📚 Mastering Year 7 CCEA Spanish: Essential Knowledge Points | 掌握Year 7 CCEA西班牙语：核心知识点梳理
Welcome to your comprehensive guide for Year 7 CCEA Spanish. This article brings together all the essential vocabulary, grammar points and practical phrases you need to feel confident in your first year of learning Spanish. The content is organised into ten clear sections covering greetings, personal descriptions, numbers, time, colours, the calendar, family, school, food, key verbs and core grammar. Each topic is presented with simple explanations and ready-to-use examples so you can revise effectively and build strong foundations for future study.
欢迎来到 Year 7 CCEA 西班牙语全面指南。本文汇集了您在西班牙语学习第一年需要掌握的所有核心词汇、语法要点和实用表达，帮助您建立自信。内容分为十个清晰的板块，涵盖问候语、个人信息、数字与时间、颜色与描写、日期与季节、家庭与宠物、校园生活、饮食喜好、核心动词以及基础语法。每个主题都配有简洁的说明和即学即用的例句，让您高效复习，为今后的学习打下扎实基础。
1. Introduction to Spanish & Greetings | 西班牙语入门与问候
Spanish is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, with over 500 million speakers. At the start of Year 7, you learn how to greet people politely and introduce yourself. The most common greeting is ‘Hola’, which simply means ‘Hello’. Depending on the time of day, you can also use ‘Buenos días’ (good morning), ‘Buenas tardes’ (good afternoon) or ‘Buenas noches’ (good evening / night). When you want to ask someone how they are, you can say ‘¿Qué tal?’ or ‘¿Cómo estás?’.
西班牙语是全球使用最广泛的语言之一，使用人数超过五亿。在七年级伊始，您会学习如何礼貌地问候他人并介绍自己。最常用的问候语是 ‘Hola’，意思是 ‘你好’。根据一天中的不同时段，还可以使用 ‘Buenos días’（早上好）、’Buenas tardes’（下午好）或 ‘Buenas noches’（晚上好/晚安）。当您想询问某人近况时，可以说 ‘¿Qué tal?’ 或 ‘¿Cómo estás?’。
Politeness is very important in Spanish. Always remember to say ‘por favor’ (please) and ‘gracias’ (thank you). To reply when someone says thank you, you can use ‘de nada’ (you’re welcome). If you need to apologise, say ‘perdón’ or ‘lo siento’. When leaving, you have several options: ‘adiós’ (goodbye), ‘hasta luego’ (see you later) or ‘hasta mañana’ (see you tomorrow). Noticing the upside-down question mark at the start of a question is a key feature of Spanish writing.
在西班牙语中礼貌非常重要。请务必记住说 ‘por favor’（请）和 ‘gracias’（谢谢）。当有人对您表示感谢时，可以用 ‘de nada’（不客气）来回应。如果需要道歉，可以说 ‘perdón’ 或 ‘lo siento’。告别时也有多种选择：’adiós’（再见）、’hasta luego’（回头见）或 ‘hasta mañana’（明天见）。注意问句开头的倒问号是西班牙语书写的一个关键特征。
| English | Spanish |
| Hello | Hola |
| Good morning | Buenos días |
| Good afternoon | Buenas tardes |
| How are you? | ¿Qué tal? / ¿Cómo estás? |
| Please | Por favor |
| Thank you | Gracias |
2. Personal Identification: Name, Age & Birthday | 个人信息：姓名、年龄与生日
Being able to introduce yourself is one of the first real communication goals in Spanish. To ask someone’s name, use ‘¿Cómo te llamas?’. The answer is ‘Me llamo …’ followed by your name. You can also ask ‘¿Cómo se llama él/ella?’ for ‘What is his/her name?’ and reply ‘Se llama …’. Another way to give your name is ‘Soy …’, which means ‘I am …’.
能用西班牙语进行自我介绍是首批真实的交际目标之一。询问他人姓名时，使用 ‘¿Cómo te llamas?’。回答是 ‘Me llamo …’ 后接您的名字。您也可以问 ‘¿Cómo se llama él/ella?’ 表示 ‘他/她叫什么名字？’，并回答 ‘Se llama …’。另一种报出姓名的方式是 ‘Soy …’，意为 ‘我是 …’。
Age is equally important. The question ‘¿Cuántos años tienes?’ means ‘How old are you?’. You answer ‘Tengo … años’, inserting the number of your age. Notice that Spanish uses the verb ‘tener’ (to have) for age, so you literally say ‘I have … years’. For asking about someone else’s age, use ‘¿Cuántos años tiene …?’. When talking about your birthday, learn ‘¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?’ and respond with ‘Mi cumpleaños es el … de …’. For example, ‘Mi cumpleaños es el doce de mayo’.
