📚 Year 13 Edexcel Geography: Key Terminology Rapid Recall Guide | Year 13 Edexcel 地理：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering the specialist vocabulary of A-level Geography is essential for success in both Paper 1 and Paper 2, as well as the synoptic Paper 3. Precise use of terminology demonstrates conceptual understanding and lifts your answers into the higher mark bands. This guide groups high-frequency Edexcel terms by topic, provides clear bilingual definitions and practical memory hooks to make revision faster and more effective.
掌握 A-level 地理的专业词汇对于在 Paper 1、Paper 2 以及综合性的 Paper 3 中取得成功至关重要。准确使用术语能够展现你对概念的理解，并将你的答案提升到更高分数段。本指南将 Edexcel 高频术语按主题分组，提供清晰的双语定义和实用的记忆挂钩，让复习更快、更高效。
1. Tectonic Processes and Hazards | 构造过程与灾害
Subduction – The process where one tectonic plate is forced beneath another into the mantle, often forming deep ocean trenches and volcanic arcs. Think of ‘sub’ meaning ‘under’, so one plate goes under another.
俯冲作用 – 指一个构造板块被挤压到另一个板块之下进入地幔的过程，通常会形成深海海沟和火山弧。记住’俯’就是向下的意思，一边跑到另一边下面。
Asthenosphere – The semi-molten, ductile layer of the upper mantle on which the rigid lithosphere slides. Picture ‘astheno’ as ‘asthenic’ (weak), so it’s the weak, squishy layer that carries the plates.
软流圈 – 上地幔中半熔融、具有延性的层，刚性的岩石圈就在它上面滑动。联想’软流’二字，像软软的流体一样让板块移动。
Liquefaction – During an earthquake, saturated unconsolidated sediments behave like a liquid, causing buildings to tilt or sink. Remember ‘liquid’ hidden inside ‘liquefaction’.
液化作用 – 地震发生时，饱和的松散沉积物变得像液体一样流动，导致建筑物倾斜或下沉。词里藏着’liquid’，就是变成液体的意思。
Seismic gap – A section of an active fault that has not experienced an earthquake for an unusually long time, implying built-up stress is waiting to be released. Think of it as a ‘silent gap’ in an otherwise noisy fault line.
地震空区 – 活动断层上长时间未发生地震的段落，暗示积累的应力正等待释放。可以想象一条嘈杂的断层线上突然出现了一个’沉默的缺口’。
2. Coastal Landscapes and Change | 海岸景观与变化
Eustatic sea-level change – A global change in ocean volume affecting sea levels everywhere, often caused by melting ice sheets or thermal expansion. ‘Eu’ sounds like ‘global’, true planetary scale.
海平面升降 – 由海洋水体体积全球性变化引起的海平面变动，通常源于冰盖融化或热膨胀。’Eustatic’ 中的 ‘eu’ 类似 ‘universal’，是全球范围的。
Isostatic rebound – The gradual rise of land masses after the removal of ice sheets, like a mattress slowly expanding when weight is lifted. Think of ‘iso’ (equal) + ‘static’ (standing) – the land is returning to its original ‘equal standing’.
均衡回弹 – 冰盖消融后陆地缓慢抬升的过程，就像床垫上的重物拿开后慢慢复原一样。可以记住’均衡’二字，陆地在找回平衡。
Fetch – The uninterrupted distance over water that wind blows to generate waves. Longer fetch = larger, more powerful waves. Imagine a dog chasing a stick – the longer the ‘fetch’, the bigger the wave it creates!
风区长度 – 风在水面上不停顿地吹过的距离。风区越长，波浪越大越强。就像狗狗追飞盘，扔得越远，“fetch”越长，带起的波浪越大。
Concordant coastline – A coastline where bands of rock run parallel to the shore, creating a uniform shape often with a single rocky headland. Think ‘concord = agreement’, the rocks and coast ‘agree’ on direction.
顺向海岸 – 岩层走向与海岸线平行的海岸，形状单一，常有一个岩石岬角。想到“顺从”，岩层顺着海岸走。
3. The Water Cycle and Water Insecurity | 水循环与水资源不安全
Baseflow – The portion of river flow supplied by groundwater seepage, sustaining rivers between rainfall events. Thinking ‘base’ as in baseline – the minimum flow a river always has.
基流 – 河流流量中由地下水渗流补给的部分，在没有降雨时维持河流的存在。’基’就是基础，这是河流最基本的水量。
Interception loss – Precipitation that is caught by vegetation and evaporates before reaching the ground. Picture leaves ‘intercepting’ rain like a basketball player intercepting a pass, and then the water is lost to the atmosphere.
截留损失 – 被植被截住并在到达地面前就蒸发掉的降水。想象树叶像篮球截球一样“截”住雨水，然后就损失在空气中。
Aquifer – An underground layer of permeable rock that stores and transmits groundwater. ‘Aqui’ means water, ‘fer’ means carry – it carries water below ground.
