📚 Year 7 AQA English: Vocabulary Terminology Memory Guide | AQA七年级英语：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering key vocabulary terminology is essential for success in Year 7 AQA English. This guide provides clear definitions, memorable examples, and quick memory aids for all the core terms you will encounter in reading, writing, and speaking. Whether you are analysing a poem, crafting a story, or preparing for an assessment, a strong command of terminology will boost your confidence and marks.
掌握关键词汇术语对于七年级AQA英语的成功至关重要。本指南提供了清晰的定义、易记的例句和速记技巧，涵盖你在阅读、写作和口语中会遇到的所有核心术语。无论是分析诗歌、创作故事还是备考评估，扎实的术语掌控力都会增强你的信心并提高得分。
1. Parts of Speech: The Building Blocks | 词类：语言的基本构件
Every word in English belongs to a category called a part of speech. There are eight main parts of speech: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. Understanding these helps you analyse and construct sentences correctly.
英语中每个单词都属于一个称为词类的范畴。主要有八种词类：名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词和感叹词。理解这些词类有助于你正确分析和构建句子。
A noun names a person, place, thing, or idea (e.g., ‘teacher’, ‘park’, ‘freedom’). A pronoun replaces a noun (e.g., ‘he’, ‘it’). Verbs express actions or states (e.g., ‘run’, ‘is’). Adjectives describe nouns (e.g., ‘tall’, ‘happy’). Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs (e.g., ‘quickly’, ‘very’). Prepositions show relationships (e.g., ‘in’, ‘on’, ‘under’). Conjunctions link words or clauses (e.g., ‘and’, ‘but’). Interjections express emotion (e.g., ‘Wow!’, ‘Oh!’).
名词表示人、地点、事物或概念（例如 ‘teacher’、’park’、’freedom’）。代词替代名词（例如 ‘he’、’it’）。动词表达动作或状态（例如 ‘run’、’is’）。形容词修饰名词（例如 ‘tall’、’happy’）。副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词（例如 ‘quickly’、’very’）。介词表示关系（例如 ‘in’、’on’、’under’）。连词连接单词或从句（例如 ‘and’、’but’）。感叹词表达情感（例如 ‘Wow!’、’Oh!’）。
To remember the order, use the mnemonic IVAN CAPP: Interjection, Verb, Adjective, Noun, Conjunction, Adverb, Pronoun, Preposition. Try creating a silly sentence: ‘Ivan capp thrilled everyone yesterday!’
为了记住顺序，可使用记忆口诀 IVAN CAPP：感叹词、动词、形容词、名词、连词、副词、代词、介词。试着编一个滑稽句子：’Ivan capp thrilled everyone yesterday!’
2. Nouns and Pronouns: Naming and Replacing | 名词与代词：命名与替代
Nouns can be divided into four main types: common nouns name general items (‘city’, ‘dog’), proper nouns name specific people or places and always start with a capital letter (‘Alice’, ‘London’), abstract nouns name ideas or feelings (‘love’, ‘bravery’), and collective nouns name groups (‘team’, ‘flock’). Recognising these helps you add variety and precision to your writing.
名词可以分为四种主要类型：普通名词指代一般事物（’city’、’dog’），专有名词指代特定的人或地点，首字母始终大写（’Alice’、’London’），抽象名词指代观念或情感（’love’、’bravery’），集合名词指代群体（’team’、’flock’）。识别这些类型有助于你在写作中增添变化和准确性。
Pronouns take the place of nouns to avoid repetition. Personal pronouns change form: subject pronouns (‘I, you, he, she, it, we, they’) perform the action, while object pronouns (‘me, you, him, her, it, us, them’) receive the action. Possessive pronouns (‘mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs’) show ownership without needing a following noun. Use the pronoun case correctly to avoid errors like ‘Me and my friend went’ (should be ‘My friend and I went’).
代词代替名词以避免重复。人称代词有形态变化：主格代词（’I, you, he, she, it, we, they’）执行动作，宾格代词（’me, you, him, her, it, us, them’）承受动作。物主代词（’mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs’）表示所有关系，且后面无需跟名词。正确使用代词格可以避免像 ‘Me and my friend went’（应为 ‘My friend and I went’）这样的错误。
3. Verbs and Tenses: Action and Time | 动词与时态：动作与时间
A verb is the engine of a sentence. Action verbs show what someone or something does (‘jump’, ‘think’, ‘create’). Linking verbs connect the subject to a description, most commonly ‘am, is, are, was, were’ (e.g., ‘She is kind’). Auxiliary (helping) verbs such as ‘have’, ‘do’, and ‘will’ work with main verbs to form questions, negatives, and different tenses.
