📚 Year 7 Cambridge Business: Answering Techniques and Marking Criteria | Year 7 Cambridge 商务：答题技巧与评分标准
In Year 7 Cambridge Business, you begin to explore how businesses operate. To do well in tests and exams, you need to know how to answer questions effectively and understand what examiners look for. This guide will help you master answering techniques and interpret mark schemes, giving you a clear path to success.
在 Year 7 剑桥商务课程中，你将开始探索企业如何运作。为了在考试中取得好成绩，你需要知道如何有效地答题并理解考官的评分标准。本指南将帮助你掌握答题技巧并解读评分方案，为成功铺平道路。
1. Understanding Command Words | 理解命令词
In business exam questions, the command word tells you exactly what the examiner wants you to do. Getting to know these words is essential for targeting your answer correctly.
在商务考试题中，命令词告诉你考官希望你做什么。熟悉这些词对于正确锁定答题方向至关重要。
| Command Word | Explanation (中文) |
|---|---|
| Identify / State | 给出简短答案或名称 (Give a short answer or name) |
| Define / What is meant by | 给出准确的定义 (Give a precise definition) |
| Describe | 详细说明特征或一系列步骤 (Say what something is like or give a sequence of steps) |
| Explain | 说明原因或如何运作，通常用“因为” (Give reasons or show how something works, often using ‘because’) |
| Analyse | 深入审视并找出优点和缺点 (Examine in detail and identify advantages and disadvantages) |
| Evaluate / Assess | 做出判断，权衡利弊并得出结论 (Make a judgement, weigh up pros and cons and reach a conclusion) |
| Justify | 用证据支持你的选择或观点 (Support your choice or opinion with evidence) |
Always circle or underline the command word before you start writing. A common mistake is to describe when the question asks for an explanation – this loses marks because you are not answering the question fully.
在你动笔之前，记得圈出或划下命令词。一个常见错误是当问题要求解释时，你却进行了描述——这会丢分，因为你没有完全切题。
2. Knowledge and Definition Answers | 知识与定义题
In Year 7 Business, you are expected to learn key terms such as ‘entrepreneur’, ‘profit’, ‘market’ and ‘risk’. When a question starts with ‘Define’ or ‘What is meant by’, you must give a precise, clear definition. For example, an entrepreneur is a person who takes the risk of starting a new business. Avoid writing extra information that is not asked for, as it can waste time and may lead to confusion.
在 Year 7 商务中，你需要学习如“企业家”、“利润”、“市场”和“风险”等关键术语。当问题以“定义”或“所谓……是什么意思”开头时，你必须给出准确清晰的定义。例如，企业家是承担创业风险的人。避免写多余的信息，这样会浪费时间，还可能引起混淆。
Remember that knowledge marks are often easy to earn if you revise definitions regularly. Flashcards and mind maps can help you recall terms quickly. Even a one-mark definition question contributes to your overall grade, so never skip them.
请记住，如果你定期复习定义，知识分通常很容易拿到。闪卡和思维导图可以帮助你快速回忆术语。即使是一分的定义题也会影响你的总成绩，所以千万不要忽略它们。
3. Applying Concepts to Business Scenarios | 将概念应用于商业场景
Application means using the specific business context in your answer. If a case study describes a small bakery called ‘Emma’s Bakes’, you should mention the owner’s name, the type of products, and the problems the business faces. This shows the examiner you can connect theory to a real situation.
应用意味着在答案中使用具体的企业背景。如果题目描述了一家名为“Emma’s Bakes”的小面包店，你应该提到店主名字、产品类型以及该企业面临的问题。这向考官展示你能够将理论与实际情况联系起来。
Whenever the question provides data – such as sales figures or costs – use those numbers in your reasoning. For instance, if the bakery sells 120 cupcakes a week at £2 each, you can calculate weekly revenue: 120 × £2 = £240. Referencing these figures makes your answer stronger and directly meets the application assessment objective.
只要题目提供了数据——比如销售数字或成本——就要在推理中使用这些数字。例如，如果面包店每周卖120个杯子蛋糕，每个售价2英镑，你就可以计算出每周收入：120 × £2 = £240。引用这些数字能让你的答案更有力，并直接满足应用评分要求。
4. The Power of Explanation | 解释力
Explanation questions are the core of Business exams. You need to go beyond stating facts and show the ‘why’ or ‘how’. Useful linking words include ‘because’, ‘therefore’, ‘as a result’, ‘this leads to’ and ‘which means that’. These help you build a logical chain of reasoning.
