📚 Interdisciplinary Philosophy Skills Practice for Year 7 | 七年级跨学科哲学综合题型训练
Philosophy helps us ask big questions. In this revision resource, you will practise using philosophical thinking across many subjects. Each task mixes philosophy with maths, science, history, art and more. The aim is not just to answer, but to reason, discuss and reflect. These skills are essential for CCEA Year 7 philosophy assessments.
哲学帮助我们提出大问题。在这份复习资源中，你将练习跨越多学科的哲学思维。每个任务将哲学与数学、科学、历史、艺术等融合。目标不仅仅是回答，而是推理、讨论和反思。这些技能对 CCEA 七年级哲学评估至关重要。
1. Mathematics and Philosophy: Are Numbers Invented or Discovered? | 数学与哲学：数字是发明还是发现？
Mathematics seems full of certainty. 2 + 2 = 4 always. But where does mathematics come from? Is it a human invention, or do we discover mathematical truths that exist independently of us? Philosophers and mathematicians have debated this for centuries.
数学看起来充满了确定性。2 + 2 总是等于 4。但数学从何而来？它是人类的发明，还是我们发现了独立于我们而存在的数学真理？哲学家和数学家已经为此争论了几个世纪。
If you build a sandcastle, you invent it. If you find a fossil, you discover it. Which one best describes how we get new mathematical knowledge? Think about Pythagoras’ theorem: a² + b² = c². Did Pythagoras invent that relationship, or did he uncover a truth about triangles that was always true, even before him?
如果你建了一座沙堡，你发明了它。如果你找到一块化石，你发现了它。哪种说法最能描述我们如何获得新的数学知识？想一想毕达哥拉斯定理：a² + b² = c²。是毕达哥拉斯发明了这个关系，还是他揭示了一个关于三角形的真理，而这个真理在他之前就一直存在？
Now, try this mental experiment: If all intelligent life disappeared from the universe, would the statement “7 is a prime number” still be true? Defend your answer with reasons.
现在，尝试这个思想实验：如果宇宙中所有智慧生命都消失了，”7是质数”这句话还真实吗？用理由捍卫你的答案。
2. Science and Ethics: Should We Clone Animals? | 科学与伦理：我们该克隆动物吗？
Scientists have cloned sheep, dogs and even monkeys. Imagine your class is asked to vote on whether cloning a human pet is allowed. This is not just a science question — it is a moral philosophy question about right and wrong, playing God, and animal welfare.
科学家已经克隆了羊、狗甚至猴子。想象你的班级被要求投票决定是否允许克隆人类宠物。这不仅仅是一个科学问题——它是一个关于对与错、扮演上帝以及动物福利的道德哲学问题。
Use the ethical framework of consequences (utilitarianism): ask what would bring the most happiness and least suffering. Then use the framework of rights (deontology): do animals have a right not to be used as experiments? Explain both.
使用后果论的伦理框架（功利主义）：问什么会带来最大的幸福和最少的痛苦。再使用权利论的框架（义务论）：动物是否有权不被用作实验？解释两者。
Write a short paragraph arguing for or against cloning, using at least one philosophical reason. Your reason could be based on consequences, rights, or the idea of ‘what is natural’.
写一小段论证支持或反对克隆，至少使用一个哲学理由。你的理由可以基于后果、权利，或者”什么是自然的”这一观念。
3. History and Truth: How Do We Know What Really Happened? | 历史与真理：我们如何知道真实发生了什么事？
We learn about the Roman Empire from books and ruins. But how can we be sure the stories are accurate? Primary sources might be biased. Philosophers ask: what is historical truth and can we ever be certain about the past?
我们从书本和废墟中了解罗马帝国。但我们如何能确信故事是准确的？一手资料可能带有偏见。哲学家们问：什么是历史真相，我们能否对过去完全确定？
A coin with the Emperor’s face is physical evidence. Yet a historian’s account might exaggerate his victories. Compare evidence reliability: which is stronger, a diary written at the time or a textbook written fifty years later? Why? Think about how memory and perspective affect the truth.
