Summer Preparation and Bridging Course for Year 7 CIE Engineering | CIE 工程七年级暑期预习衔接课程

📚 Summer Preparation and Bridging Course for Year 7 CIE Engineering | CIE 工程七年级暑期预习衔接课程

Welcome to the exciting world of engineering! This bridging course is designed to help you make a smooth transition from primary science into the hands-on, problem-solving approach of secondary engineering. Over the summer, you will explore key concepts, from materials and forces to design thinking and workshop safety, building a solid foundation for your Year 7 CIE Engineering course.

欢迎来到激动人心的工程学世界！这门衔接课程旨在帮助你从小学科学平稳过渡到注重动手实践和问题解决的中学工程学。整个暑假，你将探索从材料、力到设计思维和车间安全等关键概念，为七年级 CIE 工程课程打下坚实基础。

1. Welcome to Engineering | 欢迎学习工程学

Engineering is all about turning ideas into reality. As a Year 7 student, you will begin to think like an engineer by asking questions, designing solutions, and testing your creations. This summer, take the opportunity to observe the world around you: why is a bridge curved, how does a zipper work, or what makes a smartphone so slim? Curiosity is your first tool.

工程学就是把想法变成现实。作为七年级学生，你将开始像工程师一样思考——提出问题、设计解决方案并测试自己的作品。这个暑假，抓住机会观察身边的世界：为什么桥是弯曲的，拉链是如何工作的，或者是什么让智能手机如此轻薄？好奇心是你的第一件工具。

Remember that engineering is not just about hard hats and blueprints; it is a creative process that combines science, maths, and imagination. By the end of this bridging course, you will have a clearer picture of what engineers do and how you can start building your first projects.

请记住，工程学不仅仅是安全帽和蓝图；它是一个结合了科学、数学和想象力的创造性过程。通过本衔接课程的学习，你将更清楚地了解工程师做什么，以及如何开始构建自己的第一个项目。

2. What is Engineering? | 什么是工程学？

Engineering is the application of scientific and mathematical principles to design, build, and maintain structures, machines, and systems. There are many branches, including civil (bridges and buildings), mechanical (engines and robots), electrical (circuits and power), and chemical (materials and fuels). In Year 7, you will get a taste of several of these areas.

工程学是运用科学和数学原理来设计、建造和维护结构、机械和系统。它有许多分支，包括土木工程（桥梁和建筑）、机械工程（发动机和机器人）、电气工程（电路和电力）以及化学工程（材料和燃料）。在七年级，你将初步接触其中几个领域。

Think of an engineer as a problem-solver. For example, when a community needs clean water, a civil engineer designs a filtration system; when a car manufacturer wants a more efficient engine, a mechanical engineer redesigns the combustion process. As you progress, you will learn that engineering often involves trade-offs between cost, safety, and performance.

把工程师想象成问题的解决者。例如，当一个社区需要清洁用水时，土木工程师会设计过滤系统；当汽车制造商想要更高效的发动机时，机械工程师会重新设计燃烧过程。随着学习的深入，你将了解到工程往往需要在成本、安全和性能之间进行权衡。

3. The Engineering Design Cycle | 工程设计循环

At the heart of all engineering is the design cycle. This is a structured process that helps engineers develop effective solutions. The typical steps are: Ask (identify the problem), Imagine (brainstorm ideas), Plan (select a design and prepare materials), Create (build a prototype), Test (try it out and collect data), and Improve (make changes based on results). You will use this cycle repeatedly in your projects.

所有工程学的核心是设计循环。这是一个结构化的过程，有助于工程师开发有效的解决方案。典型步骤包括：提问（明确问题）、想象（头脑风暴）、计划（选择设计并准备材料）、创建（制作原型）、测试（试用并收集数据）和改进（根据结果做出修改）。你将在项目中反复运用这一循环。

Ask – What is the challenge? | 提问 – 挑战是什么？
Imagine – How many solutions can you think of? | 想象 – 你能想到多少种解决方案？
Plan – Draw, list resources, and break down tasks. | 计划 – 画图、列出所需资源并分解任务。
Create – Turn your plan into a physical or digital model. | 创建 – 将计划转化为实物或数字模型。
Test – Does it work? Measure and observe. | 测试 – 它管用吗？进行测量和观察。
Improve – Refine your design and try again. | 改进 – 完善设计再试一次。

Remember that failure is part of the journey. The ‘Improve’ step is where real learning happens, and no design is perfect on the first attempt. Keep a design notebook to record each iteration, a habit that will serve you well throughout your engineering studies.

