IB & OCR Biology: End-of-Term Revision Checklist | IB与OCR生物：期末复习提纲

📚 IB & OCR Biology: End-of-Term Revision Checklist | IB与OCR生物：期末复习提纲

As the end of term approaches, a structured revision checklist is essential for mastering the core concepts in both IB Biology and OCR A-level Biology. This article provides a comprehensive bilingual overview, highlighting key topics, definitions, and mechanisms that appear frequently in exams. Whether you are preparing for the IB higher level (HL) or the OCR Biology A specification, this guide will help you focus your revision efficiently.

随着学期末临近，一份系统的复习提纲对于掌握IB生物和OCR A-level生物的核心概念至关重要。本文提供一份全面的中英双语概览，突出考试中常见的关键主题、定义和机制。无论你是在准备IB高等级（HL）还是OCR生物A课程，本指南都将帮助你高效地聚焦复习。

1. Cell Biology | 细胞生物学

Cell theory states that all living organisms are composed of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells. Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, while eukaryotic cells possess compartmentalised structures such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum.

细胞学说指出所有生物体都由细胞组成，细胞是生命的基本单位，并且所有细胞都来自已有的细胞。原核细胞缺乏膜包裹的细胞核和细胞器，而真核细胞拥有区室化的结构，例如细胞核、线粒体和内质网。

The fluid mosaic model describes the cell membrane as a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, glycoproteins, and cholesterol (in animal cells). membrane transport includes passive processes (diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis) and active transport requiring ATP. Bulk transport occurs via endocytosis and exocytosis.

流动镶嵌模型将细胞膜描述为磷脂双分子层，其中嵌有蛋白质、糖蛋白和胆固醇（在动物细胞中）。膜运输包括被动过程（扩散、协助扩散、渗透）和需要ATP的主动运输。

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