AP Calculus Calculator Models and Usage Guide | AP微积分计算器型号与使用指南

📚 AP Calculus Calculator Models and Usage Guide | AP微积分计算器型号与使用指南

Selecting the right calculator for the AP Calculus exam is a decision that can directly influence your performance on test day. This guide explains which graphing calculator models are approved by the College Board, how to configure them for the exam, and which functions you must master to solve free‑response and multiple‑choice questions efficiently. We also cover common pitfalls and strategies for the calculator‑active sections of both AP Calculus AB and BC.

为AP微积分考试选择正确的计算器，是一个会直接影响你考试当天表现的决策。本指南将说明哪些图形计算器型号获得美国大学理事会（College Board）批准、如何为考试进行配置，以及你必须掌握哪些功能，才能高效解答自由响应题和选择题。我们还会涵盖常见陷阱，并介绍AP微积分AB和BC考试中允许使用计算器部分的应对策略。

1. Why Your Calculator Choice Matters in AP Calculus | 为什么计算器选择对AP微积分重要

AP Calculus exams are divided into sections that allow calculator use and sections that do not. In the calculator‑active sections (Part A of the free‑response questions and a portion of the multiple‑choice questions), a powerful graphing calculator lets you evaluate definite integrals numerically, find derivatives at a point, graph functions to inspect roots and intersections, and solve equations that would be impractical by hand. Mastering your specific model long before exam day ensures that you spend your limited time on calculus reasoning rather than struggling with menus or syntax errors.

AP微积分考试分为允许使用计算器的部分和不允许使用计算器的部分。在允许使用计算器的部分（自由响应题的A部分和一部分选择题）中，一台强大的图形计算器可以让你对定积分进行数值计算、求函数在一点处的导数、通过绘制函数图像来观察根和交点，并求解用手算不切实际的方程。在考试日之前就熟练掌握你所用的具体型号，能确保你把有限的时间花在微积分推理上，而不是纠结于菜单或语法错误。

The difference between an efficient calculator user and a hesitant one often translates into a full point or more on the free‑response section, where every step and numerical result must be clearly reported to earn credit. Even in multiple‑choice questions, quick numerical checks can eliminate wrong answer choices with confidence.

一个高效使用计算器的学生与一个犹豫不决的使用者之间的差距，往往会在自由响应题部分转化为整整一分甚至更多。在这部分，每个步骤和数值结果都必须清晰报告才能得分。即使在选择题中，快速的数值检验也能让你自信地排除错误选项。

2. Official College Board Calculator Policy for AP Calculus | 美国大学理事会对AP微积分的官方计算器政策

College Board permits a wide range of graphing calculators for the AP Calculus AB and BC exams. The essential rule is that the calculator must have a graphing capability and must not include a QWERTY (typewriter‑style) keypad. Models with a stylus or touch‑screen are allowed as long as they do not have a QWERTY keyboard. Devices like mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and smartwatches are strictly prohibited in the testing room, regardless of any calculator app they may run.

美国大学理事会允许在AP微积分AB和BC考试中使用多种图形计算器。基本规则是，计算器必须具备绘图功能，且不得带有QWERTY（打字机式）键盘。使用手写笔或触摸屏的型号是被允许的，只要它们没有QWERTY键盘即可。手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑和智能手表等设备在考场内是严格禁止的，无论它们能运行什么样的计算器应用程序。

Importantly, calculators with Computer Algebra System (CAS) functionality, such as the TI‑Nspire CX II CAS or the HP Prime, are explicitly approved for AP Calculus. This is a notable difference from some other standardized tests like the ACT. You may use CAS features to perform symbolic differentiation, integration, or algebraic simplification, but you must still show the required steps in your written work on the free‑response questions.

重要的是，具有计算机代数系统（CAS）功能的计算器，例如TI‑Nspire CX II CAS或HP Prime，明确被批准用于AP微积分考试。这与一些其他标准化考试（如ACT）有明显不同。你可以使用CAS功能进行符号求导、符号积分或代数化简，但在自由响应题的书面作答中，你仍然必须写出所要求的步骤。

Before exam day, visit the official AP calculator policy page to confirm your specific model is still approved, as rules are occasionally updated. You should also bring a backup calculator if possible, with fresh batteries, and know how to clear memory if requested by a proctor.

