📚 Year 7 AQA German: Summer Preparation and Bridging Course | 七年级AQA德语：暑期预习与衔接课程
Welcome to the Year 7 AQA German summer preparation and bridging course! This guide is designed to help you start your German learning journey on the right foot before the new school year begins. You will explore key vocabulary, essential grammar, and useful phrases that lay the foundation for success in the AQA German curriculum. Let’s dive into the German language step by step, with clear explanations in both English and Chinese to support your understanding.
欢迎参加七年级AQA德语暑期预习与衔接课程！本指南旨在帮助你在新学年开始前，顺利踏上德语学习之旅。你将探索核心词汇、基础语法和实用表达，为AQA德语课程的成功打下坚实基础。让我们循序渐进地走进德语世界，通过中英双语清晰讲解，助你全面掌握。
1. The German Alphabet and Pronunciation | 德语字母表与发音
The German alphabet consists of 26 letters similar to English, plus four special characters: ä, ö, ü, and ß (Eszett or scharfes S). These extra letters change the way words sound and are very common in everyday German. Learning their pronunciation early will make reading and speaking much easier.
德语字母表包含与英语相似的26个字母，外加四个特殊字符：ä, ö, ü 和 ß（埃斯采特或尖s）。这些额外字母会改变单词的发音，在日常生活德语中十分常见。尽早学习它们的发音，能让阅读和口语轻松很多。
Vowels can be short or long, and umlauts (the two dots above ä, ö, ü) modify the sound. For example, ‘a’ is like ‘ah’ in ‘father’, while ‘ä’ is like ‘e’ in ‘bed’. ‘o’ sounds similar to ‘o’ in ‘sort’, but ‘ö’ is made by rounding your lips as if to say ‘o’ while trying to say ‘e’. ‘u’ is like ‘oo’ in ‘moon’, and ‘ü’ is produced by saying ‘ee’ with rounded lips. The letter ‘ß’ represents a sharp ‘ss’ sound, as in ‘Straße’ (street).
元音可长可短，变音符号（ä, ö, ü 上方的两点）会改变发音。例如，‘a’如同‘father’中的‘ah’，而‘ä’类似‘bed’中的‘e’。‘o’与‘sort’中的‘o’发音相似，但‘ö’需要像发‘o’时一样圆起嘴唇，同时试着发‘e’。‘u’如同‘moon’中的‘oo’，而‘ü’需在圆唇的状态下发‘ee’。字母‘ß’表示清脆的‘ss’音，如‘Straße’（街道）。
Consonant combinations are also important. ‘sch’ sounds like ‘sh’ in ‘shoe’, ‘ch’ can be soft after front vowels (e.g., ‘ich’ sounds a bit like ‘h’ in ‘huge’ but softer) or guttural after back vowels (e.g., ‘ach’ like the Scottish ‘loch’). ‘sp’ and ‘st’ at the start of a word become ‘shp’ and ‘sht’, as in ‘Sport’ (shport) and ‘Straße’ (shtrah-se).
辅音组合同样重要。‘sch’发音类似英语‘shoe’中的‘sh’；‘ch’在前元音后发软音（如‘ich’，有点像‘huge’中的‘h’但更轻柔），在后元音后发喉音（如‘ach’，类似苏格兰语‘loch’）。词首的‘sp’和‘st’变为‘shp’和‘sht’，例如‘Sport’（shport）和‘Straße’（shtrah-se）。
2. Greetings and Farewells | 问候与道别
Knowing how to greet someone politely is the first step in any conversation. In German, the time of day determines which greeting you use. Common greetings include “Hallo” (Hello, informal), “Guten Morgen” (Good morning), “Guten Tag” (Good day / Good afternoon), and “Guten Abend” (Good evening).
懂得如何礼貌地问候他人，是任何对话的第一步。德语中，时段决定了问候语的选择。常见问候语包括“Hallo”（你好，非正式）、“Guten Morgen”（早上好）、“Guten Tag”（日安/下午好）和“Guten Abend”（晚上好）。
When it’s time to say goodbye, you can use “Tschüss” (bye, informal) with friends and family, or “Auf Wiedersehen” (goodbye, formal) in more official situations. In southern Germany and Austria, you might hear “Grüß Gott” as a traditional greeting, and “Servus” is a friendly all-purpose greeting used in Bavaria.
道别时，与朋友和家人可以用“Tschüss”（拜拜，非正式），在较为正式的场合则用“Auf Wiedersehen”（再见，正式）。在德国南部和奥地利，你可能会听到传统的问候语“Grüß Gott”，而“Servus”是在巴伐利亚地区常用的友好问候兼道别语。
Don’t forget to use “Bitte” (please) and “Danke” (thank you) to be polite. “Bitte” also means “you’re welcome” in response to “Danke.” So a simple exchange might be: “Danke schön!” – “Bitte schön!”