记住，失败是旅程的一部分。”改进”这一步正是真正学习发生的地方，任何设计都不可能第一次就完美。准备一本设计笔记本，记录每一次迭代，这个习惯会在整个工程学习过程中让你受益匪浅。

4. Materials Matter | 材料的重要性

Choosing the right material is crucial in engineering. Common materials you will encounter in Year 7 include metals (steel, aluminium), plastics (acrylic, polythene), wood (pine, plywood), and composites (carbon fibre). Each material has properties that make it suitable for specific tasks. The table below introduces some key properties.

选择合适的材料在工程中至关重要。你在七年级会遇到的常见材料有金属（钢、铝）、塑料（亚克力、聚乙烯）、木材（松木、胶合板）和复合材料（碳纤维）。每种材料都有使其适用于特定任务的特性。下表介绍了一些关键特性。

Property (English)	属性 (中文)	Meaning
Hardness	硬度	Resistance to scratching or indentation
Toughness	韧性	Ability to absorb energy without breaking
Ductility	延展性	Can be drawn into wires
Conductivity	导电/导热性	Ability to transfer heat or electricity
Density	密度	Mass per unit volume

When you start building, you will need to think about factors such as weight, cost, and workability. For instance, aluminium is light and resistant to corrosion, making it ideal for aeroplane parts, while steel is stronger but heavier, suited for bridges. Always consider the environment in which the product will be used.

当你开始动手制作时，需要考虑重量、成本和可加工性等因素。例如，铝重量轻且耐腐蚀，非常适用于飞机零件；而钢强度更高但更重，适合建造桥梁。始终要考虑产品将被使用的环境。

5. Exploring Forces and Structures | 探索力与结构

Forces are pushes or pulls that can make objects move, stop, or change shape. In Year 7 engineering, you will learn about tension (pulling force), compression (pushing force), bending, and torsion (twisting). Structures like bridges and towers must withstand these forces without collapsing.

力是能够使物体移动、停止或改变形状的推或拉。在七年级工程学中，你将学习拉力（拉伸力）、压力（压缩力）、弯曲和扭转（扭曲力）。桥梁和塔架等结构必须能够承受这些力而不坍塌。

Try a simple experiment at home: roll a sheet of paper into a tube and stand it upright. Place a book on top—notice how the tube supports the weight in compression. Now bend the tube; it collapses easily because paper is weak in bending. This shows why engineers often use triangular shapes in trusses to distribute forces efficiently.

在家试试这个简单的实验：把一张纸卷成圆筒并直立，上面放一本书——注意圆筒如何以受压的方式支撑重量。现在弯曲圆筒，它很容易就塌了，因为纸在弯曲时强度很弱。这说明了工程师为什么常在桁架中使用三角形结构来高效地分布力。

Understanding equilibrium is also key. If the forces acting on a structure are balanced, it remains stable. You will later use free-body diagrams to show these forces, but for now, start noticing how everyday objects like a chair or a shelf manage to stay still under load.

理解平衡也很关键。如果作用在结构上的力相互平衡，结构就保持稳定。今后你会用到受力图来表示这些力，但现在，先开始观察日常物体如椅子或架子如何在负载下保持静止。

6. Simple Machines: Making Work Easier | 简单机械：让工作更轻松

Simple machines reduce the effort needed to perform a task. The six classical simple machines are the lever, wheel and axle, pulley, inclined plane, wedge, and screw. You will explore how they give a mechanical advantage, often by changing the direction or magnitude of a force.

简单机械减少了完成任务所需的力。六种经典简单机械是：杠杆、轮轴、滑轮、斜面、楔子和螺旋。你将探索它们如何通过改变力的方向或大小来提供机械效益。

For example, using a crowbar to lift a heavy rock is a lever: the effort applied over a longer distance allows you to overcome a larger load. A ramp is an inclined plane that makes it easier to push a trolley up a height, reducing the force needed at the cost of a longer distance. As engineers say, ‘you don’t get something for nothing’—the work done (force × distance) stays the same, but simple machines trade distance for force.

例如，用撬棍抬起重石就是一个杠杆：在较长距离上施加作用力，就能克服更大的负载。坡道是一个斜面，可以更省力地将手推车推上高处，但需要移动更长的距离。正如工程师所言：”天下没有免费的午餐”——所做的功（力 × 距离）保持不变，但简单机械用距离交换了力。

During summer, build a simple catapult from lolly sticks and rubber bands to see levers and energy storage in action. Record how changing the pivot point affects how far a small object flies. This hands-on activity introduces the design cycle and measurement, both core to your Year 7 course.

