📚 Case Study Practical Drills | 案例分析实战演练
Mastering Spanish in Year 7 is not just about memorising vocabulary lists; it is about using the language in real-life situations. This article offers a series of case study drills designed to help you apply your knowledge in practical scenarios, exactly as the CIE curriculum expects. Each case study presents a typical communicative situation, followed by key language points, sample dialogues and interactive exercises. By working through these drills, you will build confidence in reading, writing and speaking Spanish.
七年级西班牙语的学习不仅仅是背诵单词表，更重要的是在真实情境中运用语言。本文提供了一系列案例实战演练，旨在帮助你像 CIE 课程要求的那样，在实际场景中应用所学知识。每个案例都呈现了一个典型的交际情境，并配有核心语言点、样例会話和互动练习。通过完成这些练习，你将逐步建立起西班牙语读、写、说的信心。
1. Why Case Studies Matter | 为什么案例研究很重要
Case studies place language in context. When you encounter ‘Me llamo Ana’ in a textbook, it is just a phrase. But when Ana is a character you meet in a party simulation, you remember how to introduce yourself more naturally. CIE assessments often include role-plays and reading comprehension tasks based on everyday situations. Practising with case studies makes these exam tasks feel familiar and manageable.
案例研究将语言置于语境之中。当你在课本上看到 ‘Me llamo Ana’ 时，这只是一个短语。但当安娜是你在一个派对模拟中遇到的角色时，你会更自然地记住如何自我介绍。CIE 评估通常包含基于日常情境的角色扮演和阅读理解任务。通过案例练习，这些考试题目会变得熟悉且易于应对。
A good case study drill follows three steps: (1) observe the model dialogue, (2) analyse the grammar and vocabulary, and (3) complete a similar task yourself. Let us begin with the first case.
一个优秀的案例演练包含三个步骤：(1) 观察示范对话，(2) 分析语法和词汇，(3) 自己完成一项类似的任务。让我们从第一个案例开始。
2. Case Study 1: Meeting a New Friend | 案例一：认识新朋友
Situation: You are at a summer camp in Spain. You want to get to know another student. The dialogue below shows a typical introduction.
情境：你在西班牙的一个夏令营里，想认识另一位同学。下面的对话展示了典型的自我介绍。
| Spanish | English | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| ¡Hola! ¿Cómo te llamas? | Hi! What is your name? | 你好！你叫什么名字？ |
| Me llamo Carlos. ¿Y tú? | My name is Carlos. And you? | 我叫卡洛斯。你呢？ |
| Soy Lucía. Mucho gusto. | I am Lucía. Nice to meet you. | 我是露西亚。很高兴认识你。 |
| Igualmente. ¿De dónde eres? | Likewise. Where are you from? | 彼此彼此。你来自哪里？ |
| Soy de Inglaterra, pero vivo en Madrid. ¿Y tú? | I am from England, but I live in Madrid. And you? | 我来自英国，但我住在马德里。你呢？ |
| Soy español, de Barcelona. | I am Spanish, from Barcelona. | 我是西班牙人，来自巴塞罗那。 |
Key language points: The verb ‘llamarse’ is used reflexively to say your name. ‘Ser’ is used for identity and origin. Question words ‘cómo’ (how) and ‘de dónde’ (from where) follow inverted question marks.
核心语言点：动词 ‘llamarse’ 用来自反形式说出自己的名字；’ser’ 用于表达身份和来源；疑问词 ‘cómo’ (怎么) 和 ‘de dónde’ (从哪里) 前需要倒问号。
Your drill: Write a similar dialogue between two people meeting for the first time. Use the names María and Pedro, and include a question about nationality.
你的练习：写一段两个人初次见面的类似对话。使用玛丽亚和佩德罗这两个名字，并加入关于国籍的提问。
3. Case Study 2: Talking About Age and Birthdays | 案例二：谈论年龄和生日
Situation: During the camp, Carlos wants to know when Lucía’s birthday is and how old she is turning. This is a common follow-up after introductions.
情境：夏令营期间，卡洛斯想知道露西亚的生日是什么时候以及她多大了。这是介绍之后常见的进一步交流。
| Spanish | English | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| ¿Cuántos años tienes? | How old are you? | 你几岁了？ |
| Tengo doce años. ¿Y tú? | I am twelve years old. And you? | 我十二岁。你呢？ |
| Tengo trece. ¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños? | I am thirteen. When is your birthday? | 我十三岁。你的生日是什么时候？ |
| Es el cinco de mayo. ¿Y el tuyo? | It is on the fifth of May. And yours? | 是五月五日。你的呢？ |
| El veintitrés de noviembre. | On the twenty-third of November. | 十一月二十三日。 |
Grammar focus: To express age, Spanish uses ‘tener’ + number + ‘años’. Never use ‘ser’ for age. Dates follow the pattern ‘el’ + number + ‘de’ + month. Note that the first of the month is ‘el primero’, not ‘el uno’.
