KS3 AQA French: Formula & Theorem Quick Reference Guide | KS3 AQA 法语:公式定理速查手册

📚 KS3 AQA French: Formula & Theorem Quick Reference Guide | KS3 AQA 法语:公式定理速查手册

This handbook provides a compact reference for the essential building blocks of KS3 AQA French, listing the key conjugation patterns, tense structures, negation formulas, and adjective agreements just like mathematical formulas. Mastering these ‘formulas’ will help you construct accurate sentences and boost your confidence in speaking, writing, and understanding French.

本手册为 KS3 AQA 法语课程的关键知识点提供了一份紧凑的速查指南,将核心的动词变位模式、时态结构、否定公式和形容词配合规则像数学公式一样列出。掌握这些“公式”将帮助你构建正确的句子,并提升在法语说、写和理解方面的信心。

1. Present Tense -er Verb Conjugation | 现在时 -er 动词变位公式

To conjugate regular -er verbs in the present tense, remove the -er ending and add the following endings to the stem: -e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent. The stem is the infinitive minus -er. Example: parler → parl-

要将规则 -er 动词变位成现在时,去掉 -er 词尾,并在词干上添加以下词尾:-e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent。词干是原形去掉 -er。例如:parler → parl-

je parle, tu parles, il/elle/on parle, nous parlons, vous parlez, ils/elles parlent


2. Present Tense -ir Verb Conjugation | 现在时 -ir 动词变位公式

Regular -ir verbs follow the pattern: remove -ir to get the stem, then add -is, -is, -it, -issons, -issez, -issent. Example: finir → fin-

规则 -ir 动词遵循以下模式:去掉 -ir 得到词干,然后添加 -is, -is, -it, -issons, -issez, -issent。例如:finir → fin-

je finis, tu finis, il/elle/on finit, nous finissons, vous finissez, ils/elles finissent


3. Present Tense -re Verb Conjugation | 现在时 -re 动词变位公式

For regular -re verbs, remove -re to find the stem and attach -s, -s, -, -ons, -ez, -ent. The third person singular has no ending. Example: vendre → vend-

对于规则 -re 动词,去掉 -re 得到词干,并加上 -s, -s, -, -ons, -ez, -ent。第三人称单数没有词尾。例如:vendre → vend-

je vends, tu vends, il/elle/on vend, nous vendons, vous vendez, ils/elles vendent


4. Key Irregular Verbs: être, avoir, aller, faire | 核心不规则动词:être, avoir, aller, faire

These four verbs are high-frequency and must be memorised as they do not follow regular patterns. They form the basis of many compound tenses and idioms.

这四个动词使用频率极高,必须牢记,因为它们不遵循规则模式。它们是许多复合时态和惯用语的基础。

être: je suis, tu es, il/elle/on est, nous sommes, vous êtes, ils/elles sont

avoir: j’ai, tu as, il/elle/on a, nous avons, vous avez, ils/elles ont

aller: je vais, tu vas, il/elle/on va, nous allons, vous allez, ils/elles vont

faire: je fais, tu fais, il/elle/on fait, nous faisons, vous faites, ils/elles font


5. Passé Composé Formula | 复合过去时构成公式

The passé composé is formed using the present tense of the auxiliary verb (avoir or être) + past participle. Most verbs use avoir. Verbs that use être include reflexive verbs and a group of intransitive verbs (often remembered by the acronym DR MRS VANDERTRAMP) and their past participles agree with the subject in gender and number.

复合过去时由助动词(avoir 或 être)的现在时 + 过去分词构成。大多数动词用 avoir。使用 être 的动词包括反身动词和一组不及物动词(常用 DR MRS VANDERTRAMP 助记),其过去分词需与主语在性和数上配合。

J’ai parlé, tu as fini, il a vendu. / Je suis allé(e), elle est tombée.


6. Imparfait Formula | 未完成过去时构成公式

To form the imparfait, take the nous form of the present tense, remove the -ons ending, and add the endings: -ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient. Example: nous parlons → parl- → je parlais.

构成未完成过去时,先取现在时 nous 的形式,去掉词尾 -ons,再加上词尾 -ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient。例如:nous parlons → parl- → je parlais。

je parlais, tu parlais, il/elle/on parlait, nous parlions, vous parliez, ils/elles parlaient


7. Futur Simple Formula | 简单将来时构成公式

The future simple stem for regular verbs is the infinitive (without dropping the final -r for -re verbs: vendre → vendr-). Add the endings: -ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont. Note that être, avoir, aller, faire have irregular future stems.

规则动词的简单将来时词干是动词原形(-re 动词去掉末尾的 -e:vendre → vendr-)。添加词尾:-ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont。注意 être, avoir, aller, faire 的将来时词干是不规则的。

je parlerai, tu finiras, il vendra. / je serai, tu auras, il ira, nous ferons.


8. Conditional Mood Formula | 条件式构成公式

The conditional mood uses the same stem as the future simple, with the endings of the imparfait: -ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient. It expresses ‘would’ or hypothetical situations.

条件式使用与简单将来时相同的词干,搭配未完成过去时的词尾:-ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient。它用来表达“会…”或假设情况。

je parlerais, tu finirais, il vendrait, nous serions, vous auriez, ils feraient.


9. Negation Formula | 否定式公式

The basic negation pattern is ‘ne + verb + pas’. In compound tenses, ne … pas wraps around the auxiliary verb, not the past participle. In the written form, ‘ne’ becomes ‘n” before a vowel or mute h.

基本的否定结构是“ne + 动词 + pas”。在复合时态中,ne … pas 包围助动词,而非过去分词。在书面语中,在元音或哑音 h 前,’ne’ 缩写为 ‘n”。

Je ne parle pas. Il n’a pas fini. Nous ne nous sommes pas levés.


10. Question Formula | 疑问句公式

There are three main ways to ask questions in French: (1) raising intonation at the end of a statement (informal), (2) using ‘Est-ce que’ at the beginning, (3) inversion of subject and verb. The ‘Est-ce que’ formula is versatile and safe for KS3 learners.

法语提问主要有三种方式:(1) 在陈述句末尾提升语调(非正式),(2) 在句首使用“Est-ce que”,(3) 主谓倒装。“Est-ce que”公式用途广泛,适合 KS3 学习者。

Tu parles français ? / Est-ce que tu parles français ? / Parles-tu français ?


11. Adjective Agreement Rules | 形容词性数配合规则

Adjectives agree in gender and number with the noun they describe. The general formula: masculine singular is the base form; add -e for feminine singular, add -s for masculine plural, add -es for feminine plural. Irregular adjectives have different patterns.

形容词需要与所修饰的名词在性和数上配合。一般公式:阳性单数是基本形式;加 -e 构成阴性单数,加 -s 构成阳性复数,加 -es 构成阴性复数。不规则形容词有不同的模式。

Masculine Singular Feminine Singular Masculine Plural Feminine Plural Example (petit)
petit petite petits petites un petit garçon / une petite fille

12. Comparative and Superlative Formulae | 比较级与最高级公式

Comparatives are formed with ‘plus/moins/aussi + adjective + que’. Superlatives use ‘le/la/les plus/moins + adjective’, placed before or after the noun according to normal adjective position.

比较级由“plus/moins/aussi + 形容词 + que”构成。最高级使用“le/la/les plus/moins + 形容词”,根据正常形容词位置放置在名词之前或之后。

Elle est plus grande que moi. C’est le livre le plus intéressant.


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