暑假期间，可以用冰棍棒和橡皮筋制作一个简单的弹射器，观察杠杆和能量储存的实际效果。记录改变支点如何影响小物体的飞行距离。这种动手活动能引入设计循环和测量，这两者都是七年级课程的核心。

7. Precision in Measurement | 精密测量

Engineering relies on accurate measurement. You will use instruments such as rulers, callipers, protractors, and scales. The SI (metric) system is standard: length in metres (m), mass in kilograms (kg), and time in seconds (s). Familiarise yourself with common unit conversions, for example:

工程学离不开精确测量。你将使用尺子、卡尺、量角器和天平等工具。国际单位制（公制）是标准：长度用米 (m)，质量用千克 (kg)，时间用秒 (s)。要熟悉常见的单位换算，例如：

1 cm = 10 mm 1 m = 100 cm 1 kg = 1000 g

When you measure the dimensions of a component, always estimate one extra digit beyond the smallest scale division. This is called the uncertainty or least count. For a ruler marked in millimetres, your measurement might be 5.45 cm ± 0.05 cm. Cultivating this habit early will make your practical work much more reliable.

测量零件尺寸时，应在最小刻度基础上多估读一位数字，这称为不确定度或分度值。对于以毫米为刻度的直尺，测量结果可能是 5.45 cm ± 0.05 cm。尽早培养这个习惯将使你的实践工作更加可靠。

Practise at home by measuring the length of a table, the mass of a bag of flour, or the volume of water using a measuring jug. Record your readings in a table with the correct units. Mistakes in units are a common cause of engineering failures, so double-check your conversions.

在家练习测量桌子的长度、一袋面粉的质量或用大量杯测量水的体积，并将读数连同单位正确记录在表格中。单位错误是工程失败的常见原因，因此务必仔细核对换算。

8. Introduction to Technical Drawing | 技术制图入门

Technical drawings are the universal language of engineers. In Year 7, you will learn to create simple orthographic projections (front, top, and side views) and isometric sketches. These drawings accurately communicate the shape and size of an object so that anyone in the world can understand your design.

技术图纸是工程师的通用语言。在七年级，你要学习绘制简单的正投影图（主视图、俯视图和侧视图）和等轴测草图。这些图纸能够准确地传达物体的形状和尺寸，让世界任何地方的人都能理解你的设计。

Start by drawing a small box or toy block. For orthographic projection, imagine ‘unfolding’ the object onto a flat sheet, showing each side exactly as it appears without perspective. In an isometric view, you draw the object at a 30° angle to show three faces at once, using lines parallel to isometric axes. Keep your pencil sharp and use light construction lines first.

从画一个小盒子或积木开始。对于正投影，想象把物体”展开”到平坦的纸上，不带透视地展示每个面。在等轴测视图中，以30°角绘制物体，同时展示三个面，线条平行于等轴测轴。用削好的铅笔，先画轻细的辅助线。

Labelling and dimensioning are equally important. Always include clear dimensions with leader lines and arrowheads. Practise by sketching a simple wooden block and adding its length, width, and height. Over summer, try drawing a familiar object like a pencil sharpener from three different directions.

标注和尺寸同样重要。务必用引线和箭头清晰地标出尺寸。练习画一个简单的木块，并标上长、宽、高。暑假里，可以尝试从三个不同方向画出熟悉物体，比如卷笔刀。

9. Computer-Aided Design (CAD) | 计算机辅助设计

Modern engineering relies heavily on CAD software to create 2D and 3D models. In Year 7, you may be introduced to user-friendly platforms such as Tinkercad, SketchUp, or Fusion 360 for beginners. These tools allow you to visualise your design before building it, test fits, and even simulate forces.

现代工程高度依赖 CAD 软件来创建二维和三维模型。在七年级，你可能会接触到 Tinkercad、SketchUp 或 Fusion 360 等适合初学者的软件。这些工具可以让你在制作前将设计可视化、测试适配性，甚至模拟受力。

If you have access to a computer, create a free account on Tinkercad and try the tutorials. Start with simple shapes: a cube, cylinder, and sphere. Learn to use the align, group, and hole tools. Even building a basic keyring name tag will teach you about dimensions and patience. Export your file and, if possible, 3D-print it to see your digital creation become physical—the ultimate engineering thrill!

如果你有电脑，可以在 Tinkercad 上注册免费账户并尝试教程。从简单的形状开始：立方体、圆柱体和球体。学习使用对齐、组合和挖空工具。哪怕只是设计一个简单的钥匙扣名牌，也能教会你尺寸和耐心。导出文件，如果有条件，进行 3D 打印，看着数字作品变成实物——这就是工程学最大的乐趣！

Remember that CAD is not a replacement for hand sketching; it is a complement. Many engineers still begin with rough paper sketches before moving to the computer. Develop both skills over the summer for a well-rounded start.

