📚 Case Study Practice for Year 7 AQA Business | 案例分析实战演练（Year 7 AQA 商务）
Welcome to your first real challenge in business studies – using case studies to solve problems like a young entrepreneur. In this article, you will learn how to read a business scenario, pick out important facts, and give clear advice. By practising with a simple mini case study, you will build skills that are tested in AQA Year 7 Business and beyond. Think of yourself as a detective who examines clues about a business, then uses what you know to suggest the best next move. This is not just about memorising facts; it is about thinking like a business owner. Let’s get started.
欢迎来到你商科学习的第一次真正挑战——像一位年轻的企业家那样，使用案例研究来解决问题。在这篇文章中，你将学习如何阅读一个商业情景，提取重要信息，并给出清晰的建议。通过练习一个简单的小案例，你将培养在AQA 七年级商务考试中以及未来学习中都需要的技能。把自己想象成一名侦探，仔细查看关于一家企业的线索，然后运用所学知识，提出最佳行动方案。这不仅仅是死记硬背事实，而是像企业老板一样思考。我们现在就开始吧。
1. What Is a Business Case Study? | 什么是商业案例研究？
A business case study is a short story about a real or made‑up company. It gives you background information, such as what the business sells, who its customers are, and any problems it faces. Your task is to read the story carefully, find the key facts, and then answer questions using business ideas. Case studies help you practise applying theory to real life, which is a skill every entrepreneur needs. In Year 7, case studies are kept simple so you can focus on the basics like costs, customers, and competition.
商业案例研究是一个关于真实或虚构公司的简短故事。它为你提供背景信息，比如这家企业卖什么产品、它的顾客是谁，以及它面临什么问题。你的任务是仔细阅读这个故事，找出关键事实，然后运用商业概念来回答问题。案例研究帮助你练习将理论应用于现实生活，这是每位企业家都需要掌握的技能。在七年级，案例研究被设计得比较简单，这样你就可以专注于成本、顾客和竞争等基础知识。
2. Reading the Case with Purpose | 带着目的去阅读案例
Before you start writing an answer, read the case study at least twice. First, get a general idea of what is happening. Second, underline or highlight numbers, names, and any phrases that show a problem or opportunity. Look for the 5 Ws: who is involved, what the business does, where it operates, when events happen, and why a decision is needed. This method stops you from missing important details and helps you plan your answer clearly.
在你开始写答案之前，至少把案例研究读两遍。第一遍，大致了解发生了什么事。第二遍，在数字、名称以及任何显示问题或机会的词句下面划线或高亮。寻找五个W：谁参与了、企业做什么、在哪里经营、事件何时发生，以及为什么需要做出决策。这个方法可以防止你遗漏重要细节，并帮助你清晰地规划答案。
3. Spotting the Problem or Decision | 识别问题或决策点
Every case study has a central question – maybe the owner wants to increase profit, launch a new product, or choose between two suppliers. Circle the sentence that tells you what the business needs to decide. Sometimes the question is written at the end of the case, for example: ‘Should Priya open a second shop?’ Once you spot the main problem, keep it in mind as you look for evidence. Your answer must directly address this decision.
每个案例研究都有一个核心问题——可能是店主想要提高利润、推出一款新产品，或者在两个供应商之间做出选择。把告诉你企业需要决定什么的句子圈出来。有时问题会写在案例结尾，例如：“普丽娅应该开第二家店吗？”一旦你发现了主要问题，就在寻找证据时始终把它放在心里。你的回答必须直接针对这个决策。
4. Identifying Key Business Clues | 找出关键的商业线索
Business clues are pieces of information that help you understand what is going on. These can be about costs (rent, materials, wages), revenue (money from sales), customers (age, preferences), or competitors. A clue might be: ‘Sales have dropped by 10% because a new café opened next door.’ That tells you competition is hurting the business. Make a quick list of these clues before you write; they will be your evidence for recommendations.
