Year 13 Edexcel Geography: Case Study Practical Exercises | Year 13 Edexcel 地理：案例分析实战演练

📚 Year 13 Edexcel Geography: Case Study Practical Exercises | Year 13 Edexcel 地理：案例分析实战演练

Mastering case studies is the single most important skill for scoring high marks in Edexcel A Level Geography. Whether you are dealing with tectonic hazards, globalisation, regeneration, water and carbon cycles, superpowers, or migration, your examiner expects specific, detailed, and well-linked place‑based evidence. This article provides a practical workout: it revisits core Year 13 topics through concrete case study examples, shows you how to structure answers, and gives you opportunities to practise exam‑style questions with annotated model responses. Use it to sharpen your analytical edge and build a bank of adaptable case study detail.

掌握案例分析是爱德思A Level地理拿下高分的最关键能力。无论你处理的是构造灾害、全球化、地方再生、水与碳循环、超级大国还是人口迁移，考官想要的是具体、详细且联系紧密的地方证据。本文提供了一套实战训练：通过具体的案例回顾Year 13核心主题，展示如何组织答案，并为你提供考试风格题目的练习机会以及带有注释的示范回答。用它来打磨你的分析优势，建立一个随时可以调用的案例细节库。

1. Why Case Studies Matter in Edexcel A Level Geography | 为何案例分析在爱德思A Level地理中至关重要

In the Edexcel specification, case studies are not simply ‘bolt‑on’ facts; they are the vehicle through which you demonstrate understanding of geographical processes, concepts, and interconnections. For 8, 12, or 20‑mark extended writing questions, a well‑deployed case study turns a generic description into an evaluative, place‑specific argument. The command words ‘assess’, ‘evaluate’ and ‘justify’ demand that you weigh evidence from real places against theoretical models or contrasting contexts.

在爱德思考纲中，案例不只是“附加”的事实；它们是你展示对地理过程、概念和相互联系理解的载体。对于8分、12分或20分的拓展写作题，恰当运用的案例能把泛泛而谈的描述转变成有评价性、基于特定地方的分析论证。题目中“评估”“评价”“论证”等指令词要求你拿真实地方的证据去衡量理论模型或进行对比。

All A‑level Geography papers require you to draw on diverse case studies at a range of scales (local, national, global). Year 13 topics particularly reward synoptic thinking: for example, you might link the carbon cycle with tropical rainforest management, or superpower status with migration flows. Therefore, studying case studies in isolation is not enough; you must practise weaving them into conceptual frameworks and comparing their outcomes.

所有A Level地理试卷都要求你调用不同尺度（地方、国家、全球）的多样化案例。Year 13的主题尤其能体现综合思维的价值：比如，你可以把碳循环与热带雨林管理联系起来，或者把超级大国地位与人口迁移流动联系起来。因此，孤立地学习案例是不够的；你必须练习把它们编织到概念框架中，并比较不同案例的结果。

2. Structuring a High-Mark Case Study Answer | 构建高分的案例分析答案结构

Begin by reading the question carefully and identifying the key conceptual focus – is it about risk, governance, inequality, physical processes, or inter‑dependence? An effective structure follows the ‘PEEL’ logic (Point, Evidence, Explanation, Link) but with a geographical twist: point (the argument you are making), evidence (specific data, named places, dates, processes from your case study), explanation (how and why this happens, making reference to geographical theories), and link (back to the question and wider context, or on to the next point).

首先要仔细读题，抓住关键概念焦点——是风险、治理、不平等、自然过程还是相互依赖？一个有效的结构遵循“PEEL”逻辑（论点、证据、解释、联系），但要带有地理色彩：论点（你在提出的论证）、证据（来自案例的具体数据、具体地点、日期、过程）、解释（如何发生以及为什么发生，并引用地理理论）、联系（回到题目和更广阔的语境，或过渡到下一个论点）。

For example, a 12‑mark ‘assess’ question on tectonic hazards might require you to compare two contrasting case studies. Your paragraphs should not describe the events separately; instead, each paragraph should compare a specific factor (e.g. level of development, hazard risk perception, governance capacity) using evidence from both cases. This comparative, thematic approach signals higher‑order thinking and directly addresses the assessment objectives.