语法重点：表达年龄时，西班牙语使用 ‘tener’ + 数字 + ‘años’。绝对不要用 ‘ser’ 表示年龄。日期的格式是 ‘el’ + 数字 + ‘de’ + 月份。注意，每月一号是 ‘el primero’，不是 ‘el uno’。
Your drill: Write four sentences in Spanish: (1) I am eleven years old. (2) My birthday is on the 3rd of July. (3) When is your birthday? (4) My mother’s birthday is on the 10th of December.
你的练习：用西班牙语写四个句子：(1) 我十一岁。(2) 我的生日是七月三日。(3) 你的生日是什么时候？(4) 我妈妈的生日是十二月十日。
4. Case Study 3: Describing Your Family | 案例三：描述你的家庭
Situation: Lucía shows a photo of her family to Carlos. She wants to describe each person briefly, using names, ages, and simple adjectives.
情境：露西亚给卡洛斯看一张家庭照片。她想简单描述每个人，说出名字、年龄和简单的形容词。
Model description: ‘En mi familia hay cinco personas. Mi padre se llama Antonio y tiene cuarenta años. Es alto y simpático. Mi madre se llama Elena y es profesora. Es inteligente y paciente. Tengo dos hermanos: mi hermano mayor, Luis, que es divertido, y mi hermana pequeña, Sofía, que es muy habladora.’
示范描述：’我家有五口人。我的爸爸叫安东尼奥，他四十岁。他个子高而且和蔼。我的妈妈叫埃琳娜，她是老师。她既聪明又有耐心。我有两个兄弟姐妹：我的哥哥路易斯很有趣，我的妹妹索菲亚很爱说话。’
Vocabulary to remember: ‘mayor’ means older, ‘pequeña’ means younger (or small). Possessive adjectives like ‘mi’ (my) and ‘tu’ (your) do not change for gender, but ‘nuestro/nuestra’ (our) does. In Spanish you do not use an article before the number like ‘tengo cuarenta años’.
需要记忆的词汇：’mayor’ 表示年长的，’pequeña’ 表示年幼的（或小的）。物主形容词如 ‘mi’ (我的) 和 ‘tu’ (你的) 不随性别变化，但 ‘nuestro/nuestra’ (我们的) 会变化。西班牙语中，数字前不加冠词，比如 ‘tengo cuarenta años’。
Your drill: Imagine you are showing your family photo to a friend. Write a similar paragraph in Spanish. Include at least three family members, their names, ages and one adjective for each person.
你的练习：想象你正在给朋友看你的家庭照片。用西班牙语写一段类似的段落。至少包括三位家庭成员，写出他们的名字、年龄以及每人一个形容词。
5. Case Study 4: At School – Classroom Objects | 案例四：在学校——教室物品
Situation: It is the first day of class. The teacher asks students to identify objects around them. This drill practises the verb ‘hay’ (there is / there are) and classroom vocabulary.
情境：开学第一天。老师让学生辨认周围的物品。这个练习训练动词 ‘hay’ (有) 和教室词汇。
Teacher’s question: ‘¿Qué hay en la clase?’ Student answers: ‘Hay una pizarra, veinte pupitres, una puerta, dos ventanas y una papelera.’
老师的问题：’教室里有什么？’ 学生回答：’有一块黑板、二十张课桌、一扇门、两扇窗户和一个垃圾桶。’
Definite and indefinite articles matter. ‘Un’ for masculine singular, ‘una’ for feminine singular. ‘El’ and ‘la’ for the definite. Examples: un libro (a book), una mesa (a table), el estuche (the pencil case), la mochila (the backpack).
定冠词和不定冠词很重要。阳性单数用 ‘un’，阴性单数用 ‘una’。定冠词用 ‘el’ 和 ‘la’。例如：un libro (一本书), una mesa (一张桌子), el estuche (笔袋), la mochila (书包)。
Your drill: Look around the room you are in and list five objects in Spanish using ‘Hay’. Then write two sentences about the colours of these objects, e.g. ‘El pupitre es marrón.’
你的练习：环顾你所在的房间，用 ‘Hay’ 列出五件物品的西班牙语名称。然后写两个关于这些物品颜色的句子，例如 ‘El pupitre es marrón.’ (课桌是棕色的)。
6. Case Study 5: Expressing Likes and Dislikes | 案例五：表达喜欢与不喜欢
Situation: During a break, friends talk about their hobbies and favourite foods. This case focuses on the verb ‘gustar’, which works differently from English.
