📚 Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Guide for Year 7 OCR Drama | Year 7 OCR 戏剧：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to your Year 7 Drama journey! This guide is designed to help you learn and remember the essential words and phrases used in OCR Drama lessons. Knowing these terms will give you the confidence to describe your own work, understand your teacher’s feedback, and talk like a true theatre maker. Each term is explained clearly with examples, making revision quick and easy.
欢迎开启 Year 7 戏剧之旅！本指南旨在帮助你学习和记忆 OCR 戏剧课程中使用的基本词汇和短语。掌握这些术语将让你有信心描述自己的作品、理解老师的反馈，并像真正的戏剧创作者一样交流。每个术语都配有清晰的解释和例子，让复习变得快速又轻松。
1. Drama, Theatre and Performance | 戏剧、剧场与表演
Drama is the art of telling stories through action, dialogue and expression. It can take place anywhere, not just on a stage. In Year 7, you will explore how to create, perform and respond to drama.
戏剧是通过动作、对话和表达来讲述故事的艺术。它可以在任何地方发生，而不仅仅是在舞台上。在七年级，你将探索如何创作、表演和回应戏剧。
Theatre refers specifically to a performance in front of an audience, usually in a designated space like a theatre building. When we talk about ‘theatre’, we think about the building, the audience and the whole experience of watching a play.
剧场特指在观众面前进行的表演，通常在一个专门的空间里，比如一栋剧院建筑。当我们谈论”剧场”时，我们会想到建筑、观众以及观看一出戏的整体体验。
Performance is the act of presenting a drama to an audience. It includes everything an actor does on stage — from speaking lines to using facial expressions and gestures. A strong performance communicates the character’s thoughts and feelings clearly.
表演是向观众呈现戏剧的行为。它包括演员在舞台上所做的一切——从说台词到运用面部表情和手势。出色的表演能够清晰地传达角色的思想和情感。
2. The Stage and Its Spaces | 舞台与空间
Every performer needs to understand the stage. We use special words to describe different areas so that actors and directors know exactly where to go. Imagine you are standing in the centre of the stage, facing the audience.
每一位表演者都需要了解舞台。我们使用特定的词语来描述不同的区域，以便演员和导演能够确切地知道该去何处。想象你正站在舞台中央，面朝观众。
Downstage is the area closest to the audience. If you move ‘downstage’, you step towards the front of the stage. Upstage is the area furthest from the audience. Moving ‘upstage’ means stepping away from the audience, towards the back wall.
台口（Downstage）是离观众最近的区域。如果你往”台口”移动，就是迈向舞台前方。台上（Upstage）是离观众最远的区域。往”台上”移动意味着远离观众，走向后墙。
Stage left and stage right are from the actor’s point of view when facing the audience. So stage left is the actor’s left-hand side, and stage right is the actor’s right-hand side. Remember: it is the opposite of what the audience sees!
舞台左侧和舞台右侧是从演员面向观众时的视角来说的。因此，舞台左侧是演员的左手边，舞台右侧是演员的右手边。记住：这和观众看到的正好相反！
Centre stage is the middle of the playing space. It is often the most powerful position because it draws the audience’s focus. Wings are the areas to the sides of the stage, hidden from the audience, where actors wait before entering.
舞台中央是表演空间的中心。它通常是最有力量的位置，因为它能吸引观众的注意力。侧翼（Wings）是舞台两侧、观众看不到的区域，演员在入场前在此等候。
3. Body and Movement Skills | 身体与动作技巧
Your body is your most important instrument in drama. How you move, stand and use space tells the audience a great deal about your character before you even speak. These are the key movement terms to master.
在戏剧中，你的身体是最重要的工具。你如何移动、站立以及运用空间，在你开口之前就已经向观众传达了大量关于角色的信息。以下是你需要掌握的关键动作术语。
Posture means the way you hold your body when standing or sitting. A confident character may have a straight back and lifted chin, while a nervous character might hunch their shoulders and look down. Experimenting with posture helps you build believable characters.
体态是指你站立或坐着时身体的姿态。一个自信的角色可能会挺直背部、扬起下巴，而一个紧张的角色可能会耸起肩膀、低头看地。尝试不同的体态有助于你塑造令人信服的角色。
Gesture is a movement of the hand, arm or head to express an idea or emotion. Pointing a finger can show anger, while open palms can suggest honesty. Small, deliberate gestures can be very powerful on stage.
手势是用手、手臂或头部的动作来表达想法或情感。伸出指头可以表示愤怒，摊开手掌则可以暗示诚实。舞台上，微小而有意识的手势可以非常有力。
Gait describes the way a character walks. Think about speed, stride length and rhythm. Does your character scurry with short, quick steps, or do they stride slowly and heavily? Changing your gait instantly transforms your physicality.
