AP Physics B: MIT OpenCourseware Study Resources and Exam Prep Guide | AP 物理 B：MIT 公开课学习资源与备考指南

📚 AP Physics B: MIT OpenCourseware Study Resources and Exam Prep Guide | AP 物理 B：MIT 公开课学习资源与备考指南

AP Physics B was a broad algebra-based physics course that covered mechanics, thermodynamics, waves, optics, electricity, magnetism, and modern physics. Although the College Board replaced it with AP Physics 1 and 2 in 2014, the foundational knowledge remains highly relevant. MIT OpenCourseware (OCW) provides free access to world-class physics lectures—most famously Walter Lewin’s 8.01 Classical Mechanics and 8.02 Electricity and Magnetism. This guide shows you how to use these MIT resources to master AP Physics B topics and prepare effectively for the exam, even as the content lives on in the new courses.

AP 物理 B 曾是一门广泛的代数物理课程，涵盖力学、热力学、波、光学、电学、磁学及现代物理。虽然美国大学理事会在 2014 年用 AP 物理 1 和 2 取代了它，但其基础知识仍然重要。MIT 公开课（OCW）免费提供世界一流的物理讲座——最著名的是 Walter Lewin 的 8.01 经典力学和 8.02 电磁学。本指南将展示如何利用这些 MIT 资源掌握 AP 物理 B 主题并有效备考，哪怕这些内容在新课程中依然存在。

1. AP Physics B Overview and MIT Course Mapping | AP 物理 B 概述与 MIT 课程映射

AP Physics B tested a wide syllabus: kinematics, Newton’s laws, work and energy, momentum, rotational motion, fluids, thermal physics, waves, optics, electrostatics, circuits, magnetism, and atomic/nuclear physics. MIT’s 8.01 covers mechanics and fluids, 8.02 covers electricity and magnetism, and parts of 8.03 (Vibrations and Waves) and 5.60 (Thermodynamics) fill in the remaining topics. Using OCW, you can build a complete study plan.

AP 物理 B 考查广泛的大纲：运动学、牛顿定律、功和能、动量、转动、流体、热物理、波、光学、静电学、电路、磁学以及原子/核物理。MIT 的 8.01 涵盖力学和流体，8.02 涵盖电磁学，8.03（振动与波）和 5.60（热力学）的部分内容填补了其余主题。利用 OCW，你可以制定完整的学习计划。

2. MIT 8.01 Classical Mechanics: The Heart of AP Physics B | MIT 8.01 经典力学：AP 物理 B 的核心

Walter Lewin’s 8.01 lectures are legendary for their clarity and engaging demonstrations. The course covers kinematics, forces, circular motion, momentum, energy, rotational dynamics, gravitation, fluids, and oscillations. Almost 60% of the AP Physics B exam came from mechanics topics. Watching these lectures gives you a rock-solid conceptual foundation.

Walter Lewin 的 8.01 讲座以其清晰性和引人入胜的演示而闻名。课程涵盖运动学、力、圆周运动、动量、能量、转动动力学、引力、流体和振动。AP 物理 B 考试几乎 60% 的题目来自力学主题。观看这些讲座为你奠定了扎实的概念基础。

Key OCW materials for 8.01: video lectures (36 sessions), lecture notes, problem sets with solutions, and three full exams. Download the problem sets and attempt them before checking solutions. The problems are more mathematically rigorous than AP questions, but they sharpen your analytical thinking.

8.01 的主要 OCW 材料：视频讲座（36 次课）、课堂笔记、附带解答的习题集以及三套完整试卷。下载习题集并在查看解答前自己尝试。这些题目在数学上比 AP 题更严格，但能磨炼你的分析思维。

3. Core Mechanics Topics Aligned with AP Physics B | 与 AP 物理 B 对齐的核心力学主题

Start with one-dimensional motion, including constant acceleration equations: v = v₀ + at, x = x₀ + v₀t + ½at². Lewin emphasizes graphical interpretation of motion, which builds intuition for AP multiple-choice questions.