情境：休息时间，朋友们谈论自己的爱好和喜欢的食物。这个案例重点在于动词 ‘gustar’，它的用法和英语不同。
Key structure: When you like a singular noun or an infinitive verb, say ‘Me gusta …’. For plural nouns, use ‘Me gustan …’. For example: ‘Me gusta el chocolate’ (I like chocolate). ‘Me gustan las frutas’ (I like fruits). ‘Me gusta bailar’ (I like dancing).
核心结构：当你喜欢单数名词或动词不定式时，用 ‘Me gusta …’。如果名词是复数，用 ‘Me gustan …’。例如：’Me gusta el chocolate’ (我喜欢巧克力)。’Me gustan las frutas’ (我喜欢水果)。’Me gusta bailar’ (我喜欢跳舞)。
To ask a friend, use ‘¿Te gusta …?’ or ‘¿Te gustan …?’. Remember you can also say ‘No me gusta nada …’ to say you do not like something at all.
询问朋友时，用 ‘¿Te gusta …?’ 或 ‘¿Te gustan …?’。记住还可以用 ‘No me gusta nada …’ 表示你一点也不喜欢某物。
Your drill: Create a short dialogue between two friends about their likes and dislikes. Include at least two activities (e.g. leer, jugar al fútbol) and two foods (e.g. la pizza, las verduras). Use both ‘Me gusta’ and ‘No me gusta’.
你的练习：编写一段两位朋友谈论好恶的简短对话。至少包括两项活动（如 leer, jugar al fútbol）和两种食物（如 la pizza, las verduras）。同时使用 ‘Me gusta’ 和 ‘No me gusta’。
7. Case Study 6: Daily Routines and the Time | 案例六：日常作息与时间
Situation: Carlos describes a typical school day to his new friend Lucía. He uses time expressions and a few reflexive verbs. This drill helps you talk about daily habits.
情境：卡洛斯向新朋友露西亚描述一个普通的上学日。他使用了时间表达和一些自复动词。这个练习帮助你谈论日常习惯。
Sample sentences: ‘Normalmente me levanto a las siete. Desayuno a las siete y media. Voy al colegio a las ocho. Las clases empiezan a las ocho y cuarto. A las cuatro, vuelvo a casa y hago los deberes. Me acuesto a las diez.’
示例句子：’我通常七点起床。七点半吃早餐。八点去学校。八点一刻开始上课。四点回家做作业。十点睡觉。’
Notice ‘me levanto’ (I get myself up) is reflexive, while ‘desayuno’ (I have breakfast) is not. Time is expressed as ‘a la/las’ + time. ‘Y media’ means half past, ‘y cuarto’ means quarter past. ‘Menos cuarto’ means quarter to.
注意 ‘me levanto’ 是自复形式，而 ‘desayuno’ 不是。时间表达用 ‘a la/las’ + 时间。’Y media’ 表示半点，’y cuarto’ 表示一刻。’Menos cuarto’ 表示差一刻。
Your drill: Write your own daily routine in Spanish, using at least five activities and the correct times. Begin with ‘Me despierto a las…’ and end with ‘Me duermo a las…’.
你的练习：用西班牙语写出你自己的日常作息，至少使用五项活动并写出正确的时间。以 ‘Me despierto a las…’ 开头，以 ‘Me duermo a las…’ 结尾。
8. Case Study 7: Weather and Seasons | 案例七：天气与季节
Situation: Before going out to play, Carlos and Lucía check the weather and discuss what to wear. This drill covers basic weather phrases and seasons.
情境：出去玩之前，卡洛斯和露西亚查看天气并讨论穿什么。这个练习涵盖基本的天气用语和季节。
Essential expressions: ‘¿Qué tiempo hace?’ (What is the weather like?). ‘Hace sol’ (It is sunny), ‘Hace frío’ (It is cold), ‘Hace calor’ (It is hot), ‘Está nublado’ (It is cloudy), ‘Está lloviendo’ (It is raining), ‘Nieva’ (It is snowing). Seasons: primavera (spring), verano (summer), otoño (autumn), invierno (winter).
基本表达：’¿Qué tiempo hace?’ (天气怎么样？)。’Hace sol’ (晴天)，’Hace frío’ (冷)，’Hace calor’ (热)，’Está nublado’ (多云)，’Está lloviendo’ (下雨)，’Nieva’ (下雪)。季节：primavera (春), verano (夏), otoño (秋), invierno (冬)。
When giving weather for a specific season, you can say: ‘En verano hace calor’ (In summer it is hot). Note that ‘hay’ is used for phenomena like ‘Hay niebla’ (There is fog) or ‘Hay tormenta’ (There is a storm).
