KS3 Cambridge Engineering: Vocabulary Memorisation Guide | KS3 剑桥工程：词汇术语速记指南

📚 KS3 Cambridge Engineering: Vocabulary Memorisation Guide | KS3 剑桥工程：词汇术语速记指南

Mastering engineering starts with understanding its language. This guide breaks down essential KS3 Cambridge engineering terms into clear, bite-sized explanations, helping you commit them to memory faster and apply them confidently in class and assessments. Each term is paired with a simple memory aid and organised by topic to mirror your syllabus.

掌握工程学从理解它的语言开始。这份指南将 KS3 剑桥工程核心术语分解成清晰、小段的解释，帮助你更快记住它们，并在课堂和评估中自信地运用。每个术语都配有一个简单的记忆窍门，并按主题整理，与你的课程大纲相对应。

1. Forces and Motion | 力与运动

A force is a push or a pull acting upon an object, measured in newtons (N). Think of Newton as the ‘new ton’ of weight you push against.

力是作用在物体上的推力或拉力，以牛顿（N）为单位。可以把牛顿想象成你推的“新的一吨”重量。

Motion is the change in an object’s position over time. Speed, velocity and acceleration are all ways to describe motion.

运动是物体位置随时间的变化。速度、速率和加速度都是描述运动的方式。

The key term ‘friction’ is a force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact. Without friction, you could not grip a pencil or walk – remind yourself that ‘friction fights motion’.

关键术语“摩擦力”是阻碍两个接触表面之间运动的力。没有摩擦力，你就无法握住铅笔或行走——提醒自己“摩擦力对抗运动”。

Gravity is the force that pulls objects towards the centre of the Earth. Its acceleration is about 9.8 m/s². Just remember: ‘gravity grips you to the ground’.

重力是将物体拉向地球中心的力。它的加速度约为 9.8 m/s²。记住：“重力把你吸在地上”。

Resultant force is the single force that has the same effect as all the original forces acting together. Picture ‘resultant’ as the ‘result’ after adding up all pushes and pulls.

合力是与所有原始力共同作用效果相同的单个力。把“合力”想象成所有推力和拉力相加后的“结果”。

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2. Materials and Properties | 材料与性能

Materials in engineering are chosen based on their properties. ‘Density’ tells you how much mass is packed into a given volume – lead is dense, aerogel is not. Think ‘dense = tightly packed’.

工程中选择材料依据其性能。“密度”告诉你给定体积内含有多少质量——铅很致密，气凝胶则疏松。想着“致密 = 挤得紧”。

Hardness measures a material’s resistance to scratching or indentation. Diamond is extremely hard. The word ‘hard’ is already in the name, so it’s hard to forget!

硬度衡量材料抵抗刮擦或压痕的能力。金刚石极硬。“硬”字已在词中，所以不难记。

Toughness is the ability to absorb energy and deform without breaking. A tough material can bend a lot before it snaps – imagine ‘tough’ as a rubber band that fights breaking.

韧性是在不断裂的情况下吸收能量并变形的能力。韧性材料在断裂前可以大幅弯曲——把“韧”想象成能抵抗断裂的橡皮筋。

Elasticity describes how well a material returns to its original shape after being stretched. ‘Elastic’ sounds like ‘stretch and snap back’. Springs are elastic.

弹性描述材料在拉伸后恢复原状的能力。“弹性”听起来像“拉伸并弹回”。弹簧是有弹性的。

Conductivity refers to how easily heat or electricity passes through a material. Copper has high electrical conductivity; wood does not. Connect ‘conduct’ with ‘conductor’ – like a train conductor guiding passengers.

导电性/导热性指热量或电流通过材料的难易程度。铜具有高电导率，木头没有。把“导电”与“导体”联系起来——就像列车长引导乘客。

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3. Structures and Mechanisms | 结构与机构

A structure is an arrangement of parts designed to support loads. Think of a bridge or a tower. The load is the weight or force that the structure must bear. ‘Load’ rhymes with ‘road’ – both carry heavy things.

结构是为支撑载荷而设计的部件组合。想想桥梁或塔。载荷是结构必须承受的重量或力。“载荷”与“道路”同韵——两者都承载重物。

Tension is a pulling force that stretches a material. A rope in a tug-of-war is under tension. Just picture a ‘tense’ situation where things are being pulled apart.

张力是一种使材料拉伸的拉力。拔河中的绳子处于张力之下。想象一个“紧张”的局面，物体被拉开。

Compression is a pushing force that squeezes a material. A pillar under a building experiences compression. ‘Compress’ means to press together.

压力是挤压材料的推力。建筑物下的柱子承受压力。“压缩”意味着压在一起。

Struts and ties are structural members: a strut resists compression, and a tie resists tension. Remember: ‘Struts are Squashed; Ties are Tightened’.

