Media Terminology Quick Memory Guide | 媒体术语速记指南

📚 Media Terminology Quick Memory Guide | 媒体术语速记指南

Mastering media terminology is essential for success in CCEA Year 12 Media Studies. This quick memory guide breaks down the key terms you need to know, organised by category for easy revision. Each term is paired with a concise English definition and its Chinese equivalent, helping bilingual learners reinforce their understanding and recall.

掌握媒体术语是CCEA Year 12媒体研究取得好成绩的关键。这份速记指南将你需要掌握的关键术语按类别整理，方便复习。每个术语都配有简明的英文定义和中文对应解释，帮助双语学习者巩固理解、加强记忆。

1. Camera Shots and Framing | 镜头景别与构图

Close-Up (CU) A shot that tightly frames a person’s face or a specific object, magnifying emotion or detail for the audience.

特写 (CU) 紧凑框取人物面部或特定物体的镜头，为观众放大情绪或细节。

Medium Close-Up (MCU) Frames a subject from the chest or shoulders up, balancing facial expression with a hint of setting.

中近景 (MCU) 从胸部或肩部以上框取主体，在脸部表情与一丝环境之间取得平衡。

Medium Shot (MS) Shows a person from the waist up; often used for dialogue to capture gestures and expressions naturally.

中景 (MS) 展示人物腰部以上部分；常用于对话场景，自然地捕捉手势和表情。

Long Shot (LS) Frames the full body of a subject within its surroundings, establishing context or showing action at a distance.

远景 (LS) 将主体的全身置于周围环境中框取，用来建立场景或展示远距离动作。

Extreme Close-Up (ECU) Focuses on a very small detail, such as an eye or a written word, creating intensity or mystery.

大特写 (ECU) 聚焦极小的细节，如一只眼睛或一个文字，制造紧张感或神秘感。

Over-the-Shoulder Shot (OTS) Filmed from behind one character, showing what they are looking at; stitches conversation scenes together.

过肩镜头 (OTS) 从角色身后拍摄，展现其所见；用于缝合对话场景。

---

2. Camera Angles and Movement | 摄像机角度与运动

Low Angle The camera looks up at a subject, making it appear powerful, dominant or threatening.

低角度 摄像机仰拍主体，使其显得强大、支配或具有威胁性。

High Angle The camera looks down on a subject, diminishing its importance or suggesting vulnerability.

高角度 摄像机俯拍主体，削弱其重要性或暗示脆弱。

Dutch Angle (Canted Angle) The camera is tilted so the horizon line is diagonal; conveys disorientation, tension or unease.

斜角镜头 (Dutch Angle) 摄像机倾斜使地平线呈对角线；传递迷失、紧张或不安感。

Pan Horizontal camera rotation from a fixed position, used to follow action or scan a location.

摇镜 摄像机从固定位置水平旋转，用于追踪动作或扫视场景。

Tilt Vertical camera movement from a fixed base, revealing height or depth.

俯仰镜头 摄像机从固定底座垂直移动，展现高度或纵深。

Tracking Shot (Dolly Shot) The camera physically moves alongside the action, often on rails, creating fluid motion.

推轨镜头 (跟踪镜头) 摄像机沿轨道或移动装置与动作同步移动，带来流畅的运动感。

---

3. Editing Techniques | 剪辑技巧

Cut An instantaneous transition from one shot to the next; the most basic edit.

切 从一个镜头瞬间切换到下一个的最基本剪辑方式。

Jump Cut A cut between two similar shots that noticeably jumps forward in time, often creating a jarring effect.

跳剪 两个相似的镜头之间切入，使时间明显跳跃，常产生突兀效果。

Match on Action A cut that connects two shots of the same action from different angles, creating seamless continuity.

动作匹配剪辑 连接同一动作在两个不同角度的镜头，制造无缝的连续感。

Shot-Reverse-Shot Alternating shots between two characters in conversation, typically maintaining eyeline match and the 180-degree rule.

正反打镜头 在对话的两个角色间交替切换，通常保持视线匹配和180度规则。

Cross-Cutting (Parallel Editing) Cutting between two or more scenes happening simultaneously in different locations, building suspense or connection.