动词是句子的引擎。行为动词表示某人或某物做什么（’jump’、’think’、’create’）。连系动词将主语与描述连接起来，最常见的是 ‘am, is, are, was, were’（例如 ‘She is kind’）。助动词如 ‘have’、’do’ 和 ‘will’ 与主动词搭配构成疑问句、否定句和不同时态。
Tense tells us when an action happens. The present tense describes habits or facts (‘She walks to school’). The past tense describes completed actions (‘She walked to school’). The future tense describes what will happen (‘She will walk to school’). Many regular verbs simply add ‘-ed’ for the past, but watch out for irregular verbs like ‘go → went, see → saw, write → wrote’. A quick tip: learn the most common irregular verbs by putting them on flashcards.
时态告诉我们动作发生的时间。现在时描述习惯或事实（’She walks to school’）。过去时描述已完成的动作（’She walked to school’）。将来时描述将要发生的事情（’She will walk to school’）。许多规则动词只需在词尾加 ‘-ed’ 构成过去式，但要警惕不规则动词，如 ‘go → went, see → saw, write → wrote’。速记小贴士：用闪卡学习最常见的不规则动词。
4. Adjectives and Adverbs: Describing Words | 形容词与副词：修饰词
Adjectives give details about nouns or pronouns. They can describe colour, size, shape, emotion, or quality (e.g., ‘a blue sky’, ‘an enormous elephant’, ‘a delighted child’). Adjectives usually come before the noun, but they can also follow a linking verb (e.g., ‘The sky looks blue‘).
形容词提供关于名词或代词的细节。它们可以描述颜色、大小、形状、情感或品质（例如 ‘a blue sky’、’an enormous elephant’、’a delighted child’）。形容词通常位于名词之前，但也可跟在连系动词之后（例如 ‘The sky looks blue’）。
Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They often answer the questions ‘how?’, ‘when?’, ‘where?’, or ‘to what extent?’. Many adverbs end in ‘-ly’ (e.g., ‘quickly’, ‘gently’, ‘happily’), but some do not (e.g., ‘fast’, ‘well’, ‘often’). Compare: ‘She is a careful driver’ (adjective) vs ‘She drives carefully’ (adverb).
副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。它们通常回答 ‘如何？’、’何时？’、’何地？’ 或 ‘到什么程度？’ 等问题。许多副词以 ‘-ly’ 结尾（例如 ‘quickly’、’gently’、’happily’），但有些不是（例如 ‘fast’、’well’、’often’）。比较：’She is a careful driver’（形容词）与 ‘She drives carefully’（副词）。
Comparative and superlative forms help you compare. For short adjectives and adverbs, add ‘-er’ and ‘-est’ (e.g., ‘small, smaller, smallest’). For longer ones, use ‘more’ and ‘most’ (e.g., ‘beautiful, more beautiful, most beautiful’). A common mistake is using both forms together, like ‘more faster’ — just use ‘faster’.
比较级和最高级形式用于比较。对于较短的形容词和副词，添加 ‘-er’ 和 ‘-est’（例如 ‘small, smaller, smallest’）。对于较长的词，则使用 ‘more’ 和 ‘most’（例如 ‘beautiful, more beautiful, most beautiful’）。常见错误是两种形式同时使用，如 ‘more faster’——只用 ‘faster’ 即可。
5. Sentence Types and Punctuation | 句子类型与标点
There are four sentence types you need to know. A declarative sentence makes a statement and ends with a full stop (e.g., ‘The sun is shining.’). An interrogative sentence asks a question and ends with a question mark (e.g., ‘Is it raining?’). An imperative sentence gives a command or request and often ends with a full stop or exclamation mark (e.g., ‘Close the door.’ / ‘Stop!’). An exclamatory sentence expresses strong feeling and ends with an exclamation mark (e.g., ‘What a beautiful view!’).
你需要了解四种句子类型。陈述句陈诉事实，以句号结尾（例如 ‘The sun is shining.’）。疑问句提出问题，以问号结尾（例如 ‘Is it raining?’）。祈使句发出命令或请求，通常以句号或感叹号结尾（例如 ‘Close the door.’ / ‘Stop!’）。感叹句表达强烈感情，以感叹号结尾（例如 ‘What a beautiful view!’）。
Punctuation marks are the traffic signals of writing. The comma separates items in a list, sets off clauses, and indicates a pause. Remember the ‘comma before the and’ rule in lists is optional, but be consistent. Always check that you haven’t used a comma where a full stop is needed — that creates a run-on sentence.
标点符号是写作中的交通信号。逗号分隔列表中的项目，分隔从句，并表示停顿。记住列表中 ‘and’ 前是否加逗号是可选的，但要保持一致。务必检查是否在需要句号的地方误用了逗号，那会造成连写句。
6. Figurative Language: Similes, Metaphors and More | 修辞手法：明喻、暗喻及更多
Figurative language enriches writing by creating vivid images. A simile compares two unlike things using ‘like’ or ‘as’ (e.g., ‘Her smile was like the sun.’ ‘He is as brave as a lion.’). A metaphor directly states that one thing is another, without using ‘like’ or ‘as’ (e.g., ‘The classroom was a zoo.’ ‘Time is a thief.’). Similes are easier to spot because of the signal words; metaphors require deeper thinking.