考试日之前，请访问AP官方计算器政策页面，确认你的具体型号依然被批准，因为规定偶尔会更新。如果可能，你还应携带一台备用计算器并装好新电池，并知道如何在监考人员要求时清除内存。

3. Approved Graphing Calculator Models at a Glance | 批准的图形计算器型号一览

The list of approved calculators is extensive, but most AP Calculus students rely on a handful of families that are known for reliability, ease of use, and the availability of helpful tutorial resources. The table below summarises the major approved series and their notable characteristics for calculus work.

批准的型号清单很长，但大多数AP微积分学生都依赖于少数几个以可靠性、易用性和丰富的学习资源而著称的系列。下表总结了主要的批准系列及其在微积分学习中的显著特点。

Manufacturer / 制造商	Approved Series / 批准系列	CAS? / 是否带CAS	Key Calculus Feature / 关键微积分功能
Texas Instruments	TI‑84 Plus, TI‑84 Plus CE, TI‑83 Plus	No	Numeric derivative (nDeriv), numeric integral (fnInt), equation solver
Texas Instruments	TI‑Nspire CX, TI‑Nspire CX II (CAS and non‑CAS)	Optional (CAS models approved)	Symbolic algebra, exact integrals/derivatives, dynamic graphs
Casio	fx‑CG50, fx‑9750GII, fx‑9860GII	No (graphing only)	Graph solve (root, intersection, integral), spreadsheet mode
HP / Prime	HP Prime (CAS, provided touchscreen is used without QWERTY)	Yes	Touch‑optimized CAS, advanced function app for calculus

Note: All models in the TI‑83/84 families and the TI‑Nspire families are permitted as long as they do not contain a QWERTY keyboard. Some older models like the TI‑89 or TI‑92 are NOT allowed due to QWERTY layout.

请注意：所有TI‑83/84系列和TI‑Nspire系列的计算器，只要不包含QWERTY键盘，都是被允许的。一些较老的型号，如TI‑89或TI‑92，由于具有QWERTY布局而不被允许。

4. TI‑84 Plus Family: The Most Popular and Accessible Choice | TI‑84 Plus系列：最受欢迎且易于上手的选择

For most AP Calculus students, the TI‑84 Plus or its color‑screen sibling, the TI‑84 Plus CE, strikes the best balance between functionality, speed, and exam‑room familiarity. These calculators are widely used in high school classrooms, so support from teachers and online communities is abundant. The interface is menu‑driven, and every key function you need for AP Calculus—such as calculating a definite integral, finding a numerical derivative, or graphing in polar mode—is reached through dedicated buttons or straightforward menus.

对于大多数AP微积分学生来说，TI‑84 Plus或其彩色屏幕版本TI‑84 Plus CE，在功能、速度和考场熟悉度之间达到了最佳平衡。这些计算器在高中课堂中被广泛使用，因此来自教师和在线社区的支持非常丰富。其界面以菜单为中心，你在AP微积分中所需的每一项按键功能——比如计算定积分、求数值导数或在极坐标模式下绘图——都可以通过专用按键或直观的菜单实现。

To evaluate a definite integral on a TI‑84 Plus, you press the MATH button, select 9:fnInt(, and enter the function, variable, lower limit, and upper limit. For example, to compute ∫ from 0 to 2 of x² dx, you type fnInt(X², X, 0, 2). The calculator returns the numerical result swiftly, which you can use to verify your analytic antiderivative or to answer a rate‑accumulation problem.

要在TI‑84 Plus上计算定积分，你按下MATH按钮，选择9:fnInt(，然后输入被积函数、变量、下限和上限。例如，要计算从0到2的x² dx的积分，你键入fnInt(X², X, 0, 2)。计算器会迅速返回数值结果，你可以用它来验证你的解析反导数，或者解答一个速率‑累积量应用题。

One limitation of the non‑CAS TI‑84 models is that they cannot give symbolic antiderivatives or simplify algebraic expressions into exact forms like √2/2. You must rely on your own calculus skills for symbolic work and exact values. However, the numeric capabilities are more than sufficient for the calculator‑active multiple‑choice questions and the free‑response problems that ask for numeric approximations rounded to three decimal places.