例如，一道关于构造灾害的12分“评估”题可能要求你比较两个截然不同的案例。你的段落不应该分开描述两个事件；相反，每个段落应该比较一个特定的因素（如发展水平、灾害风险感知、治理能力），同时使用两个案例的证据。这种比较性、主题性的方法标志着更高层次的思维，并直接回应了评估目标。

3. Case Study 1: Tectonic Hazards – Haiti vs Japan | 案例分析1：构造灾害——海地 vs 日本

The 2010 Haiti earthquake (Mw 7.0) and the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami (Mw 9.0) in Japan offer one of the most powerful comparative exercises for the ‘Tectonic Processes and Hazards’ topic. Both were subduction‑zone events, but their impacts were dramatically different due to contrasting levels of development, governance, and preparedness.

2010年海地地震（矩震级7.0）和2011年日本东北地区地震及海啸（矩震级9.0）为“构造过程与灾害”主题提供了最具说服力的对比练习。两者都是俯冲带事件，但由于发展水平、治理和备灾能力截然不同，它们的影响有着戏剧性差异。

Haiti’s earthquake struck a low‑income country with weak building codes, high corruption, and limited emergency infrastructure. Over 220,000 people died, and the government’s capacity to respond was overwhelmed. In contrast, Japan’s earthquake and tsunami, although far more powerful, resulted in around 18,500 deaths, largely due to strict seismic building regulations, tsunami warning systems, and a well‑rehearsed disaster management culture. However, the Fukushima nuclear disaster introduced a new dimension of technological hazard that exposed governance weaknesses despite Japan’s high level of development.

海地的地震袭击了一个低收入国家，建筑规范薄弱、腐败严重、应急基础设施有限。超过22万人死亡，政府的应对能力不堪重负。相比之下，日本的地震和海啸虽然强度大得多，却造成大约18 500人死亡，这在很大程度上归功于严格的抗震建筑法规、海啸预警系统以及训练有素的灾害管理文化。然而，福岛核事故引入了一个新的技术灾害维度，暴露了尽管日本发展水平很高，治理上仍存在弱点。

Practice Question: Using a named example, assess the importance of governance in reducing tectonic hazard risk. (12 marks)

练习题目：以一个具体案例为例，评估治理在降低构造灾害风险中的重要性。（12分）

Model Annotated Response:
Governance directly determines a community’s resilience. In Haiti, weak governance led to unregulated urbanisation on soft sediment, amplifying seismic shaking. Post‑disaster, corruption and logistical failures delayed aid, prolonging suffering. By contrast, Japan’s governance ensured strict building codes that saved lives; yet even advanced governance can falter when risks are complex, as shown by the Fukushima meltdown. This indicates that governance is vital but not sufficient alone – a holistic risk management approach spanning social, economic, and technological dimensions is required.

示范注解回答：
治理直接决定一个社区的御灾力。在海地，薄弱的治理导致在松软沉积物上无管制的城市化，放大了地震晃动力。灾后，腐败和后勤失败拖延了援助，加剧了苦难。相比之下，日本的治理确保了严格的建筑规范，拯救了无数生命；然而，当风险变得复杂时，即使是最先进的治理也可能失效，福岛熔毁事件就是明证。这表明治理至关重要但单靠它还不够——需要一种涵盖社会、经济和技术层面的整体风险管理方法。

4. Case Study 2: Globalisation – Apple’s Global Production Network | 案例分析2：全球化——苹果的全球生产网络

Apple Inc. exemplifies the complex spatial organisation of a transnational corporation (TNC) within the globalisation topic. Its products are designed in California, with components sourced worldwide and final assembly carried out by contract manufacturers in China, notably Foxconn. This network demonstrates the influence of trade liberalisation, differential labour costs, and government policies such as China’s Special Economic Zones.

