Key Political Terms for Year 7 AQA | 七年级AQA政治核心词汇速记指南

📚 Key Political Terms for Year 7 AQA | 七年级AQA政治核心词汇速记指南

Welcome to this quick guide to key political terms for Year 7 AQA Citizenship! Understanding these words is the first step to becoming an informed and active citizen. We will break them down into easy-to-remember sections, each with a clear definition and memory tips.

欢迎来到七年级AQA公民教育关键政治词汇速记指南！掌握这些词汇是成为见多识广、积极参与的公民的第一步。我们将它们分解成易于记忆的小节，每节都给出清晰的定义和记忆小贴士。

1. Democracy and Government | 民主与政府

Democracy comes from the Greek words demos (people) and kratos (rule). It means a system where the people have the power to choose their leaders and influence decisions. In the UK, we live in a representative democracy—we elect Members of Parliament to represent us.

民主一词源自希腊语 demos（人民）和 kratos（统治）。它指的是人民有权选择其领导人并影响决策的制度。在英国，我们生活在代议制民主中——我们选举议会议员来代表我们。

Government is the group of people who run the country, make laws, manage public money, and provide services like the NHS, schools, and the police. The government is formed by the political party that wins the most seats in a general election.

政府是管理国家、制定法律、管理公共资金并提供国民医疗服务、学校和警察等服务的群体。政府由在普选中赢得最多席位的政党组成。

Representative democracy means citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf. This differs from direct democracy, where people vote on every issue themselves. The UK mainly uses representative democracy, but we sometimes use direct democracy through referendums.

代议制民主意味着公民选举代表替他们作出决策。这与直接民主不同，后者中人民对每一项议题亲自投票。英国主要采用代议制民主，但我们有时通过公投来实行直接民主。

Constituency is a geographical area that elects one MP to Parliament. When you vote, you choose a candidate to represent your constituency.

选区是选举一名议员进入议会的地理区域。你投票时，选择一位候选人来代表你的选区。

2. The Monarchy and Parliament | 君主与议会

Monarchy is a form of government where a king or queen is the head of state. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. This means the monarch’s powers are limited by law and by Parliament. The monarch reigns but does not rule.

君主制是一种由国王或女王担任国家元首的政府形式。联合王国是一个君主立宪制国家。这意味着君主的权力受到法律和议会的限制。君主统而不治。

Parliament is the supreme law-making body in the UK. It is made up of three parts: the monarch (currently King Charles III), the House of Commons, and the House of Lords. All three parts must agree for a new law to be passed.

议会是英国最高立法机构。它由三部分组成：君主（现任国王查尔斯三世）、下议院和上议院。必须三方都同意，新法律才能通过。

The House of Commons is the more powerful chamber, consisting of 650 elected MPs. The House of Lords is the upper chamber, made up of appointed members (life peers), bishops, and hereditary peers. They review and suggest changes to laws proposed by the Commons.

下议院是权力更大的议院，由650名民选议员组成。上议院是上院，由获任命的成员（终身贵族）、主教和世袭贵族组成。他们对下议院提出的法律进行审查并建议修改。

3. Voting and Elections | 投票与选举

An election is the process by which citizens vote to choose a person or political party to hold public office. In the UK, general elections are usually held every five years to elect MPs to the House of Commons.

选举是公民投票选择个人或政党担任公职的过程。在英国，普选通常每五年举行一次，以选举下议院议员。

A vote is the choice you make in an election. It is secret, meaning nobody else can see how you voted. You must be 18 or older to vote in UK general elections.

投票是你在选举中作出的选择。它是秘密的，这意味着其他人无法看到你是如何投票的。你必须年满18岁才能在英国的普选中投票。

The ballot paper is the piece of paper on which you mark your vote. A polling station is the place where you go to vote, often a local school or community centre.

选票是你在上面标记投票的纸张。投票站是你前去投票的地方，常常是当地的学校或社区中心。

A referendum is a direct vote on a single issue, such as whether to leave the European Union. The result of a referendum is usually binding on the government.

公投是针对单一议题（如是否脱离欧盟）进行的直接投票。公投的结果通常对政府具有约束力。

4. Rights and Responsibilities | 权利与责任

Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement. In the UK, we have rights protected by law, such as the right to free speech, the right to a fair trial, and the right to education.

权利是关于

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