交叉剪辑 (平行剪辑) 在同时发生但不同地点的两个或多个场景间切换，营造悬念或关联。

Montage A sequence of shots assembled to condense time, convey information rapidly or create a thematic association.

蒙太奇 将一系列镜头组装起来，用以压缩时间、快速传递信息或构建主题关联。

---

4. Sound Terminology | 声音术语

Diegetic Sound Sound whose source is visible on screen or implied to exist within the story world, such as dialogue, footsteps or a radio playing.

画内音 (剧情内声音) 声源可见于屏幕或存在于故事世界内的声音，如对话、脚步声或播放中的收音机。

Non-Diegetic Sound Sound that comes from outside the story space, like background music, voiceover narration or sound effects added for the audience only.

画外音 (非剧情声音) 来自故事空间之外的声音，如背景音乐、旁白或仅为观众添加的音效。

Sound Bridge Sound from one scene carries briefly into the next, smoothing transitions and linking sequences.

声音桥接 一个场景的声音短暂延续到下一个场景，平滑转场并连接段落。

Synchronous Sound Sound that matches the on-screen action precisely, such as lips moving in time with spoken words.

同步声音 与画面的动作精确匹配的声音，如唇部动作与说出的词语同步。

Asynchronous Sound Sound that does not have a visible on-screen source or does not match the action, often used to create unease.

非同步声音 在屏幕上没有可见声源或与动作不匹配的声音，常用于营造不安感。

Ambient Sound Background noise that establishes the atmosphere of a location, such as wind, traffic or crowd murmur.

环境音 建立场景氛围的背景噪声，如风声、车流或人群低语。

---

5. Mise-en-Scène | 场面调度

Setting The physical environment where the action takes place, including location, set design and time period.

场景 动作发生的物理环境，包括地点、布景设计和时代背景。

Props Objects used by actors or placed in the scene to support the narrative and build character.

道具 演员使用或场景中放置的物品，用以辅助叙事和刻画角色。

Costume and Make-Up Clothing, hairstyles and make-up choices that communicate character traits, status, era and genre.

服装与化妆 传达角色特征、地位、时代和类型的服装、发型和化妆选择。

High-Key Lighting Bright, low-contrast illumination with few shadows; typical of comedies and mainstream TV.

高调灯光 明亮、低对比度的照明，阴影很少；常见于喜剧和主流电视。

Low-Key Lighting High-contrast lighting with deep shadows and pools of light, creating dramatic, noir-style tension.

低调灯光 高对比度照明，带有浓重阴影和局部光区，营造戏剧性和黑色电影式紧张感。

Colour Palette Deliberate choice of colours in set, costume and lighting to evoke mood, symbolism or theme.

色彩基调 在布景、服装和灯光中有意选择的色彩，以唤起情绪、象征或主题。

---

6. Narrative Theory | 叙事理论

Todorov’s Equilibrium Theory Narrative moves from equilibrium (normality), disruption, recognition of disruption, attempt to repair, to a new equilibrium.

托多罗夫平衡理论 叙事从平衡（常态），到打破平衡、认知失衡、尝试修复，最终达到新平衡。

Propp’s Character Functions Russian scholar Vladimir Propp identified recurring character roles in folktales: hero, villain, donor, helper, princess, dispatcher and false hero.

普罗普角色功能 俄国学者普洛普识别出民间故事中反复出现的角色类型：英雄、反派、赠予者、帮手、公主、派遣者和假英雄。

Binary Opposition (Levi-Strauss) Meaning is created through conflict between opposing concepts, such as good vs evil, young vs old, nature vs culture.

二元对立 (列维-斯特劳斯) 意义通过对立概念的冲突产生，如善与恶、年轻与年老、自然与文化。

Enigma Code (Barthes) A narrative device that presents a mystery, puzzle or unanswered question to hook the audience and drive the plot forward.

