KS3 Cambridge English: Formulas and Rules Quick Reference Handbook | 剑桥KS3英语：公式定理速查手册

📚 KS3 Cambridge English: Formulas and Rules Quick Reference Handbook | 剑桥KS3英语：公式定理速查手册

Much like mathematics or science, English has its own set of formulas, patterns, and rules that can guide you to write, read, and speak more accurately. This quick reference handbook brings together the essential formulas for grammar, punctuation, writing structure, and literary analysis that every KS3 Cambridge student should master. By learning these patterns, you can approach English with the same logical mindset you apply to other subjects.

就像数学或科学一样，英语也有自己的一套公式、模式和规则，可以引导你更准确地写作、阅读和表达。本速查手册汇集了语法、标点、写作结构和文学分析的基本公式，是每一位 KS3 剑桥学生都应掌握的。通过学习这些模式，你可以用学习其他学科的逻辑思维来学好英语。

1. Sentence Formulas: Simple, Compound, Complex | 句型公式：简单句、并列句、复杂句

Every sentence in English follows a predictable structure. The simplest formula is the independent clause, which expresses a complete thought and can stand alone.

英语中每个句子都遵循可预测的结构。最简单的公式是独立子句，它表达完整的意思，可以独立存在。

Simple Sentence Formula: Subject + Verb (+ Object/Complement)

For example, ‘The cat (S) sat (V) on the mat (O).’ This is the core building block of all writing.

例如，“猫（主语）坐在（动词）垫子（宾语）上。”这是所有写作的核心构件。

To join two equally important ideas, use a compound sentence formula with a coordinating conjunction.

要连接两个同等重要的想法，可使用带有并列连词的并列句公式。

Compound Sentence Formula: Independent Clause + , FANBOYS + Independent Clause

FANBOYS stands for For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So. Remember to place a comma before the conjunction.

FANBOYS 代表 For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So。记住在连词前加逗号。

When one idea depends on another, use a complex sentence, which combines an independent clause with a dependent clause introduced by a subordinating conjunction.

当一个想法依赖于另一个想法时，使用复杂句，它将一个独立子句与一个由从属连词引导的从属子句结合起来。

Complex Sentence Formula: Independent Clause + Subordinating Conjunction + Dependent Clause

Common subordinating conjunctions include because, although, when, if, since. The dependent clause cannot stand alone.

常见的从属连词包括 because, although, when, if, since。从属子句不能独立存在。

2. Punctuation Rules: Commas, Full Stops and More | 标点符号规则：逗号、句号及更多

Punctuation marks act as signposts in your writing, telling the reader when to pause, stop, or interpret a list. The full stop (.) marks the end of a declarative sentence.

标点符号就像写作中的路标，告诉读者何时停顿、停止或解读列表。句号（.）标记陈述句的结束。

Commas have several key formulas. Use commas to separate items in a list of three or more: ‘We packed sandwiches, fruit, and drinks.’

逗号有几个关键公式。用逗号分隔三个或以上项目的列表：“我们打包了三明治、水果和饮料。”

List Comma Rule: Item 1, Item 2, and Item 3

Use a comma after an introductory phrase or clause: ‘After the storm, the sun appeared.’

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