步态描述的是角色走路的方式。思考速度、步幅和节奏。你的角色是否迈着又短又快的步子急走，还是缓慢而沉重地大步走？改变步态会立刻转变你的形体表现。
Facial expression is the use of the face to show emotion. A raised eyebrow, a tight mouth or wide eyes can communicate surprise, anger or fear without a single word. In drama, your expressions need to be clear and exaggerated enough for the whole audience to see.
面部表情是利用面部来展现情感。扬起的眉毛、紧闭的嘴唇或瞪大的眼睛可以不用任何语言就传达出惊讶、愤怒或恐惧。在戏剧中，你的表情需要足够清晰和夸张，以便所有观众都能看到。
4. Voice as a Tool | 声音作为工具
Just as important as your body is your voice. In drama, you learn to control how you speak to bring a character to life. The way you say a line can completely change its meaning.
与身体同等重要的是你的声音。在戏剧中，你要学会控制说话的方式，使角色栩栩如生。你说一句台词的方式可以完全改变它的含义。
Projection means using your breath and diaphragm to send your voice loudly and clearly to the back of the audience space, without shouting. It is not about yelling; it is about supporting your sound so everyone can hear you comfortably.
投射（Projection）是指运用气息和横膈膜，让声音响亮而清晰地传达到观众区的最后方，而不用喊叫。这与大吼大叫无关；它关乎于支撑你的声音，让每个人都能舒服地听到。
Pitch refers to how high or low your voice sounds. A high pitch can suggest excitement or fear; a low pitch might suggest authority or sadness. Varying your pitch stops your performance from becoming monotonous.
音高（Pitch）指你声音听起来的高低。高音可以表示激动或害怕；低音可以表示威严或悲伤。变化音高可以防止你的表演变得单调。
Pace is the speed at which you speak. Fast pace can show nervousness or urgency; slow pace can create tension or show thoughtfulness. Pausing, or using silence, is also a powerful vocal tool — it can build suspense and give the audience time to react.
语速是你说话的速度。快速可以表现紧张或急切；慢速可以营造紧张感或表现深思熟虑。停顿，或者使用静默，也是一种强大的声音工具——它可以制造悬念，给观众时间作出反应。
Tone describes the emotional quality of your voice. The same words can sound sarcastic, warm, cold or frightened depending on your tone. Always ask yourself: what is my character feeling, and how does that affect the way they speak?
语气描述你声音中的情感特质。同样的话语，根据你的语气，听起来可以是讽刺的、温暖的、冷漠的或惊恐的。永远问自己：我的角色现在感觉如何，这又如何影响他们说话的方式？
5. Improvisation and Spontaneous Work | 即兴表演与自发创作
Improvisation (often shortened to ‘improv’) is creating drama without a script. You make up the action and dialogue as you go along. It is one of the most exciting and creative parts of drama because anything can happen!
即兴表演（通常简称 improv）是在没有剧本的情况下创作戏剧。你一边进行一边编造动作和对话。这是戏剧中最令人兴奋和最具创造性的部分之一，因为任何事情都可能发生！
In Year 7, you will often begin with spontaneous improvisation, where you are given a scenario and must start performing immediately, without planning. This teaches you to think on your feet and listen carefully to your partners.
在七年级，你通常会从自发即兴表演开始，给你一个情景，你必须立即开始表演，没有时间计划。这教会你快速思考，并仔细倾听你的搭档。
The golden rule of improvisation is ‘Yes, and…’. This means you should always accept the idea your partner has offered (accepting an offer) and then add something new to build the scene. Blocking, or refusing an idea, will stop the scene’s flow and make the performance grind to a halt.
即兴表演的黄金法则是”是的，而且……”（Yes, and…）。这意味着你要始终接受搭档提出的想法（接受提议），然后添加新内容来构建场景。阻塞（Blocking），即拒绝一个想法，会打断场景的流畅性，使表演戛然而止。
6. Tableau and Freeze Frame | 静态画面与定格
Tableau (plural: tableaux) is a frozen picture created by a group of performers using their bodies. A tableau tells a story or shows a moment in time without any movement or speech. Think of it like a living photograph or a painting.
静态画面（Tableau，复数为 tableaux）是由一组表演者使用他们的身体创作的凝固画面。静态画面无需任何动作或语言就能讲述故事或展示一个时刻。把它想象成一幅活的照片或画作。
Freeze frame is very similar but is often used to stop the action at a particularly dramatic moment. The director calls ‘Freeze!’ and all performers immediately hold their positions. This allows the audience to see the exact relationships and emotions captured in that split second.
