IGCSE WJEC Geography: Key Terms Memory Guide | IGCSE WJEC 地理：词汇术语速记指南

📚 IGCSE WJEC Geography: Key Terms Memory Guide | IGCSE WJEC 地理：词汇术语速记指南

This revision guide groups the most important geographical terms for IGCSE WJEC Geography into ten clear sections. For every term, you will find a concise definition and a memory hook to help you recall it quickly in the exam. Use the English and Chinese pairs side by side to build both your understanding and your subject vocabulary.

本速记指南将 IGCSE WJEC 地理最重要的术语分为十个清晰的小节。每个术语都配有简明定义和记忆提示，帮助你在考试中快速回忆。中英对照学习可以同时提升理解能力和学科词汇量。

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1. Population & Settlement Terms | 人口与聚落术语

This section covers the most frequently examined population and settlement terms in WJEC IGCSE Geography. Focus on how population change is calculated and how settlements are ranked by size and services.

本节涵盖 WJEC IGCSE 地理中最常考的人口与聚落术语，重点是如何计算人口变化以及如何按规模和服务功能对聚落进行分级。

Birth rate is the number of live births per 1,000 people per year. Memory hook: “BR” starts with “B” for baby.

出生率是指每年每千人中活产婴儿的数量。记忆法：看到 “BR” 就想到 “baby”（婴儿）。

Death rate is the number of deaths per 1,000 people per year. Memory hook: “DR” starts with “D” for dead.

死亡率是指每年每千人中的死亡人数。记忆法：”DR” 中的 “D” 代表 “dead”（死亡）。

Natural increase is calculated as birth rate minus death rate, often expressed as a percentage or per 1,000. Memory hook: BR – DR = NI.

自然增长率等于出生率减去死亡率，通常以百分比或千分比表示。记忆法：BR – DR = NI。

Migration is the movement of people from one place to another. It can be internal or international; push factors force people out, while pull factors attract them.

迁移是指人口从一个地方移动到另一个地方，分为国内迁移和国际迁移。推力因素把人推出，拉力因素把人吸引。

Population density is the number of people per square kilometre. Memory hook: density means how crowded an area is; divide total population by area.

人口密度是指每平方公里的人口数。记忆法：密度就是拥挤程度，用总人口除以面积。

Settlement hierarchy ranks settlements by size and services, from hamlet to village to town to city. Memory hook: as size increases, the range of services increases.

聚落等级按规模和服务功能对聚落进行排序，从村庄到镇再到城市。记忆法：规模越大，服务功能越多。

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2. River Processes Glossary | 河流过程词汇

Rivers shape the landscape through erosion, transportation and deposition. WJEC exam questions often ask you to explain these processes using named landforms such as meanders and ox-bow lakes.

河流通过侵蚀、搬运和堆积塑造地貌。WJEC 考试常要求用曲流、牛轭湖等具体地貌解释这些过程。

Erosion is the wearing away of the river bed and banks. The four types are hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition and solution. Memory hook: HATS.

侵蚀是指河床和河岸被磨损的过程。四种类型分别是水力作用、磨蚀、磨圆和溶蚀。记忆法：HATS。

Hydraulic action is the force of water hitting the bed and banks, compressing air into cracks. Memory hook: “hydraulic” means water power.

水力作用是指水流冲击河床和河岸，将空气压入裂缝的过程。记忆法：hydraulic 就是水力。

Abrasion is the sandpaper effect of material rubbing against the channel. Memory hook: “abrasion” sounds like “abrade”, meaning to scrape.

磨蚀是指物质像砂纸一样摩擦河道的作用。记忆法：abrasion 听起来像 “abrade”（刮擦）。

Attrition occurs when rocks hit each other and become smaller, smoother and rounder. Memory hook: “attrition” means wearing down by collision.

磨圆是指岩石相互碰撞，变得更小、更光滑、更圆的过程。记忆法：attrition 就是碰撞磨损。

Solution is the dissolving of minerals in slightly acidic water and carrying them away. Memory hook: “solution” means dissolve.

溶蚀是指矿物在弱酸性水中溶解并被带走的过程。记忆法：solution 就是溶解。

Transportation is the movement of material by the river in four ways: traction, saltation, suspension and solution. Memory hook: TSSS.

搬运是指河流以四种方式搬运物质：推移、跃移、悬移和溶解。记忆法：TSSS。

A meander is a bend in a river formed by erosion on the outside and deposition on the inside. Memory hook: outside is fast, so erosion; inside is slow, so deposition.

曲流是河流弯道，外侧侵蚀、内侧堆积形成。记忆法：外侧水流快，发生侵蚀；内侧水流慢，发生堆积。

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3. Coastal Landforms Glossary | 海岸地貌词汇

Coastal terminology tests your understanding of wave processes and the landforms they create. Learn the sequence of headland erosion features from cave to arch to stack to stump.

海岸术语考查你对海浪作用及其形成地貌的理解。要记住海岬侵蚀地貌从海蚀洞到海蚀拱、海蚀柱、海蚀残柱的演变顺序。

Longshore drift is the zigzag movement of sediment along a coast by waves approaching at an angle. Memory hook: waves approach at an angle, swash moves up, backwash moves down.

沿岸漂移是指波浪斜向拍岸，泥沙沿海岸呈之字形移动的过程。记忆法：波浪斜着来，冲流斜上，回流直下。

Constructive waves are low-energy waves that build up beaches by depositing material; they have a strong swash and weak backwash. Memory hook: constructive means builds.

建设性波浪是低能量波浪，通过堆积泥沙加宽海滩；冲流强，回流弱。记忆法：constructive 就是建设。

Destructive waves are high-energy waves that erode coasts; they have a strong backwash and weak swash. Memory hook: destructive means destroys.

破坏性波浪是高能量波浪，侵蚀海岸；回流强，冲流弱。记忆法：destructive 就是破坏。

Cave, arch, stack and stump form the sequence of coastal erosion on a headland. Memory hook: CASS.

海蚀洞、海蚀拱、海蚀柱和海蚀残柱是海岬受侵蚀形成的顺序地貌。记忆法：CASS。

A spit is a long, narrow ridge of sand or sh

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