📚 GCSE AQA English Literature: Formulae & Key Terms Quick Reference | GCSE AQA 英语文学：公式定理速查手册
In GCSE AQA English Literature, success is not about memorising plot points but applying analytical frameworks that function like ‘formulae’ to decode texts and craft high-level responses. This handbook distils the essential terminology, mnemonic devices, and structural approaches for poetry, prose, and drama, giving you a quick reference to boost your revision and exam performance.
在GCSE AQA英语文学中，成功不在于死记情节，而在于运用像“公式定理”一样的分析框架解码文本，构建高分答案。本手册浓缩了诗歌、散文和戏剧的核心术语、记忆口诀和结构方法，为你提供速查指南，提升复习与应试表现。
1. The PEA / PETER Analytical Formula | 分析公式：PEA / PETER
Every analytical paragraph should follow the Point – Evidence – Analysis (PEA) structure. Begin with a clear statement that directly answers the question, not a general fact.
每个分析段落都应遵循论点—证据—分析（PEA）结构。开头要给出直接回答问题的清晰论点，而非泛泛之谈。
Embed your Evidence as a precise quotation woven into your sentence. Use short, relevant quotes rather than lengthy passages.
将证据作为精确的引文嵌入句子中，使用简短相关的引文，而非长篇摘录。
Next comes Analysis: explore the writer’s methods (word choice, imagery, structure) and explain the effect on the reader. The extended formula PETER adds Technique and Reader response (Point, Evidence, Technique, Effect, Reader).
接下来是分析：探究作者的方法（选词、意象、结构）并解释对读者的效果。扩展公式PETER增加了技巧和读者反应（论点、证据、技巧、效果、读者）。
2. Unseen Poetry: The FLIRT Method | 未知诗歌：FLIRT分析法
F – Form: Identify the poem’s type (sonnet, lyric, free verse) and its physical shape on the page. Stanzas, line length, and rhyme scheme all contribute to meaning.
F——形式：识别诗歌类型（十四行诗、抒情诗、自由诗）及其在页面上的形状。诗节、行长和押韵格式都影响意义。
L – Language: Pick out powerful words, figurative devices (simile, metaphor, personification) and sound effects (alliteration, onomatopoeia).
L——语言：挑出有力的词语、修辞手法（明喻、暗喻、
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