非CAS的TI‑84型号的一个限制是，它们无法给出符号反导数，也不能将代数表达式化简为如√2/2的精确形式。你必须依靠自己微积分技能来进行符号处理并得到精确值。不过，其数值计算能力对于允许使用计算器的选择题，以及要求近似值并四舍五入到小数点后三位的自由响应题来说，绰绰有余。

Before the exam, configure your TI‑84 Plus into Radian mode (MODE, select RADIAN) and, if your teacher recommends, set the calculation mode to FLOAT for decimal display. Also check that the Stat Plots are turned off, as residual plots can interfere with graph display when you need clean curves for analysis.

考试前，请将你的TI‑84 Plus设置为弧度模式（按MODE键，选择RADIAN），并根据老师的建议将计算模式设置为FLOAT以显示小数。还要检查是否关闭了统计绘图（Stat Plots），因为残留的绘图可能会在你需要干净的函数曲线进行分析时干扰图形显示。

5. TI‑Nspire CX Series: Advanced Features and CAS Power | TI‑Nspire CX系列：高级功能与CAS的强大能力

The TI‑Nspire CX and TI‑Nspire CX II families, especially the CAS versions, offer a completely different level of capability. These handhelds use a document‑based operating system where you can mix calculations, graphs, notes, and spreadsheets in the same file. For calculus, the ability to compute exact symbolic derivatives and integrals saves time and acts as an instant check on your manual work during practice and on the calculator‑active sections.

TI‑Nspire CX和TI‑Nspire CX II系列——尤其是CAS版本——提供了完全不同的能力水平。这些掌上设备使用基于文档的操作系统，你可以在同一文件中混合计算、图形、笔记和电子表格。对于微积分来说，能够计算精确的符号导数和积分，既可以节省时间，又能在练习中以及在允许使用计算器的考试部分中，作为你手工计算的即时检查手段。

On a TI‑Nspire CX II CAS, finding the derivative of f(x) = sin(ln x) is as simple as typing derivative(sin(ln(x)), x) in a Calculator page. The handheld returns cos(ln(x)) / x exactly. For a definite integral, you can use the integral template and type limits to obtain either a symbolic result or a numerical approximation. The “Menu” button leads to a rich calculus menu that includes implicit differentiation, limits, Taylor polynomials, and arc length computations—tools that can deepen your understanding even if they go beyond what the AP exam requires.

在TI‑Nspire CX II CAS上，求函数f(x) = sin(ln x)的导数，你只需在计算页面中键入derivative(sin(ln(x)), x)。该手持设备会精确返回cos(ln(x)) / x。对于定积分，你可以使用积分模板并输入积分上下限，从而获得符号结果或数值近似值。“Menu”按钮会导向一个内容丰富的微积分菜单，其中包括隐函数求导、极限、泰勒多项式和弧长计算——这些工具可以加深你的理解，即使它们超出了AP考试的要求。

Because CAS calculators can do symbolic algebra, you must be careful not to over‑rely on them during the learning phase. The AP free‑response questions require you to “show the setup” for an integral or derivative and to write the exact expression, not just the final numeric answer. Use CAS as an assistant to verify your setup, not as a substitute for writing the necessary steps.

由于CAS计算器能做符号代数，在学习阶段你必须当心，不要过度依赖它们。AP自由响应题要求你“写出列式过程”，即展示积分或导数的建立过程并写出精确表达式，而不仅仅是给出最终的数值答案。要把CAS当作检验你列式过程的助手，而不是替代你书写必要步骤的工具。

One additional preparation step for Nspire users is to practice using the “Scratchpad” for quick calculations and to disable any alarm functions that could sound during the exam. Also, set the Angle Mode to Radian and the Document Settings to “Exact” or “Approximate” as you prefer, but be ready to switch when the prompt asks for three‑decimal accuracy.

对于Nspire用户的另一个备考步骤是，练习使用“Scratchpad”进行快速计算，并禁用任何可能在考试期间响起的闹铃功能。此外，将角度模式设为Radian，并根据你的偏好将文档设置设为“Exact”或“Approximate”，但要做好准备，在题目要求保留三位小数精度时进行切换。

6. Casio fx‑CG50 and Other Approved Alternatives | 卡西欧fx‑CG50及其他批准的替代型号

Casio’s fx‑CG50 is the main competitor to the TI‑84 Plus CE in many classrooms. It features a high‑resolution color screen, a fast processor, and an intuitive icon‑based menu that many students find easier to navigate. The calculator is not a CAS device, but it handles numeric integration, numeric derivatives, and equation solving with ease. Its “Graph” application allows you to define multiple functions and use G‑Solve to find roots, intersections, integrals, and local extrema directly from the graph screen.

