A-Level CAIE Geography: Key Terminology Memory Guide | A-Level CAIE 地理：词汇术语速记指南

📚 A-Level CAIE Geography: Key Terminology Memory Guide | A-Level CAIE 地理：词汇术语速记指南

This guide breaks down the most frequently examined terms in CAIE A-Level Geography 9696 into thematic groups. Each section gives definitions, memory anchors, and links to case-study contexts so you can recognise the language examiners expect.

本指南将 CAIE A-Level 地理 9696 考试中最常考查的术语按主题分组。每节提供定义、记忆锚点以及与案例研究语境的联系，帮助你识别考官期望使用的语言。

1. Hydrological Cycle & Drainage Basin Terms | 水文循环与流域术语

In drainage basin hydrology, precipitation is any moisture reaching the surface, while interception describes water caught by vegetation before it hits the ground. Infiltration is movement into soil, and percolation is deeper downward movement into rock.

在流域水文中，降水是到达地表的任何水分，而截留描述水在落地前被植被截获。下渗是水进入土壤的运动，渗漏则是水向更深处岩层下移。

Throughflow flows laterally through the upper soil, while groundwater flow moves through bedrock. Baseflow is the sustained groundwater contribution that keeps rivers flowing between storms.

壤中流在土壤上层侧向流动，而地下水流经基岩。基流是地下水持续的补给，使河流在两次暴雨之间仍保持流动。

A storm hydrograph shows river discharge over time. Key terms are rising limb, falling limb, lag time and peak discharge. Short lag time and high peak often mean rapid runoff, common in urbanised or steep catchments.

暴雨流量过程线显示河流流量随时间的变化。关键术语有涨水段、退水段、滞后时间和洪峰流量。滞后时间短、洪峰高通常意味着快速径流，常见于城市化或陡峭流域。

Memory anchor: infiltration is ‘in-soak’ at the soil surface, while percolation is ‘per-rock’ deeper down. Baseflow can be remembered as the base supply that does not stop.

记忆锚点：下渗是地表处的“入土”，渗漏是更深的“入岩”。基流可记为不会停止的底部补给。

2. Coastal Processes & Landforms | 海岸过程与地貌术语

Coastal erosion has four main processes: hydraulic action, abrasion or corrasion, attrition, and solution or corrosion. Hydraulic action uses wave force to compress air in cracks; abrasion scrapes the coast with sediment; attrition wears rock fragments against each other; solution dissolves rock chemically.

海岸侵蚀有四个主要过程：水力作用、磨蚀、磨圆和溶蚀。水力作用利用波浪压力压缩裂隙空气；磨蚀用沉积物刮削海岸；磨圆使岩屑相互磨损；溶蚀则化学溶解岩石。

Transportation is remembered by the initials TSSS: traction rolls large material, saltation bounces sand, suspension carries fine silt, and solution moves dissolved minerals. These processes are active when waves are constructive or destructive depending on energy.

搬运过程用首字母 TSSS 记忆：推移滚动大颗粒物，跃移弹跳沙粒，悬移携带细粉砂，溶移搬运溶解矿物。这些过程在波浪能量不同时，分别以建设性或破坏性方式活动。

Deposition builds landforms such as spits, bars and tombolos. A spit is a curved beach extending from the coast; a bar joins two headlands across a bay; a tombolo links the shore to an island.

沉积作用形成沙嘴、沙坝和连岛沙洲等地貌。沙嘴是从海岸延伸出的弯曲海滩；沙坝横跨海湾连接两个岬角；连岛沙洲将海岸与岛屿相连。

Memory anchor: erosion can be reduced to H A A S, said as ‘High And Ate Sand’. Transportation is TSSS, said as ‘Trains Sometimes Slip Sideways’.

记忆锚点：侵蚀可简化为 H A A S，读作“高处吃沙”。搬运为 TSSS，可读作“火车有时侧滑”。

3. Plate Tectonics & Hazards | 板块构造与灾害术语

Plate boundaries are constructive, destructive, collision, and conservative. Constructive boundaries move apart, such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Destructive boundaries involve oceanic subducting under continental plate, such as the Peru-Chile Trench. Collision boundaries push two continental plates together, such as the Himalayas. Conservative boundaries slide past each other, such as the San Andreas Fault.

板块边界分为建设型、破坏型、碰撞型和保守型。建设型边界板块分离，如大西洋中脊；破坏型边界大洋板块俯冲到大陆板块之下，如秘鲁-智利海沟；碰撞型边界两个大陆板块汇聚，如喜马拉雅山脉；保守型边界板块相互滑动，如圣安德烈亚斯断层。

At destructive margins, subduction can cause deep-focus earthquakes and explosive volcanoes. At conservative margins, friction causes shallow-focus earthquakes. At constructive margins, basaltic lava forms shield volcanoes.

在破坏型边界，俯冲可引发深源地震和爆裂式火山。保守型边界摩擦引发浅源地震。建设型边界的玄武岩熔岩形成盾状火山。

Hazard terms include focus, epicentre, magnitude, and intensity. The focus is the underground point of rupture; the epicentre is the surface point directly above. Magnitude is measured by the Richter or moment magnitude scale; intensity is measured by the Modified Mercalli scale. Secondary hazards include tsunamis, landslides, liquefaction and lahars.

灾害术语包括震源、震中、震级和烈度。震源是地下破裂点；震中是震源正上方的地表点。震级用里氏或矩震级测量；烈度用修正麦加利烈度表衡量。次生灾害包括海啸、滑坡、液化和火山泥流。

Memory anchor: four boundary types can be remembered as C D C C, said as ‘Cool Dogs Chase Cats’. Focus is under the surface; epicentre is the point on top, like ‘epi’ meaning upon.

记忆锚点：四种边界类型可记为 C D C C，读作“酷狗追猫”。震源在地表之下；震中在上方，可联系“epi”表示在上。

4. Atmosphere, Weather & Climate | 大气、天气与气候术语

Global atmospheric circulation is driven by insolation, the incoming solar radiation. Albedo measures reflect

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