修辞手法通过创造生动形象来丰富写作。明喻使用 ‘like’ 或 ‘as’ 将两个不同事物进行比较（例如 ‘Her smile was like the sun.’ ‘He is as brave as a lion.’）。暗喻则直接表述一事物是另一事物，而不使用 ‘like’ 或 ‘as’（例如 ‘The classroom was a zoo.’ ‘Time is a thief.’）。由于有信号词，明喻更容易识别；暗喻则需要更深入的思考。
Personification gives human qualities to non-human things or ideas (e.g., ‘The wind whispered through the trees.’ ‘The stars danced in the sky.’). Hyperbole is an extreme exaggeration used for effect (e.g., ‘I have told you a million times.’ ‘I am so hungry I could eat a horse.’). These devices make your creative writing more engaging and can often be identified in the exam by asking, ‘Could this literally happen?’
拟人赋予非人类事物或概念以人的特征（例如 ‘The wind whispered through the trees.’ ‘The stars danced in the sky.’）。夸张是一种用来产生效果的极端夸大（例如 ‘I have told you a million times.’ ‘I am so hungry I could eat a horse.’）。这些手法使你的创意写作更具吸引力，在考试中常可通过自问 ‘这字面上可能发生吗？’ 来识别它们。
7. Sound Devices: Alliteration, Onomatopoeia and Rhyme | 音韵手法：头韵、拟声和押韵
Sound devices add musicality and emphasis to poetry and prose. Alliteration is the repetition of initial consonant sounds in closely connected words (e.g., ‘Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.’ ‘The silky, sad, sudden sound.’). It creates rhythm and can draw the reader’s attention to a particular phrase.
音韵手法为诗歌和散文增添音乐性与强调感。头韵是紧邻单词中开头辅音的重复（例如 ‘Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.’ ‘The silky, sad, sudden sound.’）。它能营造节奏，并可将读者注意力吸引到特定短语上。
Onomatopoeia refers to words that imitate natural sounds (e.g., ‘buzz’, ‘hiss’, ‘bang’, ‘splash’, ‘whisper’). When you read ‘the bees buzzed‘, the word itself sounds like the noise it describes. This device helps the reader hear what is happening. Rhyme is the repetition of similar sounding endings, usually at the end of lines in poetry (e.g., ‘cat’ and ‘hat’, ‘light’ and ‘night’). Look for rhyme schemes like AABB or ABAB when analysing poems.
拟声指模仿自然声音的词语（例如 ‘buzz’、’hiss’、’bang’、’splash’、’whisper’）。当你读到 ‘the bees buzzed’ 时，单词本身听起来就像它所描述的声音。这一手法帮助读者听到正在发生的事情。押韵是相似结尾音的重复，通常出现在诗歌行末（例如 ‘cat’ 与 ‘hat’，’light’ 与 ‘night’）。分析诗歌时留意 AABB 或 ABAB 等押韵格式。
8. Prefixes and Suffixes: Word Building | 前缀与后缀：构词法
Prefixes are added to the beginning of a root word to change its meaning. Common prefixes include ‘un-‘ (not), ‘re-‘ (again), ‘pre-‘ (before), ‘dis-‘ (opposite of), and ‘mis-‘ (wrongly). For example, ‘happy’ becomes ‘unhappy’, ‘write’ becomes ‘rewrite’, and ‘view’ becomes ‘preview’. A quick memory trick: ‘un-‘ feels like an upside-down smile, while ‘re-‘ suggests repetition, like pressing the rewind button.
前缀加在词根开头以改变词义。常见前缀包括 ‘un-‘（否定），’re-‘（再次），’pre-‘（之前），’dis-‘（相反），以及 ‘mis-‘（错误地）。例如，’happy’ 变成 ‘unhappy’，’write’ 变成 ‘rewrite’，’view’ 变成 ‘preview’。快速记忆法：’un-‘ 像一个颠倒的微笑，而 ‘re-‘ 暗示重复，就像按下倒带键。
Suffixes are added to the end of a root word. They can change the word class. For instance, ‘-ful’ turns a noun into an adjective meaning ‘full of’ (‘hope’ → ‘hopeful’), ‘-less’ means ‘without’ (‘hope’ → ‘hopeless’), ‘-ly’ often turns adjectives into adverbs (‘quick’ → ‘quickly’), and ‘-ness’ turns adjectives into nouns (‘kind’ → ‘kindness’). Learning just a handful of suffixes unlocks dozens of new words.
后缀加在词根结尾。它们可以改变词性。例如，’-ful’ 将名词变为形容词，意为 ‘充满……’（’hope’ → ‘hopeful
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