谜题代码 (巴特) 一种叙事手法，通过呈现谜团、疑题或未解问题来吸引观众并推动情节。

Linear Narrative A story told in chronological order from beginning to end, with clear cause-and-effect links.

线性叙事 按照时间顺序从头至尾讲述故事，有明显的因果联系。

Non-Linear Narrative Events are presented out of chronological order, using flashbacks, flash-forwards or parallel timelines.

非线性叙事 事件不按时间顺序呈现，使用倒叙、预叙或平行时间线。

---

7. Representation and Stereotypes | 再现与刻板印象

Representation The process by which media texts construct and present versions of reality, people, places and events, shaped by selection and mediation.

再现 媒体文本通过选择和中介构建并呈现现实、人物、地点和事件版本的过程。

Stereotype An oversimplified, repeated representation of a social group that reduces them to a few exaggerated traits, often reinforcing dominant ideologies.

刻板印象 对社会群体过度简化、反复出现的再现，将其化简为少数夸张特质，常强化主流意识形态。

Countertype A positive or subversive representation that deliberately challenges existing stereotypes, aiming to offer a more complex view.

反刻板类型 一种积极或颠覆性的再现，有意挑战既有刻板印象，提供更复杂的视角。

Hegemony Dominant ideas and values in society that are accepted as common sense, often sustained through media representation without overt force.

霸权 社会中被视为常识的主导观念与价值观，常通过媒体再现得以维持，而无须明显强制。

Mediation The process of selecting, editing and presenting media content, which inevitably alters the reality being depicted.

中介化 选择、编辑和呈现媒体内容的过程，不可避免地改变了所描绘的现实。

Male Gaze (Mulvey) The concept that visual media often depict the world and women from a heterosexual male point of view, objectifying women.

男性凝视 (穆尔维) 指视觉媒体经常从异性恋男性视角描绘世界和女性，将女性客体化的概念。

---

8. Audience Theories | 受众理论

Hypodermic Needle Model An early theory that assumes media messages are directly injected into a passive audience, producing uniform effects.

皮下注射模式 早期理论，假定媒体信息直接注入被动受众体内，产生一致的效果。

Uses and Gratifications (Blumler & Katz) Emphasises an active audience that selects media to satisfy needs: diversion, personal relationships, personal identity and surveillance.

使用与满足 (布鲁姆勒与卡茨) 强调主动受众选择媒体以满足需求：消遣、人际关系、个人认同和监测环境。

Reception Theory (Stuart Hall) Audience decoding can be preferred (accepting the intended meaning), negotiated (partly accepting, partly adapting) or oppositional (rejecting the message).

接收理论 (斯图尔特·霍尔) 受众解码可以是优势解读（接受既定意义）、协商解读（部分接受、部分改编）或对抗解读（拒绝信息）。

Two-Step Flow Media messages first reach opinion leaders who then interpret and pass them on to others, mediating the effect.

两级传播 媒体信息先到达意见领袖，再由他们解读并传递给其他人，从而中介传播效果。

Active vs Passive Audience Contrasts the view of audiences as either critically engaging with media or simply absorbing content without resistance.

主动与被动受众 对比将受众视为批判性参与媒体与不加抵抗地吸收内容的两种观点。

---

9. Media Language and Semiotics | 媒体语言与符号学

Sign The basic unit of meaning, consisting of a signifier (form) and signified (concept), according to Saussure.

符号 意义的基本单位，由能指（形式）和所指（概念）构成，源自索绪尔。

Denotation The literal, surface-level meaning of a sign that is widely recognised.

外延 符号的字面、表面意义，为多数人公认。

Connotation The cultural or personal associations and secondary meanings attached to a sign.

内涵 附加在符号上的文化或个人联想与第二层意义。

Myth (Barthes) A dominant cultural message that makes a socially constructed idea appear natural, often linked to ideology.

神话 (巴特) 使社会建构的观念看似自然的主导文化信息，常与意识形态相连。

Icon A sign that physically resembles what it represents, such as a photograph or diagram.

像似符号 外形上相似于其所代表之物的符号，如

Published by TutorHao | Year 12 媒体 Revision Series | aleveler.com

更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）