别忘了使用“Bitte”（请/不客气）和“Danke”（谢谢）来表示礼貌。“Bitte”在回应“Danke”时也可表示“不客气”。因此，一个简单互动可以是：“Danke schön!”（非常感谢！）– “Bitte schön!”（不客气！）
3. Introducing Yourself and Personal Information | 自我介绍与个人信息
Being able to talk about yourself is essential. Start with “Ich heiße …” (My name is …) or “Mein Name ist …”. Then you can say how old you are: “Wie alt bist du?” (How old are you? informal) – “Ich bin … Jahre alt.” (I am … years old).
能够谈论自己至关重要。先说“Ich heiße …”（我叫……）或“Mein Name ist …”（我的名字是……）。然后可以报出年龄：“Wie alt bist du?”（你多大了？非正式）– “Ich bin … Jahre alt.”（我……岁了）。
To say where you come from, use “Ich komme aus …” (I come from …) followed by the country or city. For example, “Ich komme aus England.” (I come from England.) or “Ich komme aus London.” You can also mention where you live: “Ich wohne in …” (I live in …).
要说出你来自哪里，用“Ich komme aus …”后接国家或城市。例如：“Ich komme aus England.”（我来自英国）或“Ich komme aus London.”。你还可以提及居住地：“Ich wohne in …”（我住在……）。
It’s useful to ask someone else’s name: “Wie heißt du?” (What’s your name? informal) or “Wie heißen Sie?” (formal). A typical first conversation might look like this: “Hallo, ich heiße Anna. Wie heißt du?” – “Ich heiße Ben. Freut mich!” (Pleased to meet you!).
询问他人姓名也很有用：“Wie heißt du?”（你叫什么？非正式）或“Wie heißen Sie?”（正式）。典型的初次对话可能是这样：“Hallo, ich heiße Anna. Wie heißt du?” – “Ich heiße Ben. Freut mich!”（很高兴认识你！）。
4. Numbers 0–20 | 数字0–20
Numbers are everywhere in language learning. Memorising 0–20 will allow you to tell your age, give your phone number, and understand prices. German numbers from 0 to 12 are unique words, while from 13 to 19 you combine the unit and ‘zehn’ (ten).
数字在语言学习中无处不在。熟记0–20的数字后，你就能报年龄、说电话号码以及理解价格。德语中0至12是独立单词，13至19则由个位数和‘zehn’（十）组合而成。
Here is a table with numbers 0–20 in German, English, and Chinese:
以下是0–20的数字以德语、英语和中文对照表：
| Number | Deutsch | English | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | null | zero | 零 |
| 1 | eins | one | 一 |
| 2 | zwei | two | 二 |
| 3 | drei | three | 三 |
| 4 | vier | four | 四 |
| 5 | fünf | five | 五 |
| 6 | sechs | six | 六 |
| 7 | sieben | seven | 七 |
| 8 | acht | eight | 八 |
| 9 | neun | nine | 九 |
| 10 | zehn | ten | 十 |
| 11 | elf | eleven | 十一 |
| 12 | zwölf | twelve | 十二 |
| 13 | dreizehn | thirteen | 十三 |
| 14 | vierzehn | fourteen | 十四 |
| 15 | fünfzehn | fifteen | 十五 |
| 16 | sechzehn | sixteen | 十六 |
| 17 | siebzehn | seventeen | 十七 |
| 18 | achtzehn | eighteen | 十八 |
| 19 | neunzehn | nineteen | 十九 |
| 20 | zwanzig | twenty | 二十 |
Pay attention to spelling changes: 16 loses the ‘s’ from ‘sechs’ to become ‘sechzehn’, and 17 drops the ‘en’ from ‘sieben’ to form ‘siebzehn’. The number 20 ‘zwanzig’ starts with ‘z’ pronounced like ‘ts’. Practice saying these aloud to build your confidence.
请注意拼写变化：16从‘sechs’去掉‘s’变成‘sechzehn’，17从‘sieben’去掉‘en’变成‘siebzehn’。数字20‘zwanzig’以‘z’开头，发‘ts’音。大声练习这些数字，以增强信心。
5. Colours | 颜色
Colours help you describe objects, clothes, and the world around you. Learning them together with nouns – and their correct article – is an excellent way to absorb German genders naturally. Below is a handy table:
颜色帮助你描述物品、衣物以及周围世界。将颜色与名词及其正确冠词一起学习，是自然吸收德语词性的绝佳方法。以下是一张便捷对照表：
| Deutsch | English | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| rot | red | 红色 |
| blau | blue | 蓝色 |
| grün | green | 绿色 |
| gelb | yellow | 黄色 |
| schwarz | 更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
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