📚 KS3 WJEC Engineering: Vocabulary & Terminology Memorisation Guide | KS3 WJEC 工程：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to your quick memorisation guide for KS3 WJEC Engineering. Mastering technical vocabulary is essential for understanding engineering concepts, communicating design ideas, and preparing for assessments. This article breaks down key terms by topic, providing pointed definitions and clever memory hooks in both English and Chinese to help you revise efficiently and retain information longer.
欢迎使用 KS3 WJEC 工程术语速记指南。掌握技术词汇对于理解工程概念、交流设计想法以及准备考试至关重要。本文按主题分解关键术语，提供精炼的定义和中英双语的巧妙记忆线索，帮助你高效复习，延长记忆保留时间。
1. Materials and Their Properties | 材料及其性能
In engineering, selecting the right material depends on understanding its properties — how it behaves under force, heat, or electrical conditions. Common material categories include metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. Below are fundamental terms with memory tips to lock them into your mind.
在工程中，选择合适的材料取决于对其性能的理解——即它在受力、受热或通电情况下的表现。常见材料类别包括金属、聚合物、陶瓷和复合材料。以下是基本术语以及记忆技巧，帮你牢牢锁住这些概念。
| Term | Meaning (English) | 中文速记 |
|---|---|---|
| Strength | Ability to withstand force without breaking or deforming permanently. | 强度：抵抗外力不破坏。联想“强壮”才能承受。 |
| Hardness | Resistance to indentation, scratching, or wear. | 硬度：抗压入或刮擦。记忆：硬则难刻划。 |
| Toughness | Ability to absorb energy and deform without fracturing. | 韧性：吸能且变形却不断裂。像“韧带”不易断。 |
| Ductility | Capacity to be stretched into a wire without breaking. | 延展性：可拉丝。duct（管道）可延伸。 |
| Malleability | Capacity to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets. | 可锻性/展性：可锤成薄片。malle与“木槌”mallet相关。 |
| Elasticity | Ability to return to original shape after deforming force is removed. | 弹性：卸力后恢复原状。弹性如橡皮筋。 |
Try this memory trick: ‘Malleable’ metals can be shaped by a mallet, and ‘ductile’ ones are drawn into ducts. Many materials show a trade‑off — a harder metal may be more brittle.
试试这个记忆窍门：“Malleable”金属可用槌(mallet)锤打，“ductile”金属可拉成管(duct)。许多材料存在取舍——更硬的金属可能更脆。
2. Tools and Workshop Equipment | 工具与车间设备
Engineers rely on a variety of hand tools and workshop equipment to shape, measure, and assemble components. Recognising these tools and their correct names is vital for safety and precision. Here are some common items you will use or reference in KS3 projects.
工程师依赖各种手动工具和车间设备来加工、测量和装配零件。准确识别这些工具及其名称对安全和精度至关重要。以下是你将在KS3项目中用到或提及的常见工具。
| Tool | Purpose | 中文速记 |
|---|---|---|
| Hacksaw | A fine‑toothed saw for cutting metal or plastic. | 钢锯：细齿锯，切割金属/塑料。hack砍切。 |
| Engineer’s vice | A strong clamp fixed to a bench to hold work securely. | 台钳：固定工件的强力夹具。vice夹紧。 |
| Flat file | A tool with rough surfaces for smoothing or shaping metal. | 平锉：带粗糙纹路的打磨整形工具。file锉平。 |
| Centre punch | A pointed tool to mark a dimple before drilling. | 中心冲：钻孔前打点定位。punch冲坑。 |
| Soldering iron | A heated tool used to melt solder for joining electronic parts. | 电烙铁：加热熔化焊锡连接电子元件。solder焊接。 |
When learning tool names, link the action to the word: a ‘file’ files material down, a ‘vice’ holds like a gripping hand. Practise naming each tool in both languages to build fluency.
学习工具名称时，将动作与单词关联：“file”就是把材料锉平，“vice”像手一样夹紧。练习用中英双语说出每个工具名称，以提升熟练度。
3. Health and Safety in Engineering | 工程中的健康与安全
Safety is the foundation of all engineering work. You must understand common hazard symbols, risk terms, and protective measures. Knowing this vocabulary is not just for exams — it keeps you and others safe in the workshop.
安全是所有工程作业的基础。你必须认识常见危险符号、风险术语和防护措施。掌握这些词汇不仅为了考试，更能保障你和同处车间的人员安全。
| Term | Definition | 中文速记 |
|---|---|---|
| PPE | Personal Protective Equipment, e.g. goggles, gloves, apron. | 个人防护装备：护目镜、手套、围裙等。记住PPE三个字母。 |
| Risk assessment | A process of identifying hazards and deciding who might be harmed and how. | 风险评估：辨识危险并确定伤害对象与方式。先找hazard再评估risk。 |
| Hazard | Anything with the potential to cause harm. | 危险源：可能造成伤害的事物。hazard与“灾难”联想。 |
| COSHH | Control of Substances Hazardous to Health – regulations for safe use of chemicals. | 有害健康物质控制：化学品安全规定。coshh谐音“可适”。 |
| Fume extraction | System to remove dangerous fumes or dust from the breathing zone. | 排烟/除尘：抽走有害烟雾粉尘。extraction抽提。 |
Visualise the workshop: before using a soldering iron, switch on fume extraction and wear safety glasses. Rehearse the sequence to embed both the terms and safe habits.