从一维运动开始，包括匀加速方程：v = v₀ + at、x = x₀ + v₀t + ½at²。Lewin 强调运动的图像解释，这为 AP 选择题建立了直觉。

Newton’s laws are introduced with real demonstrations of inertia and action-reaction pairs. The free-body diagram approach is critical for AP free-response questions. Pay special attention to friction, inclines, and systems of connected objects.

牛顿定律通过惯性和作用力-反作用力对的真实演示引入。受力图方法对 AP 自由回答题至关重要。特别注意摩擦、斜面和连接体系统。

Conservation of energy and conservation of momentum are treated as major principles. Learn to differentiate elastic and inelastic collisions, and to apply the work-energy theorem. Rotational dynamics—torque, moment of inertia, angular momentum—are covered in depth and often appear in AP questions.

能量守恒和动量守恒被作为主要原理。学会区分弹性碰撞和非弹性碰撞，并应用功能定理。转动动力学——力矩、转动惯量、角动量——得到深入讲解，常出现在 AP 题目中。

• Work and kinetic energy: W = ΔK, power P = W/t. OCW problem set 5 includes varied scenarios of work done by constant and variable forces.
  功和动能：W = ΔK，功率 P = W/t。OCW 习题集 5 包含恒力和变力做功的多种情景。
• Conservation of energy: potential energy curves, stable and unstable equilibrium. Lewin’s demonstration of a pendulum and a roller-coaster track clarifies energy transformations.
  能量守恒：势能曲线、稳定和不稳定平衡。Lewin 对单摆和过山车轨道的演示阐明了能量转化。
• Rotational motion: torque τ = r × F, angular momentum L = Iω, and conservation of L. OCW lecture 20 shows a spinning bicycle wheel.
  转动：力矩 τ = r × F，角动量 L = Iω，以及角动量守恒。OCW 第 20 讲展示旋转的自行车轮。

4. MIT 8.02 Electricity and Magnetism: Mastering EM | MIT 8.02 电磁学：掌握电磁学

For electricity and magnetism, MIT’s 8.02 with Walter Lewin (or the more recent 8.02 by other faculty) offers a visual and conceptual journey. Topics include Coulomb’s law, electric field, Gauss’s law, electric potential, capacitors, DC circuits, magnetic fields, Ampere’s law, Faraday’s law, and inductance. These align perfectly with the EM section of AP Physics B, which accounted for about 25% of the exam.

对于电磁学，MIT 的 8.02（Walter Lewin 或更新的其他教师版本）提供了一个视觉化和概念性的旅程。主题包括库仑定律、电场、高斯定律、电势、电容器、直流电路、磁场、安培定律、法拉第定律和电感。这些与 AP 物理 B 的电磁学部分完美对齐，占考试约 25%。

Lewin’s demonstrations—such as lighting a bulb with a human capacitor or levitating a magnet—make abstract concepts tangible. The OCW site provides lecture videos, notes, assignments, and exam archives. Use the “Concept Questions” from each lecture to test your understanding in the AP style.

Lewin 的演示——如用人体电容点亮灯泡或悬浮磁铁——使抽象概念变得具体。OCW 网站提供讲座视频、笔记、作业和试题档案。利用每节课的“概念问题”以 AP 风格测试你的理解。

5. Key EM Topics and How to Study Them with OCW | 关键电磁学主题及如何用 OCW 学习

Start with Coulomb’s law: F = k|q₁q₂|/r². AP emphasizes vector addition of electric forces and fields. OCW problem set 2 offers excellent practice in superposition. Electric potential (V = kq/r) and equipotential surfaces are crucial; Lewin’s analogy of gravitational potential helps.

从库仑定律开始：F = k|q₁q₂|/r²。AP 强调电场力和电场的矢量叠加。OCW 习题集 2 提供了极好的叠加练习。电势（V = kq/r）

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