IGCSE Cambridge Media Studies Vocabulary and Terminology Quick-Memory Guide | IGCSE剑桥媒体研究词汇术语速记指南

📚 IGCSE Cambridge Media Studies Vocabulary and Terminology Quick-Memory Guide | IGCSE剑桥媒体研究词汇术语速记指南

This guide breaks down the most frequently examined terms in Cambridge IGCSE Media Studies (0947). Each section links the English term to a concise Chinese explanation so you can revise faster and write precise media answers.

本指南拆解剑桥IGCSE媒体研究（0947）最常见考点术语。每个部分都将英文术语与简明中文解释配对，帮助你更快复习并在答题中写出准确的媒体分析。

1. Media Language: The Building Blocks | 媒体语言：基础模块

Media language describes the technical, symbolic and written codes producers use to communicate meaning. You should be able to name camera shots, lighting choices, editing decisions and sound types in an unseen text.

媒体语言描述创作者用来传递意义的技术编码、象征编码和书面编码。你应当能够指出未见文本中的镜头景别、灯光选择、剪辑决策和声音类型。

Common technical terms include close-up, extreme close-up, long shot, low-angle shot, high-angle shot, pan, tilt, tracking shot, cut, fade, dissolve, diegetic sound and non-diegetic sound.

常见技术术语包括特写、大特写、远景、仰拍、俯拍、摇镜、俯仰镜、推轨镜头、剪切、淡入淡出、叠化、剧情内声音和非剧情内声音。

Mise-en-scène is a key French term meaning everything placed in front of the camera: setting, props, costume, lighting, colour and actor positioning.

Mise-en-scène 是一个关键法语术语，指镜头前的一切安排：场景、道具、服装、灯光、色彩和演员站位。

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2. Semiotics: Signs and Meanings | 符号学：符号与意义

Semiotics is the study of signs. A sign consists of a signifier (the physical form, such as a word, image or sound) and a signified (the mental concept it triggers).

符号学研究符号。一个符号由能指（物理形式，如单词、图像或声音）和所指（它引发的心理概念）组成。

Denotation is the literal, surface meaning of a sign, while connotation is the associated or cultural meaning. For example, a red rose denotes a flower but connotes romance or passion.

外延是符号的字面表层意义，而内涵是联想或文化意义。例如，红玫瑰外延为一种花，但内涵为浪漫或激情。

Media texts also use icons, indexes and symbols. An icon resembles what it represents; an index has a causal or physical connection; a symbol is learnt by cultural convention.

媒体文本还会使用图像符号、指示符号和象征符号。图像符号与它所代表之物相似；指示符号有因果或物理联系；象征符号由文化惯例习得。

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3. Codes and Conventions | 编码与惯例

Codes are systems of signs that create meaning. Technical codes come from equipment and craft, symbolic codes come from visual clues, and written codes come from captions, titles and typography.

编码是创造意义的符号系统。技术编码来自设备和制作工艺，象征编码来自视觉线索，书面编码来自字幕、标题和字体排版。

Conventions are the expected, repeated patterns within a genre or media form. For example, a news bulletin conventionally uses a desk, formal dress, direct address and serious tone.

惯例是类型或媒体形式中被期待的、重复出现的模式。例如，新闻简报通常使用主播台、正装、直视观众和严肃语气。

• Technical code 技术编码: camera movement, editing pace, lighting contrast
• Symbolic code 象征编码: colour symbolism, body language, costume
• Written code 书面编码: headlines, slogans, subtitles

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4. Narrative and Genre | 叙事与类型

Narrative is the way a story is structured and told. Todorov’s equilibrium theory moves from equilibrium, disruption, recognition, attempt to repair, to a new equilibrium.

叙事是故事被结构化和讲述的方式。托多罗夫的平衡理论从平衡、破坏、识别、尝试修复到新平衡。

Propp’s character types include hero, villain, donor, dispatcher, helper, princess and false hero. These often appear in film and advertising narratives.

普罗普的角色类型包括英雄、反派、赠予者、派遣者、帮手、公主和伪英雄。这些常出现在电影和广告叙事中。

Genre is a category defined by shared conventions. Hybrid genres mix two or more categories, such as romantic comedy or science-fiction horror.

类型是由共同惯例定义的类别。混合类型混合两个或更多类别，例如浪漫喜剧或科幻恐怖。

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5. Representation and Stereotypes | 表征与刻板印象

Representation is how media re-presents people, places, events and ideas. It is not reality; it is a constructed version shaped by selection and omission.

表征是媒体如何重新呈现人物、地点、事件和观念。它不是现实，而是由选择和省略塑造的建构版本。

A stereotype is a simplified, repeated representation of a social group. Stereotypes can be positive or negative, but they often reduce complex identities to a few traits.

刻板印象是对社会群体的简化、重复表征。刻板印象可能是正面或负面的，但常将复杂身份简化为少数特征。

When analysing representation, consider who is included or excluded, whose perspective is used, and what values or ideologies are promoted.

分析表征时，请考虑谁被纳入或被排除、使用了谁的视角，以及推广了哪些价值观或意识形态。

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6. Audience and Reception | 受众与接受

Audience refers to the people who consume media. Producers define a target audience by demographics (age, gender, income, occupation) and psychographics (lifestyle, values, interests).

受众指消费媒体的人群。创作者通过人口统计特征（年龄、性别、收入、职业）和心理统计特征（生活方式、价值观、兴趣）来定义目标受众。

Uses and gratifications theory suggests audiences actively use media for entertainment, information, personal identity and social interaction.

使用与满足理论认为受众主动使用媒体来满足娱乐、信息、个人身份和社会互动需求。

Stuart Hall’s encoding/decoding model identifies three readings: preferred, negotiated and oppositional. A preferred reading accepts the producer’s intended meaning; an oppositional reading rejects it.

斯图亚特·霍尔的编码/解码模型确定了三种解读：偏好式、协商式和对抗式。偏好式解读接受创作者意图；对抗式解读则拒绝该意图。

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7. Media Institutions and Industry | 媒体机构与产业

Media institutions are organisations that produce and distribute media. They can be public service broadcasters, commercial companies, or independent producers.

媒体机构是制作和传播媒体的组织。它们可以是公共服务广播机构、商业公司或独立制作方。

Convergence is the merging of technologies, platforms and industries. Synergy is the combined promotion of a media brand across different products, such as a film, soundtrack, game and merchandise.

融合是技术、平台和产业的合并。协同效应是对某一媒体品牌在不同产品上的联合推广，例如电影、原声带、游戏和周边商品。

Vertical integration is when a company controls production, distribution and exhibition. Horizontal integration is when a company buys competitors in the same sector.

纵向整合指公司控制制作、发行和放映环节。横向整合指公司收购同一领域的竞争者。

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8. Media Regulation and Ethics | 媒体监管与伦理

Regulation is the control of media content through laws, codes of practice or industry bodies. It aims to protect audiences, especially children, and to ensure accuracy and fairness.

监管是通过法律、行为准则或行业机构对媒体内容进行控制。其目的是保护受众尤其是儿童，并确保准确与公正。

Key regulatory concepts include censorship, watershed, impartiality, privacy, copyright and intellectual property. Ethical issues

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