Polymers | 聚合物

📚 Polymers | 聚合物

Welcome to this KS3 Chemistry revision guide on polymers. A polymer is a very large molecule made by joining together many small repeating units called monomers. In this article, you will learn how polymers form, how their structures affect their properties, and why they are so important in everyday life.

欢迎阅读本 KS3 化学“聚合物”复习指南。聚合物是由许多称为单体的小重复单元连接而成的非常大的分子。在本文中，你将学习聚合物如何形成、它们的结构如何影响性质，以及它们为何在日常生活中如此重要。

1. What Is a Polymer? | 什么是聚合物？

A polymer is a giant molecule made from thousands or millions of smaller molecules called monomers. The word ‘polymer’ comes from Greek: ‘poly’ means many and ‘mer’ means part, so a polymer is literally a many-part molecule.

聚合物是由成千上万个叫做单体的小分子组成的巨型分子。“聚合物”一词来自希腊语：“poly”表示“许多”，“mer”表示“部分”，因此聚合物字面意思就是“多部分分子”。

Polymers are all around us. Plastics, rubber, wool, silk, paper, starch, proteins and DNA are all examples of polymers. Some are natural and some are synthetic, but they all share the same basic idea of a long chain made from repeating units.

聚合物在我们身边无处不在。塑料、橡胶、羊毛、丝绸、纸张、淀粉、蛋白质和 DNA 都是聚合物的例子。有些是天然的，有些是合成的，但它们都遵循同一种基本结构：由重复单元组成的长链。

Because polymer molecules are so large, chemists sometimes call them macromolecules. Their size and chain-like structure give them special physical properties that small molecules do not have.

由于聚合物分子非常大，化学家有时称它们为大分子。它们的尺寸和链状结构赋予了它们小分子所没有的特殊物理性质。

2. Monomers and Repeating Units | 单体与重复单元

Monomers are small, reactive molecules that can join together to make a polymer. The repeating unit is the smallest section of the polymer chain that is repeated again and again. For example, the monomer ethene forms the polymer poly(ethene).

单体是可以连接在一起形成聚合物的小分子。重复单元是聚合物链中一次又一次重复的最小部分。例如，乙烯单体会形成聚乙烯。

In poly(ethene), the repeating unit is -CH₂-CH₂-. This unit repeats many times to create a very long chain. The number of repeating units is

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