forcing readers to question the truth. The gap between narrative and reality is key. Think ‘trust issues’

不可靠叙述者提供扭曲或误导的叙述，迫使读者质疑真相。叙述与现实的差距是关键。助记：永远不能完全信任这位‘讲述者’。

Free indirect discourse blends third‑person narration with a character’s inner thoughts and speech patterns, without tags like ‘he thought’. It creates a seamless subjective‑objective blend. Think ‘slipping into the mind’

自由间接引语将第三人称叙述与角色内心想法和语言习惯融合，不用‘他想’等提示语，达到主客交融。助记：悄然滑入人物脑海。

Stream of consciousness mimics the chaotic, associative flow of a character’s mind, often ignoring grammar and logic. It renders raw inner experience. Think of a river of thoughts.

意识流模拟角色脑海中混乱联想的流动，常打破语法和逻辑，呈现原始内心体验。助记：思绪像溪流般不断流淌。

---

9. Dramatic Conventions | 戏剧惯例

Dramatic irony occurs when the audience knows more than the characters on stage, creating tension or poignancy. Think of the audience as holding a secret.

戏剧反讽指观众比台上角色知道得更多，从而产生紧张或悲悯。助记：观众手中握着秘密。

Soliloquy is a speech delivered by a character alone on stage, revealing innermost thoughts directly to the audience. It is a window to the soul.

独白是角色独自在台上对着观众吐露内心深沉思绪的讲话。助记：独自一人的灵魂之窗。

Aside is a brief remark meant only for the audience, supposedly unheard by other characters. It creates intimacy and comic or dramatic effect. Think ‘whispered truth’

旁白是角色对观众说的简短台词，假定其他角色听不见，产生亲近及戏剧效果。助记：像悄悄说出的真相。

Hamartia denotes a fatal flaw or error in judgement leading to the protagonist’s downfall. It is not just villainy but a tragic mistake. Think ‘hamartia’ as ‘harm’ + ‘art’ – artist of their own ruin.

悲剧性缺陷指导致主人公毁灭的性格弱点或判断错误，不单单是邪恶，而是悲剧性过失。助记：’hamartia’ 近似 ‘harm’（伤害），自己伤害自己。

Catharsis is the emotional release felt by the audience after witnessing tragedy; purging of pity and fear. Think ‘cleansing emotions’

净化（卡塔西斯）是观众目睹悲剧后怜悯与恐惧情绪的宣泄与净化。助记：情感经过洗涤变得清澈。

Anagnorisis is the moment of critical discovery or recognition, when a character moves from ignorance to knowledge. Think ‘a-ha moment’

突转（发现）是角色从无知走向知晓的关键认识时刻。助记：戏剧中的‘恍然大悟’。

Peripeteia is a sudden reversal of fortune, often following anagnorisis. The whole situation turns around. Remember ‘peri-‘ around, ‘pet’ to fall – falling around.

突变（命运的逆转）是命运的突然倒转，常跟随发现之后。助记：命运之轮一夜翻转。

---

10. Structural Devices in Prose | 散文结构手法

Foreshadowing plants hints about future events early in a narrative. It builds suspense and makes developments feel inevitable. Think ‘shadows cast ahead’

预示在叙事早期埋下未来事件的线索，营造悬念并使情节发展显得必然。助记：影子在事件发生前已投落。

Flashback interrupts chronological progression to revisit past events, revealing motivation and backstory. It shatters linear time. Think ‘back in time’

倒叙打断时间顺序回溯过去，揭示动机和背景故事，打破线性时间。助记：按‘后退’键闪回。

In medias res begins the story in the middle of the action, grabbing attention and then filling in background. Latin for ‘into the middle of things’.

从中间开始将故事从行动中段切入，再补充背景，迅速抓住注意力。助记：拉丁语‘在事物中心’。

Frame narrative embeds stories within a story, like a painting within a frame. It provides multiple perspectives and layers. Think ‘Russian dolls’.

框架叙事在一个故事中嵌套另一个故事，提供多层视角。助记：像俄罗斯套娃般层层包裹。

Epistolary form conveys the narrative through letters, diary entries or documents, offering intimate, fragmented perspectives. Think ‘epistle’

Published by TutorHao | Year 13 英语文学 Revision Series | aleveler.com

更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）