在许多课堂中，卡西欧的fx‑CG50是TI‑84 Plus CE的主要竞争对手。它拥有一块高分辨率的彩色屏幕、快速的处理器和直观的图标式菜单，许多学生觉得用它导航更为简便。这款计算器不是CAS设备，但它能轻松处理数值积分、数值求导和方程求解。其“Graph”应用程序允许你定义多个函数，并使用G‑Solve功能直接从图形屏幕上找到根、交点、积分和局部极值。

The fx‑9750GII and fx‑9860GII are slightly older but still perfectly adequate for AP Calculus. They lack color screens but run the same core software. If you purchase a used Casio model, ensure the batteries are reliable and that you are familiar with the menu structure, as the layout differs from Texas Instruments calculators. Casio’s “Run‑Matrix” mode is where much of the numeric calculation takes place, similar to the TI home screen.

fx‑9750GII和fx‑9860GII是稍早一些的型号，但对AP微积分来说依然完全够用。它们没有彩色屏幕，但运行着相同的核心软件。如果你购买二手卡西欧型号，请确保电池可靠，并熟悉其菜单结构，因为布局与德州仪器计算器有所不同。卡西欧的“Run‑Matrix”模式是进行大部分数值计算的地方，类似于TI的主屏幕。

Other approved options include the HP Prime (a powerful CAS device with a touch interface) and several numeric models from NumWorks. Whichever you choose, the golden rule is to practice with the exact calculator you will use on test day. Do not borrow an unfamiliar model the night before, because every minute spent hunting for a function is a minute not spent thinking about calculus.

其他获得批准的选项包括HP Prime（一款带有触摸界面的强大CAS设备）以及NumWorks的数款数值型号。无论你选择哪一种，金科玉律是：在考前用你将要在考试当日使用的同一台计算器进行练习。不要在考前一晚去借用一台你不熟悉的型号，因为每一分钟花在寻找功能上的时间，都是没有用于思考微积分的一分钟。

7. Essential Functions You Must Master Before the Exam | 考前必须掌握的关键功能

Regardless of your calculator model, College Board expects you to be fluent with a core set of operations that appear repeatedly in both the multiple‑choice and free‑response sections. You should practice these until they become muscle memory:

无论你使用哪种计算器型号，美国大学理事会都期望你能熟练运用一系列核心操作，这些操作在选择题和自由响应题部分都会反复出现。你应该反复练习它们，直到形成肌肉记忆：

Evaluate a definite integral numerically: Use fnInt or the integral template. Always check that the variable matches the integrand and that lower/upper limits are correct.
数值计算定积分： 使用fnInt或积分模板。始终检查变量是否与被积函数一致，并且积分下限和上限是否正确。
Numerical derivative at a point: nDeriv(expression, variable, value). Be aware that the calculator uses a symmetric difference quotient and may report a slightly rounded result; the free‑response answer typically asks for rounding to three decimal places.
求一点处的数值导数： nDeriv(表达式, 变量, 值)。请注意，计算器使用对称差商，返回的结果可能略经舍入；自由响应题的答案通常会要求四舍五入到小数点后三位。
Graph a function and find roots, intersections, maxima/minima: Use CALC (TI) or G‑Solve (Casio) to locate zeros (roots) and points of intersection. For extreme values, use the maximum/minimum finder.
绘制函数图像并求根、交点、最大值/最小值： 使用CALC（TI）或G‑Solve（卡西欧）来寻找零点（根）和交点。对于极值，则使用最大值/最小值查找器。
Equation solver: When a function equals zero or you need to solve f(x) = g(x), rewrite as f(x) – g(x) = 0 and use the solver. Enter an initial guess; the calculator finds a nearby root.
方程求解器： 当一个函数等于零，或者你需要解f(x) = g(x)时，将其改写为f(x) – g(x) = 0，然后使用求解器。输入一个初始猜测值；计算器会找到附近的一个根。
Switching between degree and radian mode: All calculus work must be done in radians; angular derivatives and integrals of sine/cosine use radian measures. Double‑check the mode indicator before every calculation.
在角度与弧度模式之间切换： 所有微积分计算都必须在弧度模式下进行；正弦和余弦的求导和积分使用的是弧度制。在每次计算前，都要再次检查模式指示符。
Adjusting window settings: For graphical analysis, you need to know how to set Xmin, Xmax, Ymin, Ymax. A common AP trick is to ask you to interpret a graph that only appears when the window is appropriately set.
调整窗口设置： 进行图形分析时，你需要知道如何设置Xmin、Xmax、Ymin和Ymax。AP考试中一个常见的技巧是，要求你解读一幅只有在窗口设置恰当时才会显示的图形。