一枚印有皇帝头像的硬币是实物证据。然而历史学家的记述可能夸大了他的胜利。比较证据的可靠性：哪个更强，当时写的日记还是五十年后写的教科书？为什么？思考记忆和视角如何影响真相。
Think about the phrase “winners write history”. What does that mean for our understanding of the past? Discuss how a philosopher might try to get closer to the truth by asking more questions and seeking multiple viewpoints.
想一想”胜利者书写历史”这句话。这对我们理解过去意味着什么？讨论哲学家可能会如何通过提出更多问题和寻找多种观点来努力接近真相。
4. Art and Beauty: Can Beauty Be Measured? | 艺术与美：美可以衡量吗？
Some people say a sunset is beautiful; others find beauty in a mathematical equation. In philosophy, aesthetics explores beauty. Can beauty be measured like length? Or is it purely a matter of personal taste?
有些人说日落很美；另一些人则在数学方程中发现美。在哲学中，美学探索美。美能像长度一样被衡量吗？还是纯粹的个人品味问题？
The golden ratio (φ ≈ 1.618) appears in art and nature. Many artists use it to make compositions pleasing. Does this mean beauty is objective? If I think a chaotic splatter painting is ugly, am I wrong? Defend a position using either a subjectivist or objectivist view.
黄金比例（φ 约等于 1.618）出现在艺术和自然中。许多艺术家用它使构图赏心悦目。这意味着美是客观的吗？如果我认为一幅混乱的泼溅画是丑陋的，我错了吗？用主观主义或客观主义的观点捍卫一个立场。
Create a list of three things you find beautiful and three you find ugly. For each, ask yourself: could someone reasonably disagree? What would a relativist say about your judgment?
列出三个你认为美的东西和三个你认为丑的东西。对每一个，问自己：有人可以合理地不同意吗？一个相对主义者会如何评价你的判断？
5. Geography and Environmental Ethics: Who Should Own the Rainforest? | 地理与环境伦理：谁该拥有雨林？
The Amazon rainforest is in South America, but its trees produce oxygen for the whole planet. Who should own it? The indigenous people, the national government, or everyone on Earth? This mixes geography, politics and ethics.
亚马逊雨林位于南美洲，但它的树木为整个地球产生氧气。谁应该拥有它？原住民、国家政府，还是地球上的每个人？这混合了地理、政治和伦理。
Use the tragedy of the commons idea: if nobody owns it, everyone might overuse it. If one country owns it, might they cut it down for money? What would a fair solution look like from a philosophical perspective of justice? Consider the ‘veil of ignorance’ thought experiment.
使用公地悲剧的概念：如果它不属于任何人，每个人都可能过度使用它。如果一个国家拥有它，该国可能会为了金钱而砍伐？从正义的哲学角度看，公平的解决方案会是什么样？考虑”无知之幕”思想实验。
Draw a mind map connecting ‘ownership’, ‘responsibility’, and ‘future generations’. Then write a short ethical principle you think the world should follow when deciding how to use shared natural resources.
画一个思维导图，连接”所有权”、”责任”和”后代”。然后写一条你认为世界在决定如何使用共享自然资源时应该遵循的简短伦理原则。
6. Language and Meaning: How Do Words Get Their Power? | 语言与意义：词语如何获得力量？
A word is just a sound or a mark. Why does the word ‘promise’ create an obligation? When I say “I promise to help”, I change reality. Philosophers of language study how words do things. This connects English with philosophy.
一个词只是一个声音或符号。为什么”承诺”这个词会产生义务？当我说”我保证会帮忙”时，我改变了现实。语言哲学家研究词语如何做事。这联系了英语和哲学。
Consider the phrase “I name this ship the ‘Queen Mary’”. By uttering those words, the ship’s name actually changes. These are called performative utterances. Can you think of other examples where speaking makes something true, such as bets, apologies, or verdicts?
考虑短语”我将此船命名为’玛丽女王号’”。通过说出这些话，船的名字真的改变了。这些被称为施行话语。你能想到其他通过说话使某事成真的例子吗，比如打赌、道歉或判决？
If language shapes our thinking (the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis), does learning a new language change how you see the world? Discuss with an example from your own experience, like words for colours or feelings that do not exist in English.
如果语言塑造我们的思维（萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说），学习一门新语言会改变你看世界的方式吗？用你自己的经历举例讨论，比如英语中不存在的颜色或情感词汇。
7. Computer Science and the Mind: Can Robots
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