年龄同样重要。问句 ‘¿Cuántos años tienes?’ 的意思是 ‘你多大了？’。您回答 ‘Tengo … años’，中间插入年龄数字。请注意，西班牙语用动词 ‘tener’（有）来表达年龄，所以字面意思是 ‘我有 … 岁’。询问他人的年龄时，使用 ‘¿Cuántos años tiene …?’。当谈论生日时，要学习 ‘¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?’，并用 ‘Mi cumpleaños es el … de …’ 回应。例如，’Mi cumpleaños es el doce de mayo’（我的生日是五月十二日）。
You also need the months and numbers for dates. While these are covered in detail later, it is helpful to practise the numbers 1–31 and the months from the beginning. Combine this with ‘el’ before the day and ‘de’ before the month.
您还需要掌握月份和数字来表示日期。虽然之后会详细学习，但从一开始就练习数字 1–31 和月份会很有帮助。表达方式是在日期前加 ‘el’，月份前加 ‘de’。
3. Numbers 1–100 & Telling the Time | 数字 1–100 与时间表达
Numbers are essential for giving your age, telling the time, talking about dates and prices. In Year 7 you need to know the numbers from 1 up to at least 100. Start with 1–20: uno, dos, tres, cuatro, cinco, seis, siete, ocho, nueve, diez, once, doce, trece, catorce, quince, dieciséis, diecisiete, dieciocho, diecinueve, veinte. Notice the accents on ‘dieciséis’ and others. From 21 to 29 you use ‘veinti’ plus the unit, e.g. ‘veintiuno’, ‘veintidós’. From 30 onwards you use the tens and connect them with ‘y’: treinta y uno, cuarenta y dos, cincuenta y tres, etc. The tens are: treinta (30), cuarenta (40), cincuenta (50), sesenta (60), setenta (70), ochenta (80), noventa (90), cien (100).
数字在表达年龄、时间、日期和价格时必不可少。在七年级，您需要掌握至少从 1 到 100 的数字。先从 1–20 开始：uno, dos, tres, cuatro, cinco, seis, siete, ocho, nueve, diez, once, doce, trece, catorce, quince, dieciséis, diecisiete, dieciocho, diecinueve, veinte。请注意 ‘dieciséis’ 等词上的重音符号。21 到 29 用 ‘veinti’ 加个位数构成，如 ‘veintiuno’、’veintidós’。从 30 开始用整十数加 ‘y’ 连接：treinta y uno、cuarenta y dos、cincuenta y tres 等。整十数为：treinta (30)、cuarenta (40)、cincuenta (50)、sesenta (60)、setenta (70)、ochenta (80)、noventa (90)、cien (100)。
To tell the time, ask ‘¿Qué hora es?’. For one o’clock, say ‘Es la una’. For other hours, use ‘Son las’ followed by the number, e.g. ‘Son las dos’, ‘Son las tres’. To add minutes, use ‘y’ plus the number of minutes: ‘Son las tres y diez’ (3:10). For quarter past, say ‘y cuarto’; for half past, say ‘y media’. For quarter to, use ‘menos cuarto’: ‘Son las cuatro menos cuarto’ means 3:45. To indicate at what time something happens, use ‘a la’ for one o’clock and ‘a las’ for other times: ‘a la una’, ‘a las cuatro’.
询问时间时说 ‘¿Qué hora es?’。一点钟用 ‘Es la una’。其他整点用 ‘Son las’ 加数字，如 ‘Son las dos’、’Son las tres’。添加分钟用 ‘y’ 加分钟数：’Son las tres y diez’ (3:10)。一刻钟用 ‘y cuarto’；半小时用 ‘y media’。差一刻钟用 ‘menos cuarto’：’Son las cuatro menos cuarto’ 表示 3:45。表示在某个时间点做某事，一点用 ‘a la’，其他用 ‘a las’：’a la una’、’a las cuatro’。
| 1-10 | uno, dos, tres, cuatro, cinco, seis, siete, ocho, nueve, diez |
| 11-20 | once, doce, trece, catorce, quince, dieciséis, diecisiete, dieciocho, diecinueve, veinte |
| Tens | treinta, cuarenta, cincuenta, sesenta, setenta, ochenta, noventa, cien |
4. Colours & Physical Descriptions | 颜色与人物描写
Colours are one of the first vocabulary sets that let you describe the world around you. Learn the basic colours in their masculine singular form: rojo (red), azul (blue), verde (green), amarillo (yellow), negro (black), blanco (white), naranja (orange), rosa (pink), gris (grey), marrón (brown) and morado (purple). Remember that most colours change their ending to agree with the noun they describe. For example, ‘un libro rojo’ (a red book) but ‘una falda roja’ (a red skirt). ‘Azul’ and ‘verde’ have the same form for both masculine and feminine, but they add ‘-es’ for plural: ‘ojos azules’. ‘Naranja’ and ‘rosa’ usually stay the same.