定格（Freeze frame）与之非常相似，但常用于在一个特别具有戏剧性的时刻暂停动作。导演喊一声”定格！”，所有表演者立刻保持位置不动。这让观众能够看到捕获在那瞬间的确切关系和情感。
When creating a tableau or freeze frame, think about levels (some performers high, some medium, some low), facial expressions directed towards the audience, and the use of space to show status or relationships. Every detail counts because the image is still.
在创建静态画面或定格时，要考虑层次（有些表演者在高处，有些在中间，有些在低处）、面朝观众的表情，以及利用空间来显示地位或关系。每一个细节都很重要，因为图像是静止的。
7. Thought Tracking and Hot Seating | 思维追踪与坐针毡
To understand a character more deeply, drama students use special techniques that let us hear a character’s inner thoughts. These are not seen in the final performance but are fantastic rehearsal tools.
为了更深入地理解一个角色，戏剧学生使用特殊技巧让我们听到角色的内心想法。这些在最终演出中不会出现，但却是绝佳的排练工具。
Thought tracking is when the action freezes, and one or more characters speak their hidden thoughts aloud. For example, during a freeze frame of a family argument, a character might say, ‘I want to shout, but I’m too scared of what will happen next.’ This reveals what lies beneath the surface.
思维追踪（Thought tracking）是指动作定格，一个或多个角色大声说出他们隐藏的想法。例如，在家庭争吵的定格中，一个角色可能会说：”我想大喊，但我太害怕接下来会发生的事了。”这揭示了表面之下的真实想法。
Hot seating is when a performer sits in a chair ‘in character’ and answers questions from the rest of the class. The questions can be about the character’s past, feelings, secrets or opinions. The performer must stay in role and answer as truthfully as they can, inventing details that make the character deeper.
坐针毡（Hot seating）是指一位表演者坐在椅子上”进入角色”，回答班上其他同学提出的问题。问题可以关于角色的过去、感受、秘密或观点。表演者必须保持在角色中，并尽可能诚实地回答，编造出使角色更深层次展现的细节。
8. Mime and Physical Theatre | 哑剧与肢体剧
Mime is acting without words. You use only your body, gestures and facial expressions to communicate objects, environments and stories. There is no speech and usually no props — you create everything through physical skill.
哑剧是不用语言进行表演。你只使用身体、手势和面部表情来传达物体、环境和故事。没有台词，通常也没有道具——你通过身体技巧来创造一切。
Good mime relies on accurate weight, size and resistance. If you mime lifting a heavy box, your muscles must look strained and your movements slow. If you mime carrying a light feather, your fingers should be delicate. The audience must believe the invisible object is really there.
好的哑剧依赖于准确的重量、大小和阻力。如果你哑剧搬起一个重箱子，你的肌肉必须显得紧张，动作要缓慢。如果你哑剧捧着一根轻羽毛，你的手指应该很轻柔。观众必须相信那个看不见的物件确实存在。
Physical theatre is a broader style where movement and physicality are central to the storytelling. It might combine mime, dance, acrobatics and gesture. The body becomes the primary tool for creating mood, character and even set pieces.
肢体剧是一种更广泛的风格，其中动作和形体是讲述故事的核心。它可能结合了哑剧、舞蹈、杂技和手势。身体成为创造情绪、角色甚至布景的主要工具。
9. Script Work: Dialogue, Monologue and Soliloquy | 剧本工作：对话、独白与自言自语
When you work with a script, you will meet different kinds of speech. Understanding these will help you interpret the playwright’s intentions and perform with confidence.
当你处理剧本时，你会遇到不同类型的言语。理解这些将有助于你解读剧作家的意图并自信地表演。
Dialogue is a conversation between two or more characters. Most plays are built from dialogue. When performing dialogue, you must listen and react to your scene partner, not just wait for your turn to speak.
对话是两个或更多角色之间的交谈。大多数戏剧都是由对话构成的。在表演对话时，你必须倾听并对你的对手演员做出反应，而不只是等待轮到你说话。
Monologue is a long speech delivered by one character, usually while other characters are on stage. The character is speaking directly to other characters. For example, a detective might explain how they solved the crime to a room full of suspects.
独白（Monologue）是由一个角色发表的长篇讲话，通常有其他角色在舞台上。该角色是直接对其他角色说话。例如，一名侦探可能向一屋子的嫌疑人解释他们是如何破案的。
Soliloquy is a speech delivered by a character alone on stage, revealing their innermost thoughts and feelings directly to the audience. Shakespeare’s plays are famous for soliloquies, like Hamlet’s ‘To be, or not to be…’ The audience is given a window into the character’s private mind.