记住，CAD 不能替代手绘草图，它是补充。许多工程师在转向电脑前仍然先从纸上的粗略草图开始。暑假期间同时发展这两项技能，为全面起步做好准备。

10. Electronics and Circuits | 电子学与电路

Electronics is a fascinating branch of engineering that deals with controlling electric current. Your Year 7 course will cover basic circuits using batteries, bulbs, buzzers, switches, and resistors. You will learn that current (I) flows in a loop and that voltage (V) drives it, while resistance (R) opposes it. This relationship is described by Ohm’s Law:

电子学是工程学中一个迷人的分支，涉及对电流的控制。你的七年级课程将涵盖使用电池、灯泡、蜂鸣器、开关和电阻等构建的基本电路。你将学习电流 (I) 在回路中流动，电压 (V) 推动它，而电阻 (R) 阻碍它。这种关系可以用欧姆定律描述：

V = I × R

Where V is measured in volts (V), I in amperes (A), and R in ohms (Ω). Don’t worry if this seems abstract now; you will build plenty of circuits to see it in action. Series circuits share the current along one path, while parallel circuits divide the current across branches.

其中 V 的单位是伏特 (V)，I 的单位是安培 (A)，R 的单位是欧姆 (Ω)。如果你觉得现在还比较抽象，不用担心；你将通过搭建大量电路来亲眼观察这一规律。串联电路中电流只有一条路径，而并联电路中电流会分流到各个支路。

At home, if you have a simple electronics kit or even a breadboard and a few components, try lighting an LED with a current-limiting resistor. Observe how the brightness changes when you alter the resistance. Always work under adult supervision and disconnect the battery when not in use.

在家里，如果你有简易电子套件或面包板和几个元件，可以试着用一个限流电阻点亮一个 LED。观察改变电阻时亮度的变化。务必在成人监护下操作，不使用时断开电池。

11. Workshop Safety First | 车间安全第一

Safety is non-negotiable in any engineering environment. Before you touch a tool, you must understand the rules. In Year 7, you will work with hand tools like saws, files, screwdrivers, and hot glue guns. Key safety habits include wearing safety goggles, tying back long hair, rolling up sleeves, and wearing closed-toe shoes.

在任何工程环境中，安全都不容商量。在接触工具之前，你必须了解安全规则。在七年级，你将使用手锯、锉刀、螺丝刀和热熔胶枪等手动工具。关键的安全习惯包括：佩戴护目镜、扎起长发、卷起袖子和穿不露脚趾的鞋。

Always listen to your teacher’s instructions carefully. | 始终认真听老师的指令。
Keep your workspace clean and free of clutter. | 保持工作区域整洁，无杂物。
Use the right tool for the job and inspect it before use. | 使用合适的工具，并在使用前检查。
Never rush; move deliberately when cutting or drilling. | 切勿着急；切割或钻孔时动作要沉稳。
Know the location of the first aid kit and fire extinguisher. | 知道急救箱和灭火器的位置。

Over the summer, if you do any craft or DIY project, practise these habits. For instance, wear gloves when handling rough materials and clear your table before starting. Safety is not just a list of rules—it is an attitude. Developing a safety-first mindset now will protect you and your classmates throughout your engineering journey.

暑假里，如果你做任何手工或 DIY 项目，请练习这些习惯。例如，处理粗糙材料时戴手套，开始前清理桌面。安全不仅仅是一张规则清单——它是一种态度。现在培养安全第一的心态，将在整个工程学习过程中保护你和你的同学。

12. Planning Your First Project | 规划你的第一个项目

To truly bridge into Year 7 engineering, try a small summer project that follows the design cycle. It could be a marble run made from cardboard tubes, a rubber-band powered boat, or a simple lamp circuit. The goal is not perfection, but to experience planning, prototyping, and reflection.

为了真正衔接七年级工程课，尝试一个遵循设计循环的小型暑期项目。它可以是用纸筒做的弹珠滑道、橡皮筋动力小船或一个简单的台灯电路。目标不是完美，而是体验规划、制作原型和反思的过程。

Start by defining your problem: ‘I want to move a marble from point A to point B in the slowest time possible.’ Then brainstorm, sketch ideas, gather materials, and build. Test your creation and time how long the marble takes. Can you improve it by adding twists or gentle slopes? Record everything in your notebook, including what worked and what didn’t.

从定义问题开始：”我想让弹珠从 A 点以尽可能慢的时间移动到 B 点。”然后头脑风暴、画草图、收集材料并搭建。测试你的作品并记录弹珠移动的时间。你能通过增加弯道或缓坡来改进吗？把一切记录在笔记本里，包括哪些有效、哪些没效。

Engineering is a team sport. If possible, work with a friend or family member and share ideas. Communicating your design and listening to feedback are just as important as technical skills. This summer project, no matter

Published by TutorHao | Year 7 工程 Revision Series | aleveler.com

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Summer Preparation and Bridging Course for Year 7 CIE Engineering | CIE 工程七年级暑期预习衔接课程