商业线索是帮助你理解情况的那些信息片段。它们可以是关于成本（租金、材料、工资）、收入（销售所得）、顾客（年龄、偏好）或竞争对手的。一条线索可能是：“因为隔壁新开了一家咖啡馆，销售额下降了10%。”这告诉你竞争正在伤害这家企业。在动笔之前，快速列出这些线索；它们将成为你提出建议时的证据。
5. Using Business Terms Correctly | 正确使用商业术语
AQA examiners look for the right vocabulary. Even in Year 7, you should use words like ‘profit’, ‘revenue’, ‘costs’, ‘customer needs’, and ‘break‑even’ where they fit. For example, instead of saying ‘The business makes more money’, write ‘The business earns higher revenue’. This shows you understand the subject. Keep a small glossary of key terms in your revision notes and practise using them in sentences about the case.
AQA的考官会看你是否使用了恰当的词汇。即使在七年级，你也应该在合适的地方使用诸如‘利润’、‘收入’、‘成本’、‘顾客需求’和‘盈亏平衡’等词汇。例如，不要写‘这家公司赚了更多钱’，而应写‘这家公司获得了更高的收入’。这显示你对学科知识的理解。在复习笔记中保留一个小型关键词词汇表，并练习在有关案例的句子中使用它们。
6. A Simple Framework: SWOT Thinking | 一个简单的分析框架：SWOT 思维
SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. It is a simple tool that helps you organise your thoughts. Strengths are things the business does well, for example great location or friendly staff. Weaknesses are areas that need improvement, such as high costs or limited product range. Opportunities are external chances to grow, like a new festival in town. Threats are external risks, like a new competitor. Applying SWOT to a case will give your answer structure.
SWOT 代表优势、劣势、机会和威胁。这是一个简单的工具，可以帮助你整理思路。优势是企业做得好的地方，例如优越的地理位置或友善的员工。劣势是需要改进的方面，比如高成本或有限的产品种类。机会是外部的成长机遇，比如城镇里要举办一个新的节日。威胁是外部的风险，比如一个新的竞争对手。在案例中应用 SWOT 分析会让你的回答更有条理。
7. Mini Case Study: Priya’s Smoothie Cart | 小案例：普丽娅的冰沙推车
Let’s practise with a real example. Priya runs a smoothie cart near a park. She sells healthy fruit smoothies at £3 each. Her daily costs are £30 for ingredients and £10 for pitch fees. On sunny days she sells 25 smoothies; on rainy days she sells only 8. Recently, a new coffee van started parking 50 metres away, and some customers have switched. Priya wonders if she should add a loyalty card to keep customers returning.
让我们用一个真实的例子来练习。普丽娅在公园附近经营一辆冰沙推车。她以每杯3英镑的价格出售健康水果冰沙。她每天的成本是30英镑的原料费和10英镑的场地费。在晴天她能卖出25杯冰沙，而在雨天只能卖出8杯。最近，一辆新的咖啡车开始在50米外营业，一些顾客转向了那里。普丽娅在考虑是否应该推出积分卡来留住回头客。
Now, let’s break down this case together. You can see the product, price, costs, and a clear problem – falling customers due to competition. The decision is whether a loyalty card is a good idea. In the next sections we will analyse the clues and give a reasoned suggestion, just like you would in an exam.
现在，让我们一起来拆解这个案例。你可以看到产品、价格、成本，以及一个明显的问题——由于竞争导致的顾客流失。决策点是采用积分卡是否是个好主意。在接下来的部分，我们将分析线索并给出一个有理有据的建议，就像你在考试中要做的那样。
8. Calculating the Numbers | 计算数字
Numbers often matter in business studies. From Priya’s case, we can find profit on a sunny day: revenue = 25 × £3 = £75; total costs = £30 + £10 = £40; profit = £75 – £40 = £35. On a rainy day: revenue = 8 × £3 = £24; loss = £24 – £40 = –£16. This tells us Priya relies heavily on good weather. If the loyalty card reduces the loss on rainy days by attracting even two extra customers, it might be worthwhile.