支撑杆和拉杆是结构构件：支撑杆抵抗压力，拉杆抵抗拉力。记住：“支撑杆被压缩；拉杆被拉紧”。

A mechanism is a system of parts that transmit and control motion. Levers, gears and pulleys are mechanisms. Synonym: ‘machine inset’.

机构是传递和控制运动的零件体系。杠杆、齿轮和滑轮都是机构。同义词：“机器内部装置”。

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4. Electronics and Circuits | 电子与电路

An electric circuit is a closed loop through which current can flow. If there is a break, it’s an open circuit and current stops. ‘Circuit’ comes from ‘circle’ – a complete loop.

电路是电流可以通过的闭合回路。如果有断裂，就是开路，电流停止。“电路”源自“圆圈”——一个完整的环。

Current is the flow of electric charge, measured in amperes (A). Picture a river current: the flow of water is like the flow of electrons.

电流是电荷的流动，以安培（A）为单位。想象水流：水的流动就像电子的流动。

Voltage is the push that drives current around a circuit, measured in volts (V). It’s the ‘electrical pressure’. Think ‘voltage = push to go’.

电压是驱动电流在回路中运动的力量，以伏特（V）为单位。它是“电压力”。想着“电压 = 推动前进”。

Resistance opposes the flow of current, measured in ohms (Ω). High resistance dims a bulb. ‘Resistance resists’ is enough to recall its function.

电阻阻碍电流流动，以欧姆（Ω）为单位。高电阻会调暗灯泡。“电阻抵抗”足以让你想起它的功能。

A series circuit has one single path for current; a parallel circuit has multiple paths. Remember: ‘series = single line; parallel = pair of lanes’.

串联电路为电流提供单一路径；并联电路有多条路径。记住：“串联 = 单行道；并联 = 一对车道”。

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5. Energy and Power | 能量与动力

Energy is the capacity to do work, measured in joules (J). It comes in many forms: kinetic, potential, thermal, electrical. ‘Energy equals effort’ – it takes effort to move something.

能量是做功的能力，以焦耳（J）为单位。它有多种形式：动能、势能、热能、电能。“能量等于努力”——移动物体需要努力。

Kinetic energy is movement energy. The faster an object moves, the more kinetic energy it has. ‘Kinetic’ sounds like ‘kinetic = moving’, like in cinema.

动能是运动的能量。物体移动越快，动能越大。“动能”听起来像“运动的”，就像电影院里的动态画面。

Gravitational potential energy is energy stored in an object due to its height. The higher the object, the greater its GPE. You can link ‘potential’ to ‘potential to fall’.

重力势能是物体因其高度而储存的能量。物体越高，重力势能越大。你可以将“势能”与“下落的潜力”联系起来。

Power is the rate at which energy is transferred or work is done, measured in watts (W). A 60 W bulb uses 60 joules every second. ‘Power is how fast you work’.

功率是能量转换或做功的速率，以瓦特（W）为单位。一个 60 W 的灯泡每秒使用 60 焦耳。“功率就是你做功的快慢”。

Efficiency compares useful output energy to total input energy, often shown as a percentage. No machine is 100% efficient. Think: ‘efficiency = useful out ÷ total in’.

效率是比较有用输出能量与总输入能量的比值，通常以百分比表示。没有机器是 100% 高效的。想着：“效率 = 有用输出 ÷ 总输入”。

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6. Manufacturing Processes | 制造工艺

Casting is when molten material is poured into a mould and left to solidify. Think of making a chocolate bar: liquid chocolate sets in a mould. ‘Cast’ is the shape that was ‘cast’ out.

铸造是将熔融材料倒入模具中并让其凝固。就像制作巧克力棒：液态巧克力在模具中定型。“铸造”就是把形状“浇铸”出来。

Forging uses compressive force to shape metal, often while hot. A blacksmith forges iron by hammering. ‘Forge’ and ‘force’ share the same root.

锻造利用压缩力使金属成形，通常在加热状态下进行。铁匠通过锤打锻造铁器。“锻造”与“力量”有着相同的词根。

Machining removes material from a workpiece using cutting tools. Drilling and turning are examples. ‘Machine’ the verb means to cut precisely.

机械加工使用切削刀具从工件上去除材料。钻孔和车削是其中的例子。“加工”这个动词意思是精确切割。

Joining connects components, such as welding, soldering, or adhesive bonding. Welding melts base metals; soldering uses a filler metal. ‘Join’ is the simplest description.

连接是将部件组合在一起，比如焊接、钎焊或粘接。焊接熔化母材；钎焊使用填充金属。“连接”是最简单的描述。

Additive manufacturing (3D printing) builds objects layer by layer. It ‘adds’ material rather than cutting it away. Recall ‘additive = adding up’.

增材制造（3D 打印）一层一层地构建物体。它“添加”材料而不是切除材料。记住“增材 = 增加”。

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7. Measurement and Units | 测量与单位

Length, mass and time are base quantities. Metre (m), kilogram (kg) and second (s) are their SI units. ‘MKS’ can remind you: Metre-Kilogram-Second.