苹果公司是全球化学科中跨国企业复杂空间组织的一个典型范例。其产品在加利福尼亚设计，零部件全球采购，最终由中国合同制造商（尤其是富士康）完成总装。这一网络展示了贸易自由化、差异劳动力成本以及政府政策（如中国经济特区）的影响。

Using Apple as a case study allows you to analyse the winners and losers of economic globalisation. On one hand, it creates employment and technology transfer in China, boosts corporate profits and shareholder value in the USA, and offers affordable consumer goods worldwide. On the other hand, it has been linked to labour exploitation, environmental degradation in manufacturing hubs, and the hollowing out of traditional manufacturing sectors in advanced economies. Furthermore, its global supply chains are vulnerable to disruption, as seen during the COVID‑19 pandemic and US‑China trade tensions.

以苹果为例可以让你分析经济全球化的赢家和输家。一方面，它在中国创造了就业和技术转让，在美国增加了企业利润和股东价值，并为全球消费者提供了价格实惠的商品。另一方面，它也与劳工剥削、制造业中心的环境退化以及发达经济体传统制造业的“空心化”息息相关。此外，其全球供应链极易受到干扰，这在COVID-19疫情和中美贸易紧张中表现得淋漓尽致。

Practice Question: Explain how globalisation has influenced the geographical location of manufacturing for one TNC you have studied. (8 marks)

练习题目：解释全球化如何影响你所研究的一家跨国企业的制造业地理布局。（8分）

Key Points to Include: China’s comparative advantage in labour costs, supportive infrastructure, trade agreements (WTO membership), agglomeration economies around Shenzhen, and corporate strategies of vertical disintegration. Also mention the more recent shift towards diversification, such as moving some production to India and Vietnam in response to rising Chinese wages and geopolitical uncertainty.

需要涵盖的要点：中国在劳动力成本上的比较优势、支持性基础设施、贸易协定（WTO成员身份）、深圳周边的集聚经济，以及垂直分解的企业战略。同时要提及近年来的多样化转移，例如将部分生产转移到印度和越南，以应对中国工资上涨和地缘政治不确定性。

5. Case Study 3: Regenerating Places – London Docklands | 案例分析3：地方再生——伦敦码头区

For the ‘Regenerating Places’ topic, the London Docklands provides a classic long‑term regeneration case study. From the 1960s onwards, the area suffered severe economic decline due to containerisation and the relocation of port activities downstream to Tilbury. Warehouses were abandoned, employment collapsed, and the area experienced physical and social deprivation. The response, led initially by the London Docklands Development Corporation (LDDC) from 1981, transformed the area through property‑led regeneration, transport infrastructure (the Docklands Light Railway), and enterprise zone status.

在“地方再生”主题中，伦敦码头区提供了一个经典的长期再生案例。从1960年代起，由于集装箱化以及港口活动迁往下游的蒂尔伯里，该地区经历了严重的经济衰退。仓库被遗弃，就业崩溃，区域陷入了物质环境和社会贫困。从1981年开始，由伦敦码头区开发公司牵头，通过以地产为先导的再生、交通基础设施（码头区轻轨）以及企业区地位，彻底改变了这片区域。

Evaluate the success of the Docklands regeneration by identifying both positive and negative outcomes. Positives include the creation of Canary Wharf as a global financial centre, significant population growth, improved housing, and a new identity as a thriving mixed‑use district. However, criticisms focus on the displacement of the original working‑class community, the growth of low‑paid service jobs alongside high‑salaried finance positions, and the fact that economic benefits did not trickle down evenly. This case study enables you to analyse the role of different players (government, private developers, local communities) and the tension between economic growth and social equity.

评估码头区再生的成功，既要识别积极结果，也要指出消极结果。积极面包括金丝雀码头成为全球金融中心、人口显著增长、住房改善，以及作为繁荣混合用途区的新身份认同。然而，批评主要集中在原有工人阶级社区的被迫迁移、高薪金融岗位旁伴随的低薪服务业岗位增长，以及经济利益未能均匀下渗的事实。该案例让你能够分析不同参与者（政府、私人开发商、地方社区）的角色，以及经济增长与社会公平之间的紧张关系。

Practice Question: Assess the extent to which regeneration in a named place has improved life for all social groups. (12 marks)

练习题目：评估一个具体地方的再生在多大程度上改善了所有社会群体的生活。（12分）

Build a table comparing ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ before writing. Winners: investors, high‑skilled workers, commuters, some new residents. Losers: original council tenants relocated to outer boroughs, small local businesses unable to afford new rents, and those excluded from service‑based employment. Remember to conclude that regeneration achieved remarkable economic transformation but created a more unequal society in spatial terms.

