Statistical Investigation Report: Writing Framework and Model Answer | 统计调查报告：写作框架与范文

📚 Statistical Investigation Report: Writing Framework and Model Answer | 统计调查报告：写作框架与范文

In WJEC Statistics, a high-scoring investigation report is not just a list of calculations. It must tell a clear statistical story: state a problem, plan data collection, present evidence, analyse it, and evaluate the findings. This article gives a reusable writing framework and a complete model answer.

在 WJEC 统计考试中，高分调查报告不只是罗列计算过程。它必须讲清一个完整的统计故事：提出问题、规划数据收集、呈现证据、分析数据，并评价结论。本文提供一个可复用的写作框架和一篇完整范文。

1. Understanding the Assessment Objectives | 理解评估目标

WJEC marks are usually awarded across four main strands: planning the enquiry, collecting data, processing and presenting data, and interpreting and evaluating results. Check the mark scheme for your unit because the weighting can vary.

WJEC 评分通常覆盖四个主要方向：规划调查、收集数据、数据处理与呈现，以及解读与评价结果。请核对所在单元的评分方案，因为权重可能不同。

You should follow the statistical enquiry cycle: Problem, Plan, Data, Analysis, Conclusion. This gives the report a logical order that examiners expect.

你应该遵循统计探究循环：问题、计划、数据、分析、结论。这能让报告保持考官期望的逻辑顺序。

2. Planning Your Investigation | 规划你的调查

Begin with a precise aim, for example: ‘To investigate whether there is an association between age and weekly pocket money.’ Avoid vague aims such as ‘I will look at money’.

开头写出明确目标，例如：”调查年龄与每周零花钱之间是否存在关联”。避免模糊目标，如”我会研究钱”。

Identify the population, sample frame, variables and data type before you choose a method. This makes the plan realistic and testable.

在选择方法前，先确定总体、抽样框、变量和数据类型。这会让计划更现实且可检验。

3. Formulating Hypotheses | 提出假设

Write a null hypothesis (H₀) and an alternative hypothesis (H₁). For example, H₀: ‘There is no association between age and pocket money.’ H₁: ‘Older learners tend to receive more pocket money.’

写出零假设（H₀）和备择假设（H₁）。例如，H₀：”年龄与零花钱之间没有关联。” H₁：”年龄越大的学生往往得到更多零花钱。”

A good hypothesis is specific, measurable and capable of being rejected. Never write a question as a hypothesis.

好的假设应当具体、可测量，并且可能被拒绝。不要把问题写成假设。

4. Sampling Methods and Data Collection | 抽样方法与数据收集

State the sampling method precisely. If using stratified sampling, name the strata and state the sample size in each stratum. If using simple random sampling, describe how randomness was achieved, such as numbered lists and random number tables.

准确说明抽样方法。如果使用分层抽样，要指出分层标准及每层样本量；如果使用简单随机抽样，要说明如何实现随机，例如编号列表和随机数表。

Discuss bias explicitly. Convenience sampling, non-response and self-selection can all produce data that do not represent the population.

明确讨论偏差。便利抽样、无应答和自愿参与都可能使数据不能代表总体。

5. Presenting Data Clearly | 清晰呈现数据

Choose the right chart for the data type. Use bar charts for categorical data, pie charts for proportions, histograms or cumulative frequency curves for continuous data, and scatter diagrams for bivariate data.

为数据类型选择正确的图表。分类数据使用条形图，比例使用饼图，连续数据使用直方图或累积频率曲线，双变量数据使用散点图。

Every table and graph must have a title, labelled axes or categories, and units where relevant. These small details carry presentation marks.

每张表格和图表都必须有标题、标注坐标轴或类别，并在相关处标明单位。这些细节会带来呈现分。

6. Calculating Summary Statistics | 计算汇总统计量

Calculate at least one average and one measure of spread. The median and interquartile range are often more suitable when data are skewed or contain outliers.

至少计算一个平均数和一个离散程度指标。当数据偏斜或包含离群值时，中

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