自言自语（Soliloquy）是角色一个人在舞台上发表的讲话，直接向观众透露他们内心最深处的思想和情感。莎士比亚的戏剧以自言自语著称，比如哈姆雷特的”生存还是毁灭……”观众得以一窥角色的私密内心。
10. Blocking and Staging Choices | 走位与舞台调度选择
Blocking is the planned movement and positioning of actors on stage. It is written into the script or decided during rehearsals by the director. Good blocking tells the story visually: who has power, who is isolated, where the focus should be.
走位（Blocking）是演员在舞台上经过计划的移动和定位。它被写进剧本或在排练期间由导演决定。好的走位能视觉化地讲述故事：谁拥有权力，谁被孤立，焦点应落在何处。
Focus refers to where the audience is looking at any moment. An actor can gain focus by moving, speaking, being at a higher level, or even remaining completely still while others move. Directors use blocking to control the audience’s focus seamlessly.
焦点（Focus）指的是观众在任何时刻看向何处。演员可以通过移动、说话、处于更高层次，甚至在别人移动时保持完全静止来获得焦点。导演利用走位来无缝地控制观众的焦点。
Proxemics is the study of how space between characters communicates meaning. Standing very close to someone can show intimacy or threat. Keeping a large distance may suggest coldness, fear or high status. Blocking always involves deliberate choices about space.
空间关系学（Proxemics）是研究角色之间的距离如何传达含义的学问。与某人站得非常近可以表现出亲密或威胁。保持很远的距离可能暗示冷漠、恐惧或高地位。走位总是包含对空间的有意选择。
11. Technical Theatre Vocabulary | 剧场技术词汇
Behind every great performance is a team of technicians. In Year 7, you begin to learn how lighting, sound, set, costume and props work together to create the world of the play.
每一场出色演出的背后都有一个技术团队。在七年级，你开始学习灯光、音效、布景、服装和道具如何协同合作来创造戏剧世界。
| Term (英文术语) | Definition (定义) | 中文解释 |
|---|---|---|
| Set | The physical environment on stage, including flats, furniture and backdrops. | 舞台上的实体环境，包括景片、家具和背景幕。 |
| Props | Short for ‘properties’, any objects an actor handles, like a book, sword or cup. | “道具”的简称，演员处理使用的任何物件，如书、剑或杯子。 |
| Costume | The clothes a character wears, which tell us about their personality, time period and status. | 角色穿着的服装，告诉我们关于其个性、时代和地位的信息。 |
| Lighting | Used to create mood, indicate time of day and direct focus. Terms include blackout, spot, wash. | 用来创造气氛、显示时间并指引焦点。术语包括黑场、追光、平铺光。 |
| Sound | Any noise heard, including music, sound effects (SFX) and amplified voice. Can be diegetic (heard by characters) or non-diegetic (for audience only). | 任何听到的声音，包括音乐、音效和扩音。可为剧情内（角色可听到）或剧情外（仅为观众播放）。 |
12. Audience and Conventions | 观众与惯例
Drama is a shared experience between performers and an audience. Some terms help us describe this special relationship and the unwritten rules that govern it.
戏剧是表演者与观众之间的共享体验。一些术语有助于我们描述这种特殊的关系以及支配它的不成文规则。
The fourth wall is an imaginary wall between the actors and the audience. Most plays keep this wall intact, with characters behaving as if the audience is not there. Breaking the fourth wall happens when an actor directly addresses the audience, acknowledging their presence.
第四面墙是演员和观众之间一堵假想的墙。大多数戏剧都保持这堵墙完好，角色表现得仿佛观众并不存在。打破第四面墙发生在演员直接向观众说话，承认他们存在的时候。
Convention is a shared agreement or rule that the audience accepts. For example, when an actor mimes drinking from an empty cup, the audience agrees to believe there is liquid. When the lights go down and back up, the audience accepts that time has passed.
惯例（Convention）是观众接受的共同约定或规则。例如，当演员哑剧用空杯子喝水，观众同意相信里面有液体。当灯光暗下再亮起，观众接受时间已经过去。
Genre is the category or style of the drama, such as comedy, tragedy, farce or melodrama. Recognising genre helps the audience know what to expect and guides the performers’ choices in voice, movement and atmosphere.
戏剧类型（Genre）是戏剧的类别或风格，比如喜剧、悲剧、闹剧或情节剧。识别戏剧类型有助于观众知道该期待什么，并引导表演者在声音、动作和气氛上的选择。
By learning this vocabulary, you are building a foundation for all your future drama work. Use these terms when you talk about your performances, and you will quickly find your practical skills growing alongside your knowledge.
通过学习这些词汇，你在为未来所有的戏剧工作打下基础。当你谈论自己的表演时使用这些术语，你会很快发现自己的实践技能随着知识的增长而提升。
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