写作前先建立一张比较“赢家”与“输家”的表格。赢家：投资者、高技能劳动者、通勤者、部分新居民。输家：被迫迁往外区的原公房租户、负担不起新租金的小型地方商户，以及被排斥在以服务业为基础的就业之外的人们。记得在结论中指出：再生实现了惊人的经济转型，但也在空间上造就了一个更加不平等的社会。

6. Case Study 4: Water Cycle – Amazon Rainforest Deforestation | 案例分析4：水循环——亚马逊雨林砍伐

The Amazon rainforest is a critical case study for the water cycle and water insecurity topic. As the world’s largest tropical rainforest, it functions as a major moisture pump: trees intercept rainfall, transpire vast amounts of water vapour back into the atmosphere, and generate convectional rainfall that sustains the forest itself and influences regional climate patterns. Deforestation disrupts this system dramatically.

亚马逊雨林是水循环与水安全主题的关键案例。作为世界上最大的热带雨林，它充当着一个巨大的水分泵：树木截留降雨，蒸腾大量水汽返回大气，产生的对流性降雨不仅维持着森林本身，还影响着区域气候模式。砍伐森林会剧烈破坏这个系统。

When forest is cleared for cattle ranching or soy farming, evapotranspiration drops sharply. Less moisture is recycled, leading to reduced rainfall, a longer dry season, and increased risk of drought. Studies suggest that as deforestation surpasses a 20–25% threshold, the Amazon could tip into a savanna‑like state, with catastrophic consequences for biodiversity, global carbon storage, and the livelihoods of indigenous peoples. The local water cycle change also affects regional agriculture and hydroelectric power generation, demonstrating the cascading impacts.

当森林被砍伐用于养牛或种植大豆，蒸散量急剧下降。再循环的水汽减少，导致降雨减少、干季延长、干旱风险加大。有研究表明，一旦砍伐率超过20-25%的临界点，亚马逊可能不可逆地退化为稀树草原状态，给生物多样性、全球碳储存以及原住民生计带来灾难性后果。局地水循环的改变还会影响区域农业和水力发电，展示了连锁效应。

This case study links beautifully with the carbon cycle. Deforestation not only alters the water balance but also releases stored carbon into the atmosphere and reduces future carbon sequestration. Use it to demonstrate positive feedback loops: less rain → more dry soil → lower tree survival → even less transpiration. Exam questions often ask you to explain how human activity disturbs natural systems and the implications for water security.

该案例与水循环、碳循环能漂亮地结合。砍伐森林不仅改变了水分平衡，还将储存的碳释放到大气中，并降低了未来的碳汇能力。用它来展示正反馈环：更少的降雨 → 更干燥的土壤 → 更低的树木存活率 → 更少的蒸腾作用。考题常常要求你解释人类活动如何干扰自然系统，以及对水安全的影响。

7. Case Study 5: Carbon Cycle – Arctic Permafrost Melt | 案例分析5：碳循环——北极冻土融化

The Arctic is warming at roughly twice the global average rate, and permafrost thaw is one of the most significant positive feedback mechanisms in the carbon cycle. Permafrost contains vast stores of organic carbon – an estimated 1,500 billion tonnes globally. As temperatures rise, permafrost thaws and microbes decompose the previously frozen organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄), a far more potent greenhouse gas over short timescales.

