📚 IGCSE CAIE Spanish: Core Knowledge Points Summary | IGCSE CAIE 西班牙语:核心知识点梳理
This guide summarises the core grammar, vocabulary and exam skills you need for the Cambridge IGCSE Spanish (CAIE) syllabus. Use it as a revision checklist to consolidate key points before your speaking, listening, reading and writing papers.
本指南总结了剑桥 IGCSE 西班牙语(CAIE)课程所需的核心语法、词汇和考试技巧。你可以将其作为复习清单,在口语、听力、阅读和写作考试前巩固重点。
1. Nouns and Gender | 名词与性别
In Spanish every noun is either masculine or feminine. Most nouns ending in -o are masculine, and most ending in -a are feminine, but there are exceptions such as ‘el día’ and ‘la mano’.
西班牙语中每个名词都有阴阳性。以 -o 结尾的名词大多是阳性,以 -a 结尾的大多是阴性,但也有例外,如 ‘el día’(日子)和 ‘la mano’(手)。
Nouns ending in -ción, -sión, -dad and -tad are usually feminine, while nouns ending in -ma, -pa and -ta of Greek origin are often masculine.
以 -ción、-sión、-dad 和 -tad 结尾的名词通常是阴性,而源自希腊语、以 -ma、-pa 和 -ta 结尾的名词往往是阳性。
Some common exceptions include ‘el problema’, ‘el sistema’, ‘el tema’, ‘la foto’, ‘la moto’ and ‘la radio’. Learn these together with their article.
一些常见例外包括 ‘el problema’(问题)、’el sistema’(系统)、’el tema’(主题)、’la foto’(照片)、’la moto’(摩托车)和 ‘la radio’(收音机)。学习时要把冠词和名词一起记忆。
2. Articles and Number | 冠词与数
The definite articles are ‘el’ (masculine singular), ‘la’ (feminine singular), ‘los’ (masculine plural) and ‘las’ (feminine plural). Indefinite articles are ‘un’, ‘una’, ‘unos’ and ‘unas’.
定冠词有 ‘el’(阳性单数)、’la’(阴性单数)、’los’(阳性复数)和 ‘las’(阴性复数)。不定冠词有 ‘un’、’una’、’unos’ 和 ‘unas’。
To form the plural, add -s if the noun ends in a vowel, and -es if it ends in a consonant. Words ending in -z change to -ces, as in ‘lápiz’ → ‘lápices’.
名词构成复数时,以元音结尾加 -s,以辅音结尾加 -es。以 -z 结尾的词变 -z 为 -ces,如 ‘lápiz’ → ‘lápices’(铅笔)。
Remember that the whole noun phrase must agree: ‘las casas blancas’ not ‘la casas blancas’. This agreement is central to accuracy in writing and speaking.
记住整个名词短语要保持一致:’las casas blancas’(白色的房子),而不是 ‘la casas blancas’。这种一致性对写作和口语的准确性至关重要。
3. Adjectives: Agreement and Position | 形容词:一致性与位置
Adjectives must agree in gender and number with the noun they describe. Adjectives ending in -o change to -a in the feminine, and add -s or -es in the plural.
形容词必须与所修饰名词的性数一致。以 -o 结尾的形容词阴性变为 -a,复数加 -s 或 -es。
Most descriptive adjectives come after the noun in Spanish: ‘un coche rojo’ (a red car). However, some short and common adjectives come before, such as ‘bueno’, ‘malo’, ‘grande’ and ‘pequeño’.
西班牙语中大多数描述性形容词位于名词之后:’un coche rojo’(一辆红色汽车)。但一些常见短形容词位于名词之前,如 ‘bueno’(好)、’malo’(坏)、’grande’(大)和 ‘pequeño’(小)。
The adjectives ‘bueno’
Published by TutorHao | IGCSE 西班牙语 Revision Series | aleveler.com
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