在商科学习中，数字往往很重要。从普丽娅的案例中，我们可以算出晴天的利润：收入 = 25 × 3英镑 = 75英镑；总成本 = 30英镑 + 10英镑 = 40英镑；利润 = 75英镑 – 40英镑 = 35英镑。在雨天：收入 = 8 × 3英镑 = 24英镑；亏损 = 24英镑 – 40英镑 = –16英镑。这告诉我们普丽娅非常依赖好天气。如果积分卡能在雨天吸引哪怕两位额外顾客来减少亏损，那就可能很值得。
9. Evaluating the Loyalty Card Idea | 评估积分卡方案
A loyalty card could give customers a free smoothie after, say, 7 purchases. Strengths: it encourages repeat visits and makes customers feel valued. Weaknesses: it costs money to print cards and reduces profit on the free smoothie. Opportunity: word‑of‑mouth could bring new customers. Threat: the coffee van might copy the idea quickly. A good answer weighs these points and states whether the positives outweigh the negatives for Priya’s specific situation.
积分卡可以让顾客在例如购买7杯后免费获得一杯冰沙。优势：它能鼓励重复光顾，并让顾客感到被重视。劣势：印制卡片需要花钱，并且免费冰沙会降低利润。机会：口碑可能会带来新顾客。威胁：咖啡车可能很快就效仿这个做法。一个好的答案会权衡这些要点，并指出对于普丽娅的具体情况来说，正面因素是否超过负面因素。
10. Making a Supported Decision | 做出有依据的决策
In your conclusion, you must answer the question directly and back it up with evidence from the case. For Priya, you might write: ‘I recommend Priya introduce a loyalty card because her main problem is keeping customers when the weather is bad or when the coffee van attracts her regulars. The card can increase rainy‑day sales by at least 2 cups, which would reduce the daily loss from –£16 to –£10. Although there is a small printing cost, the extra sales over time should more than cover it.’
在结论中，你必须直接回答问题，并用案例中的证据来支撑。对于普丽娅，你可以这样写：“我建议普丽娅推出积分卡，因为她的主要问题是在天气不好或咖啡车抢走常客时，如何留住顾客。积分卡可以在雨天至少增加两杯的销量，这将使每日亏损从16英镑减少到10英镑。虽然有小额的印制成本，但长期来看，增加的销售额应该远远超过这个成本。”
11. Common Mistakes to Avoid | 要避免的常见错误
Many students retell the whole case without adding any analysis. Do not just describe – explain what the facts mean. Another mistake is forgetting to answer the set question. Always check that your final paragraph gives a clear decision. Also, avoid using vague words like ‘good’ or ‘bad’; instead, use business terms like ‘profitable’, ‘risky’, or ‘cost‑effective’. Finally, keep your answer structured: start with the problem, present your evidence, and end with a recommendation.
许多学生复述了整个案例，却没有进行任何分析。不要只是描述，要解释这些事实意味着什么。另一个常见错误是忘记回答所设定的问题。一定要检查你的最后一段是否给出了明确的决策。此外，避免使用诸如‘好’或‘坏’这样模糊的词语，而应使用像‘有利可图’、‘有风险’或‘具有成本效益’这样的商业术语。最后，保持你的回答结构清晰：先陈述问题，再展示你的证据，最后给出建议。
12. Practice Makes a Perfect Analyst | 熟能生巧，成为出色的分析师
Now it’s your turn. Find a simple news article about a local business, or ask your teacher for a short case study, and try to apply the steps from this article. Identify the problem, list the clues, run a quick SWOT, do any simple calculations, and write a supported recommendation. The more you practise, the faster and more confident you will become. Remember, every big business leader started by solving small problems like the one Priya faces.
现在轮到你了。找一篇关于本地企业的简短新闻文章，或者请你的老师提供一个小案例，试着应用本文中的步骤。识别问题，列出线索，快速做一个SWOT分析，进行简单的计算，然后写出一个有支撑的建议。你练习得越多，就会变得越快、越自信。请记住，每一位卓越的企业领袖都是从解决像普丽娅所面临的那种小问题开始的。
Published by TutorHao | Business Revision Series | aleveler.com
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