长度、质量和时间是基本量。米（m）、千克（kg）和秒（s）是它们的国际单位。“MKS”可以提醒你：米-千克-秒。

Area is measured in square metres (m²). Volume is measured in cubic metres (m³). The small superscript shows the dimensions: ² for area, ³ for space.

面积以平方米（m²）为单位。体积以立方米（m³）为单位。小上标显示维度：² 表示面积，³ 表示空间。

Density formula: density = mass ÷ volume. Use the triangle trick: cover the quantity you want, and the remaining two show the calculation.

ρ = m / V

(ρ is density, m is mass, V is volume). Link ‘density’ to ‘dense city’ – lots of mass in a small area.

密度公式：密度 = 质量 ÷ 体积。使用三角形技巧：盖住你要求的量，剩下的两个显示计算方法。

ρ = m / V

（ρ 是密度，m 是质量，V 是体积）。将“密度”与“密集的城市”联系起来——小区域内有很多质量。

Force is calculated by:

F = m × a

(force = mass × acceleration). A one-kilogram mass accelerating at 1 m/s² feels a force of one newton. ‘Fma’ sounds like ‘Fama’ – a famous formula.

力的计算公式为：

F = m × a

（力 = 质量 × 加速度）。一千克的物体以 1 m/s² 加速时，受到一牛顿的力。“Fma”听起来像“Fama”——一个著名的公式。

Pressure is force per unit area:

P = F / A

. High heels exert more pressure than flat shoes because the same force is concentrated. ‘Pressure presses on a small area’.

压强是单位面积上的力：

P = F / A

。高跟鞋比平底鞋产生更大压强，因为同样的力被集中了。“压强在小的面积上挤压”。

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8. Safety in Engineering | 工程安全

Hazard is anything with the potential to cause harm, like a sharp edge or a live wire. ‘Hazard’ signals ‘danger zone’.

危险源是任何可能造成伤害的东西，例如锋利的边缘或带电导线。“危险源”意味着“危险区域”。

Risk is the likelihood of harm occurring, considering how likely and how severe. Wearing goggles reduces the risk of eye injury. ‘Risk = likelihood × severity’.

风险是发生伤害的可能性，同时考虑可能性和严重程度。戴护目镜降低眼部受伤风险。“风险 = 可能性 × 严重性”。

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) includes goggles, gloves, lab coats and steel-toe boots. ‘PPE’ is your Personal Padding against Engineering hazards.

个人防护装备（PPE）包括护目镜、手套、实验服和钢头靴。“PPE”是你抵御工程危险的个人护垫。

Guards and shields on machines prevent contact with moving parts. Never remove a guard while the machine is running. ‘Guard’ means ‘guard yourself’.

机器上的防护罩和挡板防止接触运动部件。机器运行时切勿移除防护罩。“防护罩”意思是“保护你自己”。

CO₂ fire extinguishers are used for electrical fires; foam extinguishers for flammable liquids. Remember: ‘Carbon for Current, Foam for Fuel’.

二氧化碳灭火器用于电气火灾；泡沫灭火器用于易燃液体火灾。记住：“碳对电流，泡沫对燃油”。

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9. Design and Innovation | 设计与创新

The design process is a cycle: research, design brief, generate ideas, prototype, test, evaluate, improve. ‘R-D-I-P-T-E-I’ can be chanted as ‘Ready, Design, Improve, Perfect, Test, Evaluate, Inspire’.

设计过程是一个循环：研究、设计概要、生成创意、制作原型、测试、评估、改进。R-D-I-P-T-E-I 可以这样记：“准备、设计、改进、完善、测试、评估、启发”。

A prototype is a first working model of a product, used to test and refine. ‘Proto’ means first, so prototype = first type.

原型是产品的第一个工作模型，用于测试和完善。“Proto”表示第一，所以原型 = 第一种类型。

Ergonomics is the study of how people interact with products, focusing on comfort, safety and efficiency. An ergonomic chair supports your posture. ‘Ergo’ = work, ‘nomics’ = rules – rules of work comfort.

人体工程学是研究人与产品如何互动的学科，关注舒适、安全和效率。符合人体工学的椅子支撑你的姿势。“Ergo” = 工作，“nomics” = 规则——工作舒适度的规则。

Sustainability means using resources without harming future generations’ ability to meet their needs. Choose renewable, recyclable materials. ‘Sustain’ = keep going for long.

可持续性意味着在不损害后代满足其需求的能力的前提下使用资源。选择可再生、可回收的材料。“可持续” = 长久地持续下去。

Innovation is turning creative ideas into practical solutions. An innovation improves what exists or creates something new. ‘Innovation’ includes ‘nova’ – new star.

创新是将创意转化为实用解决方案。一项创新可以改进现有的东西或创造新事物。“创新”包含“nova”——新星。

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Published by TutorHao | Engineering Revision Series | aleveler.com

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