📚 Year 7 AQA Psychology: Winter Intensive Revision Plan | 七年级AQA心理学寒假强化复习计划
The winter holiday offers a valuable break after a busy first term. Use this time to revisit Year 7 AQA Psychology topics, strengthen your understanding, and build confidence. This intensive revision plan will guide you through key areas, practical activities, and exam-style questions to make your holiday productive and fun.
寒假是忙碌的第一学期后的宝贵休息时间。利用这段时间重温七年级AQA心理学的各个主题，加深理解，建立信心。这份强化复习计划将引导你学习关键领域、实践活动和考试式问题，让你的假期充实而有趣。
1. Understand the Year 7 AQA Psychology Syllabus | 了解七年级AQA心理学教学大纲
The Year 7 AQA Psychology course introduces you to the scientific study of mind and behaviour. You will have explored topics such as memory, perception, research methods, social influence, and biopsychology. Start by listing all the units you covered in class. Check your exercise book or school’s online platform for a topic checklist. Understanding the syllabus helps you focus on what really matters.
七年级AQA心理学课程向你介绍对思维与行为的科学研究。你可能已经探索了记忆、感知、研究方法、社会影响和生物心理学等主题。首先列出你在课堂上学过的所有单元。查看你的练习册或学校的在线平台获取主题清单。了解教学大纲有助于你专注于真正重要的内容。
Create a one-page overview with main headings and key terms. This visual map will serve as your revision roadmap. Tick off each topic as you revise it during the holiday.
用主要标题和关键术语创建一页概述。这张视觉地图将作为你的复习路线图。在假期中复习完每个主题后打勾。
2. Set Clear Revision Goals | 设定清晰的复习目标
Without goals, revision can feel aimless. Decide what you want to achieve by the end of the winter break. For example, you might aim to recall the multi-store model of memory, design a simple experiment, or explain a visual illusion. Break your goal into smaller, manageable targets for each day.
没有目标的复习会让人感到漫无目的。决定你在寒假结束时想要达到的目标。例如，你可以设定目标为回忆记忆的多储存模型、设计一个简单的实验或解释一个视错觉。将大目标分解为每天可管理的小目标。
Use a timer for 30-minute focused study blocks, followed by a 5-minute break. Spread your revision across the holiday — perhaps 5 days a week. Write your schedule in a diary and stick to it.
使用计时器进行30分钟的专注学习块，然后休息5分钟。把复习分散到整个假期——也许每周五天。在日记中写下你的时间表并坚持执行。
3. Revise Memory and Forgetting | 复习记忆与遗忘
Memory is a core topic. Make sure you can describe the multi-store model (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968). This model has three stores: sensory register, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). Information flows from sensory register to STM through attention, and from STM to LTM through rehearsal. STM capacity is limited to 7 ± 2 chunks, and its duration is about 18-30 seconds. LTM has unlimited capacity and duration. Ebbinghaus’ forgetting curve shows that without rehearsal, we forget rapidly at first and then the rate slows down.
记忆是一个核心主题。确保你能描述多储存模型（Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968）。该模型有三个储存库：感觉登记、短期记忆（STM）和长期记忆（LTM）。信息通过注意从感觉登记进入STM，并通过复述从STM进入LTM。STM的容量限于7 ± 2个组块，持续时间约18-30秒。LTM具有无限的容量和持续时间。艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线表明，没有复述时，我们一开始遗忘得很快，然后遗忘速度减慢。
Forgetting happens due to decay, displacement, or retrieval failure. Practice active recall by testing yourself on key definitions. Create flashcards with a term on one side and its definition and example on the other. Try explaining the model to a family member without looking at your notes.
遗忘的发生是由于衰退、干扰或提取失败。通过自测关键定义来练习主动回忆。制作闪卡，一面写术语，另一面写定义和例子。尝试在不看笔记的情况下向家人解释这个模型。
4. Revise Perception and Illusions | 复习感知与错觉
Perception is how we interpret sensory information. Two main theories are Gibson’s direct theory (we perceive the environment directly from information in the optic array) and Gregory’s constructivist theory (perception is influenced by expectations and past experience). Be able to use visual illusions like the Müller-Lyer illusion to support or challenge these theories.