想象车间场景：使用电烙铁前，打开排烟装置并佩戴护目镜。反复演练顺序，以嵌入术语和安全习惯。
4. Manufacturing Processes | 制造工艺
From cutting to 3D printing, manufacturing processes transform raw materials into finished parts. KS3 engineering introduces the basic operations used in school workshops and industry. Recognising these processes helps you choose the right method for a design.
从切割到3D打印，制造工艺将原材料转变成成品。KS3工程介绍了学校车间和工业中使用的基本操作。识别这些工艺有助于你为设计选择正确的方法。
| Process | Description | 中文速记 |
|---|---|---|
| Sawing | Cutting material using a toothed blade. | 锯切：用带齿刀片切割。saw锯子。 |
| Drilling | Making a round hole with a rotating drill bit. | 钻孔：旋转钻头钻圆孔。drill钻。 |
| Turning | A workpiece rotates while a cutting tool shapes it (on a lathe). | 车削：工件旋转，刀具切削（车床）。工件turn。 |
| Milling | Rotating cutters remove material from a stationary workpiece. | 铣削：旋转刀具切削固定工件。mill磨坊转刀。 |
| Casting | Pouring molten material into a mould and allowing it to solidify. | 铸造：将熔融材料浇入模具凝固。cast投铸。 |
| Additive manufacturing (3D printing) | Building up an object layer by layer from a digital model. | 3D打印：逐层堆积成形。add添加。 |
Remember: turning involves the workpiece that turns, while milling involves the cutter that spins. For 3D printing, think ‘additive’ – material is added, not removed.
记住：车削是工件旋转，铣削是刀具旋转。对于3D打印，回想“additive”——材料是添加而非去除。
5. Forces and Structural Elements | 力与结构构件
Structures must withstand different types of forces. Engineers use specific terms to describe loads and the elements that resist them. Understanding tension, compression, and their friends is like learning the alphabet of structural engineering.
结构必须承受不同类型的力。工程师使用特定术语来描述载荷和抵抗载荷的构件。理解拉伸、压缩等概念如同学习结构工程的字母表。
| Term | Meaning | 中文速记 |
|---|---|---|
| Tension | Force that pulls or stretches a material. | 拉伸（张力）：拉长材料的力。ten-伸展。 |
| Compression | Force that pushes or squeezes a material. | 压缩：挤压材料的力。com-共同+press压。 |
| Torsion | Twisting force, for example on a screwdriver shaft. | 扭转：拧转的力。tors-扭曲，如螺丝刀柄。 |
| Shear | Force causing parts to slide past each other, like scissors cutting. | 剪切：使材料层滑移的力。剪刀shear剪切。 |
| Strut | A structural member designed to resist compression. | 压杆：抵抗压缩的构件。strut支撑。 |
| Tie | A member designed to resist tension. | 拉杆：抵抗拉伸的构件。tie捆扎。 |
When analysing a bridge, look for elements in tension (being pulled) and compression (being squashed). Remember: a tie is tight under tension, a strut is strong in compression.
分析桥梁时，寻找受拉（被拉）和受压（被压）的构件。记住：tie（拉杆）在拉力下绷紧，strut（压杆）在压力下坚挺。
6. Simple Electronics | 基础电子学
Electronics is a core part of KS3 engineering projects. You need to be confident with basic circuit terms, components, and Ohm’s law. Use these quick references to keep voltage, current, and resistance straight.
电子学是KS3工程项目的核心部分。你需要对基本电路术语、元器件和欧姆定律充满信心。利用这些快速参考来理清电压、电流和电阻的关系。
| Term | Definition | 中文速记 |
|---|---|---|
| Voltage (V) | The ‘push’ that drives electric current around a circuit, measured in volts. | 电压：驱动电流的“推力”，单位伏特。 voltage-伏。 |
| Current (I) | The flow of electric charge, measured in amperes (A). | 电流：电荷流动，单位安培。 current流动。 |
| Resistance (R) | Opposition to current flow, measured in ohms (Ω). | 电阻：对电流的阻碍，单位欧姆(Ω)。 resist抵抗。 |
| Ohm’s Law | V = I × R, showing the relationship among voltage, current and resistance. | 欧姆定律：V=I×R，电压=电流×电阻。 |
| LED | Light Emitting Diode – a component that lights up when current flows in the correct direction. | 发光二极管：电流正向时点亮。LED发亮。 |
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