含水层 – 储存并传导地下水的可渗透岩石层。’Aqui’ 是水，’fer’ 是携带，地下运水的层次。
Desalination – The process of removing salt from seawater to produce fresh water. Just remember ‘de-salination’ = remove the ‘sal’ (salt).
海水淡化 – 去除海水中的盐分以生产淡水的工艺。就是 ‘de-‘ 去掉，’sal’ 盐，去掉盐分。
4. The Carbon Cycle and Energy Security | 碳循环与能源安全
Sequestration – The capture and long-term storage of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in forests, soils or geological reservoirs. Think of ‘sequester’ as capturing and locking away in a secure place, like a jury being secluded.
碳封存 – 通过森林、土壤或地质储层将大气中的二氧化碳捕获并长期储存。’Sequestration’ 听起来像把东西锁进保险箱，把碳关起来。
Peak oil – The theoretical point when global oil extraction reaches its maximum rate and begins to decline. Picture a mountain peak – once you cross it, the only way is down.
石油峰值 – 理论上全球石油开采速度达到最高点然后开始下降的时刻。想象山峰，过了山顶就是下坡路。
Biofuel – Fuel produced from organic matter such as plants, considered a renewable alternative to fossil fuels. ‘Bio’ (life) + ‘fuel’ – fuel from living things.
生物燃料 – 由植物等有机物制成的燃料，被视为化石燃料的可再生替代品。“生物”二字直接点明来源。
Energy mix – The combination of different energy sources used in a region – like a recipe where each source adds its own proportion. Picture a music mix, but with energy types instead of instruments.
能源结构 – 一个地区使用的各种能源的组合，就像菜谱里每样原料各占一份。想象调音台，各种能源拉出不同比例。
5. Globalisation | 全球化
Time-space compression – The reduction in the perceived distance between places due to improved transport and communications. Think of it as the world ‘shrinking’ because we can connect instantly across the globe.
时空压缩 – 由于交通和通讯的进步，地方之间的感知距离缩小。世界好像“缩水”了，因为我们可以瞬间连接全球。
Glocalisation – The adaptation of a global product to suit local tastes or customs. Combine ‘global’ + ‘local’ = glocal – a global product that feels local.
全球在地化 – 将全球产品加以调整以适应本地口味或习俗。把全球（global）和本地（local）拼在一起，就成了接地气的国际货。
Offshoring – Relocating business operations to another country, often to reduce labour costs. Imagine a boat moving a factory ‘off shore’ to another land across the water.
离岸外包 – 将业务运营转移到另一个国家，通常是为了降低劳动力成本。想象工厂被搬到海对岸去了，“离岸”而行。
BRICS – The acronym for Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, emerging economies with increasing economic influence. Think of the bricks building a new global economy.
金砖国家 – 巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非的首字母缩写，代表经济影响力日益增长的新兴经济体。BRICS 像英语里的“砖块”，一起搭起新经济大厦。
6. Superpowers | 超级大国
Hegemony – The political, economic or military dominance of one state over others. Think ‘hegemon’ sounds like ‘head’ – the head state leads everyone else.
霸权 – 一个国家在政治、经济或军事上对其他国家的支配地位。’Hegemony’ 里的 ‘heg’ 听起来像 ‘head’（头），领头羊。
Sphere of influence – The geographical area within which a superpower exerts cultural, economic or political control. Picture a bubble around a country that it influences.
势力范围 – 超级大国在其中施加文化、经济或政治控制的地理区域。想象一个大泡泡，里面的国家都受它影响。
Hard power vs soft power – Hard power uses military force or economic sanctions to coerce; soft power uses persuasion through culture, values or diplomacy. Think ‘hard’ as a hammer (force) and ‘soft’ as a feather (charm).
硬实力与软实力 – 硬实力用军事力量或经济制裁胁迫；软实力通过文化、价值观或外交来说服。硬得像锤子（武力），软得像羽毛（魅力）。
Unipolar / multipolar – A world dominated by one superpower (unipolar) or several competing centres of power (multipolar). ‘Uni’ = one, ‘multi’ = many – like a unicycle vs a bicycle built for many.
单极/多极 – 单一超级大国主导的世界为单极，多个竞争力量中心为多极。“单”就是一，“多”就是很多，像独轮车和多轮车。
7. Regenerating Places | 场所再生
Multiplier effect – The phenomenon where a new economic activity stimulates further growth, creating a cycle of increasing prosperity. Imagine dropping a stone into water – the ripples spread outward, each one a new benefit.
乘数效应 – 新的经济活动刺激进一步的增长，形成繁荣递增的循环。像投入水中的石子，涟漪一圈圈扩散，每一圈都是新的效益。
Gentrification – The inward investment and renovation of formerly run-down urban areas, often displacing the original lower-income residents. Think of ‘gentry’ – the upper class moving in and changing the neighbourhood.