In addition, you should practice storing intermediate values in memory (using the STO button on TI, or the store arrow on Casio) to preserve accuracy when chaining calculations, rather than retyping rounded numbers.

此外，你应该练习将中间值存入存储器（在TI上使用STO按钮，或在卡西欧上使用存储箭头），以便在连串计算时保持精度，而不是重新键入已被舍入的数字。

8. Calculator Use on the AP Exam: Timing and Strategy | AP考试中的计算器使用：时间分配与策略

The AP Calculus AB and BC exams both consist of two sections that allow calculators and two that do not. Specifically, Part A of the multiple‑choice section (30 questions, 60 minutes) and Part A of the free‑response section (2 questions, 30 minutes) permit a calculator. In these portions, the calculator should be treated as a tool to explore graphs, perform numerical computations, and verify reasoning, not as a magic box that solves problems for you.

AP微积分AB和BC考试都包含两个允许使用计算器的部分和两个不允许使用计算器的部分。具体来说，选择题的A部分（30题，60分钟）和自由响应题的A部分（2题，30分钟）允许使用计算器。在这些部分中，计算器应被当作探索图形、执行数值计算和验证推理的工具，而不是一个替你解决问题的魔法盒子。

A crucial exam‑day strategy is to identify which problems truly need a calculator. Some multiple‑choice questions appear to require heavy computation but can be solved analytically with a clever substitution or by recognizing a derivative pattern. If you reach for the calculator immediately, you may waste precious seconds that you could have saved by a quick mental integration.

一个关键的考试日策略是，识别哪些问题真正需要计算器。有些选择题看起来需要繁重的计算，但通过巧妙的代换或识别出某个导数模式，是可以用解析方法解决的。如果你立刻求助于计算器，你可能会浪费本可通过快速心算积分而节省下来的宝贵时间。

For the two calculator free‑response questions, you must show the complete setup that leads to your answer. Write the integrand with limits, define the derivative expression you are evaluating, or state the equation you are solving. Only after the setup should you report the calculator‑obtained numeric result, rounded as instructed. For example: “Average value = 1/(b‑a) ∫ₐᵇ f(x) dx = 1/6 * 24.187 = 4.031.” The setup earns the points; the calculator merely gives the arithmetic.

对于两道允许使用计算器的自由响应题，你必须展示出得出答案的完整列式过程。写出带有积分限的被积函数，定义出你正在求值的导数表达式，或者陈述你正在求解的方程。只有在列式之后，你才能报告由计算器得出的数值结果，并按指令进行舍入。例如：“平均值 = 1/(b‑a) ∫ₐᵇ f(x) dx = 1/6 * 24.187 = 4.031。”列式过程可以赢得分数；计算器仅仅提供算术结果。

Time management is equally important. On the 30‑minute free‑response calculator section, aim to spend about 12‑14 minutes per problem, leaving a couple of minutes at the end to review rounding and units. Do not let one difficult graph hold you up; move on and return later if time permits.

时间管理同样重要。在30分钟的自由响应题计算器部分，争取每道题花12‑14分钟，最后留出几分钟来检查舍入和单位。不要让一幅难画的图耽误你；如果需要，先做后面的题，如果时间允许再回来补做。

9. Common Calculator Mistakes That Cost Points | 导致失分的常见计算器使用错误

Even students who know calculus well can lose points on the AP exam because of careless calculator errors. By being aware of the most frequent traps, you can prevent them with simple checks.

即使是微积分学得很好的学生，也会因为粗心的计算器错误而在AP考试中失分。通过了解最常见的陷阱，你可以通过简单的检查来避免它们。

Radian vs. Degree mode: A derivative of sin x at π/6 will give a completely wrong numeric value if the calculator is in degree mode. Always verify the mode before working on any trigonometric expression.

