📚 IGCSE CCEA Psychology: Case Study Practical Drills | IGCSE CCEA 心理学：案例分析实战演练
Case study questions are one of the most demanding parts of the CCEA GCSE Psychology assessment because they ask you to move beyond simple recall and show how psychological ideas explain real behaviour.
案例研究题是 CCEA GCSE 心理学考试中要求最高的部分之一，因为它们要求你超越简单的记忆，展示心理学观点如何解释真实行为。
This article gives you a step-by-step method, three fully worked scenarios and exam-focused advice to help you turn case analysis into marks.
本文将为你提供一套分步骤的方法、三个完整的实战场景以及紧扣考试的答题建议，帮助你把案例分析转化为分数。
1. Why Case Studies Matter in CCEA Psychology | 为什么案例分析在 CCEA 心理学中重要
Case study items appear regularly in CCEA GCSE Psychology papers, often as extended-response questions worth a large number of marks.
案例研究题经常出现在 CCEA GCSE 心理学试卷中，通常是以分值较高的扩展回答题形式出现。
Examiners use these items to test whether you can identify relevant psychological concepts, apply them accurately and evaluate competing explanations.
考官使用这类题目来考查你是否能识别相关心理学概念、准确应用它们并评价不同的解释。
Practising case analysis is therefore one of the most efficient ways to improve your overall grade.
因此，练习案例分析是提高总成绩最有效的方法之一。
2. The Case Study Method: Key Features | 案例研究方法：关键特征
A psychological case study is an in-depth investigation of one individual, group or event, often using interviews, observations and questionnaires.
心理学案例研究是对一个个体、群体或事件的深入调查，通常使用访谈、观察和问卷等方法。
It produces rich, detailed qualitative data, but because the sample is small, findings may not generalise to the wider population.
它能产生丰富、详细的定性数据，但由于样本较小，研究结果可能无法推广到更广泛的人群。
In the exam, the ‘case’ is usually a short written scenario, so your job is to treat it like a mini investigation and show psychological reasoning.
在考试中，“案例”通常是一个简短的书面情境，因此你的任务是把它当作一个小型调查，并展示心理学推理。
3. Step 1 – Describe the Behaviour | 第一步：描述行为
Start by identifying exactly what the person does, thinks or feels in the scenario, using precise psychological language.
首先，使用精确的心理学语言，准确地识别这个人在情境中的行为、想法或感受。
For example, instead of writing ‘she is scared of dogs’, write ‘she shows avoidance behaviour and a phobic response to dogs’.
例如，不要写“她害怕狗”，而要写“她对狗表现出回避行为和恐惧反应”。
Clear description gives your answer focus and shows the examiner that you can distinguish normal fear from a clinical phobia.
清晰的描述能让你的答案重点突出，并向考官表明你能区分正常恐惧与临床恐惧症。
4. Step 2 – Apply Psychological Theories | 第二步：应用心理学理论
Choose one or two relevant explanations from the CCEA specification and link them directly to evidence in the case.
从 CCEA 考试大纲中选择一两个相关的解释，并将它们直接与案例中的证据联系起来。
For a phobia, classical conditioning explains acquisition through association; for imitation, social learning theory explains modelling and reinforcement.
对于恐惧症，经典条件作用通过联想解释习得；对于模仿行为，社会学习理论解释示范与强化。
Always use the person’s name and specific details when applying a theory, so the examiner sees application rather than generic knowledge.
在应用理论时，一定要使用人物姓名和具体细节，这样考官会看到应用能力，而不是泛泛而谈的知识点。
5. Step 3 – Evaluate Strengths and Weaknesses | 第三步：评价优点与缺点
Evaluation means weighing up how well the chosen theory fits the case, what it fails to explain, and whether alternative views are possible.
评价意味着权衡所选理论与案例的匹配程度、它无法解释的内容，以及是否存在其他可能的观点。
For instance, behavioural explanations of phobias are strong on observable learning but weak on cognitive factors such as irrational beliefs.
例如，恐惧症的行为主义解释在可观察的学习方面很有力，但在非理性信念等认知因素方面则较弱。
Use phrases like ‘a strength of this explanation is…’ and ‘however, it does not account for…’ to make your evaluation explicit.
使用“这种解释的一个优点是……”和“然而，它没有解释……”等表述，让你的评价更加明确。
6. Ethical Issues in Case Analysis | 案例分析中的伦理问题
Whenever a case involves real people, you must consider ethical principles: informed consent, confidentiality, protection from harm and the right to withdraw.
每当案例涉及真实人物时，你必须考虑伦理原则：知情同意、保密、免受伤害和退出权利。
In an exam answer, do not just list ethical issues; link them to the specific scenario, such as ‘Maya should have been debriefed after the observation’.
在考试答案中，不要仅仅列出伦理问题；要将它们与具体情境联系起来，例如“玛雅在观察后应该接受事后说明”。
The table below summar
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