颜色是让您能够描述周围世界的首批词汇之一。要掌握基础颜色的阳性单数形式：rojo（红）、azul（蓝）、verde（绿）、amarillo（黄）、negro（黑）、blanco（白）、naranja（橙）、rosa（粉）、gris（灰）、marrón（棕）和 morado（紫）。请记住，大多数颜色需要根据所修饰名词改变词尾以达到性数一致。例如 ‘un libro rojo’（一本红色的书），但 ‘una falda roja’（一条红裙子）。’Azul’ 和 ‘verde’ 的阳性和阴性形式相同，但复数加 ‘-es’：’ojos azules’。’Naranja’ 和 ‘rosa’ 通常保持不变。
Building on colours, you also learn to describe people’s hair and eyes. Use ‘tener’ to say what someone has: ‘Tiene el pelo …’ (He/She has … hair). Hair colours include rubio (blond), moreno (dark/brunette), castaño (brown) and pelirrojo (red). For length and style, you can add largo (long), corto (short), liso (straight) or rizado (curly). For eyes, say ‘Tiene los ojos …’ followed by azules, verdes, marrones or grises. You can also describe height and personality: alto (tall), bajo (short), simpático (nice), inteligente (intelligent), divertido (funny) and tímido (shy).
在颜色基础之上，您还将学习描写人物的头发和眼睛。用 ‘tener’ 表达某人有什么特征：’Tiene el pelo …’（他/她有着…头发）。头发颜色包括 rubio（金色）、moreno（深色/黑发）、castaño（棕色）和 pelirrojo（红色）。要表达长度和样式，可以加上 largo（长）、corto（短）、liso（直）或 rizado（卷）。描写眼睛时，说 ‘Tiene los ojos …’，后面接 azules、verdes、marrones 或 grises。此外还可以描述身高和性格：alto（高）、bajo（矮）、simpático（友善）、inteligente（聪明）、divertido（有趣）和 tímido（害羞）。
5. Days, Months, Seasons & Dates | 星期、月份、季节与日期
Knowing the days of the week and months is vital for talking about your timetable and birthday. The days in Spanish are: lunes (Monday), martes (Tuesday), miércoles (Wednesday), jueves (Thursday), viernes (Friday), sábado (Saturday) and domingo (Sunday). They are not capitalised and the week starts with lunes. To say ‘on Monday’ you use ‘el lunes’; for plural ‘on Mondays’ use ‘los lunes’.
掌握星期和月份对于谈论课程表和生日至关重要。西班牙语的星期是：lunes（星期一）、martes（星期二）、miércoles（星期三）、jueves（星期四）、viernes（星期五）、sábado（星期六）和 domingo（星期日）。它们不大写，且一周从 lunes 开始。表示 ‘在星期一’ 用 ‘el lunes’；表示 ‘每周一’ 用 ‘los lunes’。
The months are: enero, febrero, marzo, abril, mayo, junio, julio, agosto, septiembre, octubre, noviembre, diciembre. They are also lower-case. To express a date, use ‘el’ + number + ‘de’ + month: ‘el tres de enero’. The four seasons are la primavera (spring), el verano (summer), el otoño (autumn) and el invierno (winter). You can say ‘en verano’ for ‘in summer’.
月份是：enero、febrero、marzo、abril、mayo、junio、julio、agosto、septiembre、octubre、noviembre、diciembre。同样不大写。表达日期时使用 ‘el’ + 数字 + ‘de’ + 月份：’el tres de enero’。四季是 la primavera（春）、el verano（夏）、el otoño（秋）和 el invierno（冬）。可以说 ‘en verano’ 表示 ‘在夏天’。
A useful question is ‘¿Qué día es hoy?’ (What day is today?). Answer with ‘Hoy es lunes’ or ‘Hoy es el doce de marzo’. To ask about a specific date, use ‘¿A cuántos estamos?’, meaning ‘What is the date?’.
一个实用问句是 ‘¿Qué día es hoy?’（今天星期几？）。回答可以是 ‘Hoy es lunes’ 或 ‘Hoy es el doce de marzo’。询问具体日期可以说 ‘¿A cuántos estamos?’，意为 ‘今天几号？’。
6. Family Members & Pets | 家庭成员与宠物
Talking about your family is a favourite topic and lets you practise possessive adjectives naturally. Key family words are: madre (mother), padre (father), hermano (brother), hermana (sister), abuelo (grandfather), abuela (grandmother), tío (uncle), tía (aunt), primo (cousin, male) and prima (cousin, female). The plural forms ‘padres’ means parents and ‘hermanos’ can mean siblings or brothers. You can introduce family members by saying ‘Este es mi padre’ (This is
Published by TutorHao | Year 7 西班牙语 Revision Series | aleveler.com
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