北极变暖的速度大约是全球平均速度的两倍，而冻土融化是碳循环中最为显著的正反馈机制之一。冻土中储存着巨量的有机碳——全球估计约15 000亿吨。随着温度升高，冻土融化，微生物分解先前冻结的有机物，释放出二氧化碳和甲烷，后者在较短的时间尺度内是一种威力强大得多的温室气体。

A good case study is the Yamal Peninsula in Siberia, where permafrost melt has already caused infrastructure damage, altered river discharge, and created thermokarst lakes that emit methane. The local impacts include collapsing buildings and disrupted Indigenous reindeer herding, but the global implication is a reinforcing loop that accelerates climate change, melts more permafrost, and releases even more greenhouse gases. This is a perfect example of a positive feedback that is not beneficial for the climate system.

西伯利亚亚马尔半岛是一个很好的案例，那里冻土融化已造成基础设施破坏、河流水量变化，并形成了排放甲烷的热喀斯特湖。局地影响包括建筑倒塌和原住民驯鹿放牧活动被打乱，但全球意义在于一个增强性循环，加速气候变化，融化更多冻土，释放更多温室气体。这是对气候系统毫无好处的正反馈的完美例子。

In an exam, you can pair this with long‑term carbon stores like tropical rainforests to show how natural stores can become sources. Practice analysing a feedback loop diagrammatically before writing: initial warming → permafrost thaw → methane/CO₂ release → enhanced greenhouse effect → more warming. Always quantify with data, such as the fact that permafrost emissions could add 0.2–0.3 °C to global warming by 2100 under high‑emission scenarios.

在考试中，你可以将这一点与热带雨林等长期碳库配对使用，展示自然碳库如何变成碳源。写作前先练习用图示法分析反馈循环：初始变暖 → 冻土融化 → 甲烷/二氧化碳释放 → 增强温室效应 → 更多变暖。始终要有数据量化，例如在高排放情景下，到2100年冻土排放可能使全球变暖幅度额外增加0.2–0.3 °C。

8. Case Study 6: Superpowers – China’s Rise | 案例分析6：超级大国——中国的崛起

China’s transformation into a global superpower is a must‑know case study for the ‘Superpowers’ topic. Its emergence is based on a combination of economic growth (GDP doubling every few years for decades), military modernisation, massive infrastructure projects like the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and soft power strategies such as Confucius Institutes and media outlets like CGTN.

中国转变为全球超级大国是“超级大国”主题中必须掌握的案例。它的崛起基于经济增长（几十年来GDP每隔几年翻一番）、军事现代化、像“一带一路”倡议这样的大型基础设施项目，以及孔子学院和CGTN等软实力战略的共同作用。

Use the South China Sea as a specific geographic focus to examine China’s hard power projection and contestation of territorial claims. The construction of artificial islands, naval bases, and the nine‑dash line policy illustrate how a rising power uses both physical and legal mechanisms to assert control over strategic sea lanes and resources. Contrast this with the USA’s historical hegemony and its pivot to Asia, and evaluate whether the world is moving towards a bipolar or multipolar order. You should also consider the limits of China’s power: regional resistance from countries like Vietnam and the Philippines, domestic demographic challenges, and environmental constraints.

以南海作为一个具体地理焦点，审视中国硬实力的投射以及对领土主张的竞争。人工岛礁建设、海军基地和九段线政策，都表明一个崛起大国如何运用物质和法律机制来对战略航道和资源实行掌控。将此与历史上的美国霸权及其“重返亚洲”进行对比，评估世界是否正在走向两极或多极格局。同时也要思考中国权力的局限性：来自越南、菲律宾等国的区域抵制、国内人口结构挑战以及环境制约。

Practice Question: Assess the view that emerging superpowers inevitably challenge the existing global order. (20 marks)

练习题目：评估以下观点：新兴超级大国不可避免地会挑战现有全球秩序。（20分）

In your answer, use China to support evidence that emerging powers do challenge the order through institutions like the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), an alternative to the IMF/World Bank. Counter with examples of cooperation, such as China’s participation in UN peacekeeping and global public health. Conclude that the relationship is characterised by tension and interdependence simultaneously, not inevitable conflict.