描述某一季节的天气时，可以说：’En verano hace calor’。注意 ‘hay’ 用于描述现象，如 ‘Hay niebla’ (有雾) 或 ‘Hay tormenta’ (有暴风雨)。
Your drill: Describe the weather in four different seasons in your country. Use at least two weather expressions per season. Example: ‘En invierno hace frío y nieva a veces.’
你的练习：描述你所在国家四个不同季节的天气。每个季节至少使用两种天气表达。例如：’En invierno hace frío y nieva a veces.’ (冬天很冷，有时下雪)。
9. Case Study 8: Shopping for Clothes | 案例八：购买衣服
Situation: Lucía wants to buy a T-shirt. She enters a shop and speaks to the shop assistant. This drill practises shopping vocabulary, colours, and the verb ‘querer’ (to want).
情境：露西亚想买一件T恤。她走进一家商店与店员交谈。这个练习训练购物词汇、颜色以及动词 ‘querer’ (想要)。
Dialogue snippet: ‘Buenos días. ¿Puedo ayudarte?’ – ‘Sí, quiero una camiseta azul.’ – ‘¿Qué talla?’ – ‘Mediana.’ – ‘Aquí tienes. ¿Algo más?’ – ‘No, gracias. ¿Cuánto cuesta?’ – ‘Doce euros.’
对话片段：’早上好。我能帮你吗？’ – ‘是的，我想要一件蓝色T恤。’ – ‘什么尺码？’ – ‘中号。’ – ‘给你。还需要别的吗？’ – ‘不用了，谢谢。多少钱？’ – ‘十二欧元。’
The verb ‘querer’ is a stem-changing verb: quiero, quieres, quiere, queremos, queréis, quieren. Colours agree in gender and number when acting as adjectives: una camiseta azul, unos zapatos negros. Numbers up to 100 and euros are essential for transactions.
动词 ‘querer’ 是词干元音替换动词：quiero, quieres, quiere, queremos, queréis, quieren。颜色作形容词时要在性数上保持一致：una camiseta azul（蓝色T恤，阴性单数），unos zapatos negros（黑色鞋子，阳性复数）。数字和欧元表达对交易至关重要。
Your drill: Write a short shopping conversation between a customer and a shop assistant. The customer wants a red jacket (una chaqueta roja) and a pair of jeans (unos vaqueros). Include size, price, and the final payment.
你的练习：写一段顾客与店员之间的简短购物对话。顾客想要一件红色夹克 (una chaqueta roja) 和一条牛仔裤 (unos vaqueros)。包含尺码、价格和最终付款。
10. Case Study 9: Asking for Directions | 案例九：问路
Situation: Carlos is new in town and needs to find the train station. He stops a passer-by and asks for directions. This case practises place names, prepositional phrases, and polite requests.
情境：卡洛斯初来乍到，需要找到火车站。他拦住一位路人问路。这个案例练习地点名称、介词短语和礼貌请求。
Useful structures: ‘Perdón, ¿dónde está la estación de tren?’ (Excuse me, where is the train station?). ‘Está a la derecha / a la izquierda / todo recto’ (It is on the right / on the left / straight ahead). ‘Gira en la esquina’ (Turn at the corner). ‘Sigue recto’ (Continue straight ahead). ‘Está cerca / lejos’ (It is near / far).
实用结构：’Perdón, ¿dónde está la estación de tren?’ (劳驾，火车站在哪里？)。’Está a la derecha / a la izquierda / todo recto’ (在右边/左边/一直走)。’Gira en la esquina’ (在拐角处转弯)。’Sigue recto’ (直走)。’Está cerca / lejos’ (近/远)。
When giving directions, the imperative forms for ‘tú’ are often used: ‘gira’ (turn), ‘sigue’ (continue), ‘cruza’ (cross). These are simple to learn and very effective in role-plays.
指路时，常使用 ‘tú’ 的命令式：’gira’ (转弯)，’sigue’ (继续)，’cruza’ (穿过)。这些形式简单易学，在角色扮演中非常实用。
Your drill: Draw a simple map of three places: a school, a park, and a supermarket. Write directions in Spanish from the school to the supermarket. Use at least three prepositional phrases.
你的练习：画一张简单的地图，标出三个地点：学校、公园和超市。用西班牙语写出从学校到超市的指路说明，至少使用三个介词短语。
11. Integrated Case Study Drill: A Day in Madrid | 综合案例演练：马德里的一天
This longer case brings together many of the
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