弧度模式与角度模式： 如果计算器处于角度模式，那么sin x在π/6处的导数将给出完全错误的数值。在处理任何三角表达式之前，务必先验证模式。

Rounding prematurely: When computing a final answer that depends on earlier calculations, store the full‑precision values in memory. If you round an intermediate slope or intercept to three decimals and then use that rounded value in the next step, your final answer may be outside the accepted range.

过早舍入： 当计算一个依赖于前面计算步骤的最终答案时，请将完整精度的数值存入存储器。如果你将一个中间斜率或截距舍入到了三位小数，然后在下一步中使用那个已舍入的值，你的最终答案可能会超出可接受的误差范围。

Misinterpreting the display: The TI‑84 may show a result like 1E‑5, which equals 0.00001. Students sometimes misread scientific notation and write down an incorrect order of magnitude.

误读显示结果： TI‑84可能显示类似1E‑5的结果，它等于0.00001。学生们有时会误读科学记数法，从而写下数量级错误的结果。

Syntax errors in integration: Forgetting to specify the variable of integration, or entering multiplied variables incorrectly (e.g., 2X instead of 2*X), will either generate an error or compute the wrong integral. Always check your integrand on a calculator screen before pressing ENTER.

积分中的语法错误： 忘记指定积分变量，或者错误地输入相乘的变量（例如，2X而不是2*X），会要么产生错误，要么计算出错误的积分。在按下ENTER之前，务必在计算器屏幕上检查你的被积函数。

Graphing window errors: A perfectly valid function may appear as a blank screen if the window is not set to capture the relevant region. Practice setting windows based on problem context, such as [0, 5] for a time interval or [‑π, π] for a trigonometric cycle.

绘图窗口错误： 如果窗口设置未能捕捉到相关区域，一个完全有效的函数可能会显示为空白屏幕。练习根据题目背景设置窗口，例如，对于时间区间使用[0, 5]，对于三角函数的一个周期使用[‑π, π]。

10. Pre‑Exam Calculator Checklist and Final Advice | 考前计算器检查清单与最终建议

The night before the AP Calculus exam, run through a short checklist to ensure your calculator is ready to perform when you need it most. This simple routine can prevent panic and lost time at the start of the test.

在AP微积分考试的前一晚，快速过一遍下面的检查清单，确保你的计算器在你最需要它的时候能够正常就绪。这个简单的例行程序可以防止在考试开始时出现慌乱和时间浪费。

Replace the batteries with a fresh set, or ensure the rechargeable battery is fully charged. Carry spare AAA batteries if your model uses them.
更换一组新电池，或确保充电电池已充满。如果你的型号使用AAA电池，请携带备用电池。
Set angle mode to RADIAN and verify it with a quick check: sin(π/6) should return 0.5.
将角度模式设为RADIAN，并通过快速检验来确认：sin(π/6)应返回0.5。
Turn off any statistical plots or inequalities that could interfere with graph display.
关闭任何可能干扰图形显示的统计绘图或不等式。
Confirm that you know how to clear the memory if a proctor requests it, and practice restoring your preferred settings afterward.
确认你知道如何在监考人员要求时清除内存，并练习之后如何恢复你的偏好设置。
Do a practice problem: evaluate ∫₀¹ e^(‑x²) dx numerically (approx. 0.747) and graph f(x) = x³ – 3x in a standard window to verify root finder operation.
做一道练习题：数值计算∫₀¹ e^(‑x²) dx（约0.747），并在标准窗口中画出f(x) = x³ – 3x的图像，以检验求根器的运作。
Pack your calculator and backup in an easily accessible pocket of your bag. Do not leave them behind.
将你的计算器和备用计算器放在书包中容易取出的口袋里。别把它们落下了。

Ultimately, your calculator is an instrument of efficiency and verification. All the calculus thinking—choosing the right integration method, setting up the volume of a solid, interpreting rates of change—still comes from you. Use your calculator wisely, and it will magnify your abilities on exam day, helping you secure that 4 or 5 you have been working toward.

归根结底，你的计算器是一种用来提高效率和进行验证的工具。所有微积分思维——选择正确的积分方法、建立立体的体积表达式、解释变化率——仍然来自你自己。明智地使用你的计算器，它将在考试日放大你的能力，帮助你稳稳拿到你一直在努力追求的那个4分或5分。

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AP Calculus Calculator Models and Usage Guide | AP微积分计算器型号与使用指南