在回答中，用中国作为证据支持新兴大国确实通过亚投行等机构挑战现有秩序（亚投行是IMF/世界银行的替代选择）。然后提供合作的例子进行反驳，例如中国参与联合国维和行动和全球公共卫生。结论是，这段关系同时具有紧张与相互依赖的特征，并非必然走向冲突。

9. Case Study 7: Migration – Syria to Europe Refugee Crisis | 案例分析7：人口迁移——叙利亚至欧洲难民危机

The civil war in Syria, beginning in 2011, triggered one of the most severe forced migration crises of the 21st century, and it is a compelling case for the ‘Migration, Identity and Sovereignty’ topic. By 2016, over 5 million Syrians had fled the country, with major flows towards Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, and, especially from 2015, into Europe along Balkan and Mediterranean routes.

始于2011年的叙利亚内战引发了21世纪最严重的被迫迁移危机之一，是“人口迁移、认同与主权”主题中一个极具说服力的案例。到2016年，已有超过500万叙利亚人逃离国家，主要流向土耳其、黎巴嫩、约旦，并且特别是在2015年后，沿着巴尔干和地中海路线涌入欧洲。

This case study enables you to explore the push‑pull drivers in depth: political persecution, physical destruction of cities like Aleppo, and lack of economic opportunity as push factors; safety, family reunification, and employment potential as pull factors. Crucially, you can analyse the obstacles to migration, such as dangerous border crossings, smuggling networks, and the political barriers erected by EU countries, including Hungary’s border fence and the EU‑Turkey deal. The differentiated responses of countries – Germany’s initially open‑door policy versus Eastern European resistance – highlight tensions between humanitarian obligations and national sovereignty.

这一案例让你能够深入探讨推拉驱动因素：政治迫害、阿勒颇等城市的实体破坏以及缺乏经济机会是推力因素；安全、家庭团聚和就业潜力是拉力因素。最重要的是，你可以分析迁移障碍，比如危险的越境通道、走私网络，以及欧盟国家设置的政治壁垒，包括匈牙利的边境围墙和欧盟-土耳其协议。各国的差异化反应——德国最初的开放政策对东欧的抵制——凸显了人道主义义务与国家主权之间的紧张关系。

Link this to the concept of ‘national identity’: how did the influx affect political narratives in receiving countries, leading to the rise of anti‑immigration parties? Use specific statistics, such as that in 2015‑2016 Germany received over 1 million asylum applications, and evaluate the long‑term integration outcomes. Remember, Edexcel favours analysis over description, so always explain the processes behind the patterns.

将此与“国家认同”概念联系起来：难民涌入如何影响了接收国的政治叙事，导致反移民政党的崛起？使用具体统计数据，例如2015‑2016年德国收到超过100万份庇护申请，并评估长期融合结果。记住，爱德思考试局青睐分析而非描述，所以要始终解释模式背后的过程。

10. Applying Synoptic Links Across Case Studies | 综合运用案例间的联系

Year 13 examiners deliberately design questions that bridge topics. For instance, a question on water security can be enriched by bringing in your Amazon case study from the water cycle but also mentioning how China’s superpower status drives virtual water trade through food imports, or how migration from drought‑affected areas relates to the Syria crisis. This cross‑topic referencing shows real geographical fluency.

Year 13的考官有意设计跨越主题的题目。例如，一个水资源安全问题可以用你的亚马逊水循环案例来充实，但同时要提及中国的超级大国地位如何通过粮食进口驱动虚拟水贸易，或者受干旱影响的迁移如何与叙利亚危机相关联。这种跨主题的引述展现出真正的地理流畅度。

Create a matrix linking each case study to multiple themes. The Amazon rainforest serves water, carbon, and globalisation (soy exports to China). Japan’s earthquake links tectonics to superpower status (technological leadership in disaster mitigation). The London Docklands regeneration connects to globalisation (global city functions) and migration (population influx). Regularly practising these connections will transform your revision from isolated fact‑learning into a flexible, conceptual understanding that examiners reward with top‑band marks.