绅士化 – 原本衰败的城市区域经过投资和改造，但往往导致原有低收入居民被替换。’Gentry’ 是中上阶层，他们搬进来让社区变样。
Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) – A composite measure of deprivation across income, employment, health and other domains. ‘Multiple’ tells you it’s not just about money; it’s a basket of disadvantages.
多重剥夺指数 – 综合衡量收入、就业、健康等方面剥夺程度的指标。’多重’ 表示不只是钱，而是各种不利条件的集合。
Brownfield site – Land previously used for industrial purposes or other development that may be contaminated. Picture the ‘brown’ colour of rusted old factories – those brown fields need cleaning.
棕地 – 以前用作工业或其他开发、可能存在污染的土地。想到锈迹斑斑的旧工厂区的“棕色”土地，需要清理。
8. Migration and Identity | 移民与身份认同
Net migration – The difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants in a given period. Simply ‘in minus out’ – net is what you have left over like the net on a tennis court.
净移民 – 一定时期内入境移民与出境移民的差额。就是进减出，像网球场的网（net），只剩下差值。
Transnational identity – An identity that spans across national borders, where individuals feel connected to more than one country. Think ‘trans’ (across) – a person’s sense of self crosses national lines.
跨国身份认同 – 跨越国界的身份认同，个人感到与不止一个国家有归属感。’Trans’ 就是跨越，人的自我意识穿越国界。
Remittance – Money sent by migrants back to their origin country, often a significant economic flow. ‘Re-‘ (again) + ‘mit’ (send) – money sent back again. Picture a boomerang of cash returning home.
汇款 – 移民寄回国籍来源国的钱，往往是重要经济流。’Re-‘ 是回，’mit’ 是寄，钱寄回去。像回旋镖一样飞回家。
Push-pull factors – Push factors drive people away from their origin (war, poverty); pull factors attract them to a destination (jobs, safety). Imagine a door – push from behind, pull from the front.
推拉因素 – 推力因素驱使人们离开原籍（战乱、贫困）；拉力因素吸引人们前往目的地（工作、安全）。像一扇门，从后面推，从前面拉。
9. Diverse Places | 多样化的地方
Counter-urbanisation – The movement of people from urban areas to rural villages and small towns. ‘Counter’ means against – against urbanisation, so people leave the city.
逆城市化 – 人口从城市地区迁往乡村和小镇的过程。’Counter’ 是逆着，逆着城市化方向走。
Socio-economic profile – A summary of the social and economic characteristics of an area, including income, education and housing. Think of a Facebook profile, but for a neighbourhood’s ‘life’ and wealth.
社会经济概况 – 对一个地区社会和经济特征的总结，包括收入、教育和住房。像一个社区的“个人资料页”，展示它的生活和财富。
Social segregation – The physical separation of different social groups within an urban area, often based on wealth or ethnicity. ‘Segregate’ means to set apart, like separating whites and yolks in an egg.
社会隔离 – 城市中不同社会群体在空间上的分隔，常基于财富或种族因素。’Segregate’ 就是分开，像把蛋白蛋黄分开一样。
10. Synoptic Skills and Command Words | 综合技能与指令词
Evaluate – To weigh up strengths and weaknesses, making a supported judgement. Think of a balance scale showing ‘good’ on one side and ‘bad’ on the other – you decide which way it tips.
评估 – 权衡优点和弱点，做出有理有据的判断。想象一架天平，一边放好处一边放坏处，你来判断哪边沉下去。
Synthesis – Integrating evidence from different topics or geographical scales to build a coherent argument. Like mixing ingredients in a cake, the final product brings all the separate elements together.
综合 – 将不同主题或空间尺度的证据整合起来，形成连贯的论证。像做蛋糕时把各种原料混合，最终成品将所有单独元素融合。
Quaternary sector – Industries based on knowledge-orientated jobs such as research, IT and high-level consultancy. ‘Quart’ as in four – the fourth sector beyond primary, secondary and tertiary. Think of the Qu four as the futuristic ‘smart’ sector.
第四产业 – 基于研究、信息技术和高级咨询等知识型工作的产业。’Quart’ 是四，在三次产业之后的第四层次。想象它像科幻片里的智慧产业。
Positive feedback loop – A process where a change in a system amplifies itself, leading to further change in the same direction. Like a microphone too close to a speaker – the sound gets louder and louder. For example, permafrost thaw releases methane, which warms climate, which thaws more permafrost.
正反馈循环 – 系统中一个变化会自我放大，导致同一方向的进一步变化。像麦克风凑近音箱，声音越来越刺耳。例如永冻土融化释放甲烷，加速变暖，导致更多融化。
Published by TutorHao | Geography Revision Series | aleveler.com
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