感知是我们如何解释感觉信息。两种主要理论是吉布森的直接理论（我们直接从光阵中的信息感知环境）和格雷戈里的建构理论（感知受预期和过去经验的影响）。要能够使用视错觉（如缪勒-莱耶错觉）来支持或质疑这些理论。
Draw the Müller-Lyer illusion and label the two lines that appear different in length. Then explain why we see the illusion: according to Gregory, we use depth cues from 3D environments, so the line with outgoing fins seems longer because it resembles an inside corner. Practice writing a short paragraph comparing the two theories and mention size constancy.
画出缪勒-莱耶错觉，并标出看起来长度不同的两条线。然后解释为什么我们会看到这个错觉：根据格雷戈里的理论，我们使用了来自3D环境的深度线索，因此箭头向外的线看起来更长，因为它类似于内角。练习写一小段比较两种理论并提及大小恒常性的文字。
5. Master Research Methods Basics | 掌握研究方法基础
In Year 7 psychology, you learn how psychologists conduct experiments. Understand the difference between independent variable (IV) — the variable you change — and dependent variable (DV) — the variable you measure. For example, in an experiment on whether music affects concentration, the IV is the presence of music or not, and the DV is the test score.
在七年级心理学中，你学习心理学家如何进行实验。理解自变量（IV）——你改变的变量——和因变量（DV）——你测量的变量之间的区别。例如，在研究音乐是否影响专注力的实验中，自变量是有无音乐，因变量是测试得分。
You should also know about experimental and control groups. The experimental group receives the treatment (e.g., listens to music), while the control group does not. This allows a fair comparison. Try designing your own mini experiment at home: choose an IV and DV, write a hypothesis, and think about how you would collect data and control extraneous variables.
你还应该了解实验组和控制组。实验组接受处理（如听音乐），而控制组不接受。这样就可以进行公平比较。尝试在家设计你自己的小实验：选择一个自变量和因变量，写出假设，并思考如何收集数据以及控制额外变量。
6. Explore Social Influence | 探索社会影响
Social influence looks at how others affect our thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. Key concepts include conformity (changing your behaviour to fit group norms) and obedience (following orders from an authority figure). You may have studied Asch’s line-judgement study (1951), where many participants conformed to an obviously wrong group answer.
社会影响研究他人如何影响我们的思想、情感和行为。关键概念包括从众（改变行为以符合群体规范）和服从（遵从权威人物的命令）。你可能已经学习了阿希的线条判断研究（1951），其中许多参与者遵从了明显错误的群体答案。
Discuss why people conform: normative social influence (wanting to be liked) and informational social influence (believing the group knows better). For revision, create a comic strip showing a conformity scenario and label the type of influence. Think of real-life examples, such as fashion trends or peer pressure.
讨论人们为何从众：规范社会影响（想要被喜欢）和信息社会影响（相信群体更懂）。复习时，创作一个展示从众场景的连环画，并标注影响类型。思考现实生活中的例子，比如时尚潮流或同伴压力。
7. Review Biopsychology Foundations | 回顾生物心理学基础
Biopsychology explains behaviour through biological processes. You need to know the basic structure of a neuron: dendrites receive signals, the cell body (soma) processes them, and the axon sends signals to other neurons. The synapse is the tiny gap between neurons where neurotransmitters carry the signal: an electrical impulse travels down the axon, triggers the release of neurotransmitters, which cross the synapse and bind to receptors on the next neuron (lock and key model).
生物心理学通过生物过程解释行为。你需要了解神经元的基本结构：树突接收信号，细胞体（胞体）处理信号，轴突将信号发送给其他神经元。突触是神经元之间的微小间隙，神经递质在此传递信号：电冲动沿轴突传导，触发神经递质释放，神经递质跨越突触并与下一个神经元的受体结合（锁钥模型）。
Also learn the main brain areas: frontal lobe (thinking, decision-making), temporal lobe (hearing, memory), parietal lobe (touch, spatial awareness), and occipital lobe (vision). Draw a simple brain diagram and label each lobe. Use mnemonics to remember them, such as ‘F-T-P-O’ or create a story.
还要了解主要脑区：额叶（思维、决策）、颞叶（听觉、记忆）、顶叶（触觉、空间意识）和枕叶（视觉）。画一个简单的脑部图并标注每个脑叶。使用记忆术来记住它们，如’F-T-P-O’或编一个故事。
8. Practise Exam-Style Questions | 练习考试
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