制作一个矩阵，将每个案例与多个主题联系起来。亚马逊雨林服务于水、碳和全球化（对中国的大豆出口）。日本地震将构造与超级大国地位联系起来（减灾技术领先）。伦敦码头区再生则与全球化（全球城市功能）和人口迁移（人口流入）结合起来。经常练习这些联系，将你的复习从孤立的事实学习转变成灵活的、概念性的理解，考官会因此给出顶层分数。

11. Exam Technique and Practice Questions | 考试技巧与真题练习

Timing is critical. For a 12‑mark question, allocate about 18–20 minutes. Spend the first 3–4 minutes planning your comparative structure and selecting the best case study evidence. Write a brief introduction that defines key terms and sets out your line of argument (rather than repeating the question). Each subsequent paragraph should compare a clear dimension, using two contrasting cases where possible. Finish with a concise conclusion that answers the question directly, weighing up the evidence and offering a nuanced judgement.

时间控制至关重要。对于12分题，分配大约18-20分钟。花前3-4分钟规划比较结构并选择最好的案例证据。写一个简短的引言，定义关键术语并明确你的论证思路（而不是复述题目）。随后的每个段落应对一个明确的维度进行比较，尽可能使用两个对比案例。最后要有一个简洁的结论，直接回答问题，权衡证据并给出有细微差别的判断。

Practice Question 1: Explain why the impact of tectonic hazards varies between places. (8 marks)
Practice Question 2: Evaluate the role of TNCs in accelerating globalisation. (20 marks)
Practice Question 3: Assess the extent to which regeneration projects can solve social inequality. (12 marks)

练习题目1：解释为何构造灾害的影响因地而异。（8分）
练习题目2：评估跨国公司在加速全球化中的作用。（20分）
练习题目3：评估再生项目能在多大程度上解决社会不平等。（12分）

For each, try to write a plan and a concluding paragraph within strict time limits. Then check against the mark scheme: do you include place‑specific detail? Is there a clear evaluative comment? Are you using geographical vocabulary such as ‘vulnerability’, ‘interdependence’, ‘mitigation’, ‘adaptive capacity’? Self‑assessment after practice is the fastest route to improvement.

针对每道题，尝试在严格的时间限制内写出大纲和结论段落。然后对照评分标准检查：是否包含了具体地方细节？是否有明确的评价性评语？是否使用了“脆弱性”“相互依赖”“缓解”“适应能力”等地理词汇？练习后的自我评估是进步最快的途径。

12. Final Tips for Mastering Case Studies | 掌握案例分析的最后叮嘱

Avoid the common mistake of trying to memorise every statistic. Instead, focus on a manageable set of detailed, multi‑faceted case studies that can be adapted to different questions. For each case, learn: (1) location and key spatial characteristics, (2) processes and interconnections, (3) specific data or facts that make your point, (4) contrasts or anomalies, and (5) evaluation of outcomes or management strategies. Using flashcards organised by theme rather than by case can help you practise synoptic thinking.

避免一个常见错误：试图记住每一个统计数字。相反，应集中精力掌握一组数量适中、细节丰富、多面向的案例，使其能适应不同的问题。每个案例要记住：（1）地点和关键空间特征，（2）过程和相互联系，（3）能支持你观点的具体数据或事实，（4）对比或异常情况，以及（5）对结果或管理策略的评价。使用按主题而不是按案例编排的闪卡，有助于练习综合思维。

Finally, always keep the examiner’s perspective in mind: they want to see that you can think like a geographer. That means recognising complexity, weighing evidence, and showing awareness of scale, place, and time. Your case study practical exercises should move beyond simple recall into critical, connective reasoning. The more you practise this under timed conditions, the more confident you will become. Good luck!

最后，始终要把考官的视角放在心上：他们希望看到你能像地理学家一样思考。这意味着能认识到复杂性，能够权衡证据，并表现出对尺度、地方和时间的意识。你的案例分析实战练习应该超越简单的回忆，进入批判性、联结性的推理。你在限时条件下练习得越多，就越有自信。祝你好运！

Published by TutorHao | Geography Revision Series | aleveler.com

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Year 13 Edexcel Geography: Case Study Practical Exercises | Year 13 Edexcel 地理：案例分析实战演练