解释题是商务考试的核心。你需要超越陈述事实，展示“为什么”或“怎么样”。有用的连接词包括“因为”、“因此”、“结果是”、“这导致”和“这意味着”。它们能帮助你构建逻辑推理链。
For example, to explain why rising costs might reduce a business’s profit, you could write: ‘Rising costs mean the business has to spend more on raw materials or wages. As a result, even if revenue stays the same, profit will fall because profit = revenue minus costs. This might force the owner to look for cheaper suppliers.’ This explains the cause, the effect and a possible consequence, showing depth of understanding.
例如，为了解释为什么成本上升可能会减少企业利润，你可以这样写：“成本上升意味着企业必须在原材料或工资上花费更多。结果，即使收入保持不变，利润也会下降，因为利润等于收入减去成本。这可能迫使企业主寻找更便宜的供应商。”这解释了原因、影响和可能的结果，展示了理解的深度。
5. Analysis: Breaking Down Advantages and Disadvantages | 分析：拆解优缺点
Analysis requires you to examine a business decision or situation from more than one angle. You should present both advantages and disadvantages, and then compare them. Use phrases like ‘On one hand… on the other hand…’, ‘While it is true that… it is also the case that…’ to structure your writing.
分析要求你从多个角度审视一个商业决策或情况。你应该呈现优点和缺点，然后加以比较。使用诸如“一方面……另一方面……”、“虽然……确实如此，但也存在……”的句式来组织你的写作。
When analysing the introduction of new technology, you could discuss: ‘The advantage is that it can speed up production, allowing the business to meet higher demand and increase revenue. However, there is a disadvantage: it requires a large initial investment and staff training, which can reduce short-term profit.’ Always explain why something is a strength or a weakness, rather than simply listing points.
在分析引进新技术时，你可以讨论：“优点是它能加快生产速度，使企业满足更高的需求并增加收入。然而，缺点是需要大额初始投资和员工培训，这会减少短期利润。”始终要解释为什么某一点是优势或劣势，而不是简单罗列要点。
6. Evaluation: Making Judgements | 评估：做出判断
Evaluation is the highest-level skill. After you have analysed, you must reach a judgement. This means deciding which side is more convincing, or what the best course of action is, based on the evidence you have presented. Use words such as ‘Overall’, ‘In conclusion’, ‘I would recommend… because…’ or ‘It depends on…’.
评估是最高层次的技能。在分析之后，你必须做出判断。这意味着根据你提供的证据，决定哪一方更有说服力，或者最佳行动方案是什么。使用“总而言之”、“结论是”、“我建议……因为……”或“这取决于……”等表述。
A strong evaluation does not just repeat earlier points; it weighs them. For example, ‘Overall, I think the café should raise its prices slightly, because its loyal customers value quality and are likely to accept a small increase. However, the owner must monitor sales closely, as a sharp drop might mean the decision needs to be reversed.’ This shows awareness that business decisions involve uncertainty and depend on circumstances.
强有力的评估不应只是重复之前的观点，而是要对它们进行权衡。例如：“总体而言，我认为咖啡馆应该稍微提高价格，因为其忠实顾客重视品质，很可能接受小幅涨价。但是，店主必须密切监控销售情况，因为若销量急剧下降，可能意味着需要撤销该决定。”这表明你意识到商业决策存在不确定性并取决于具体情况。
7. Structuring Answers with PEEL | 用 PEEL 结构组织答案
PEEL stands for Point, Evidence, Explanation and Link. This structure helps you write clear, focused paragraphs, especially in longer questions. Start with your main Point, back it up with Evidence from the case study, Explain how the evidence supports your point, and then Link back to the question or to the next paragraph.
PEEL 代表 Point（观点）、Evidence（证据）、Explanation（解释）和 Link（联系）。这种结构尤其有助于你在较长的题目中写出清晰、聚焦的段落。先提出你的主要观点，用案例中的证据支持它，解释证据如何支撑你的观点，然后联系回题目或引出下一段。
For instance, answering ‘Discuss the benefits of advertising for a new sports shop’, you could write: Point – Advertising can increase customer awareness. Evidence – The case study says the shop has only 50 weekly visitors. Explanation – More advertising, such as social media posts, could attract teenagers who are interested in sport, raising visitor numbers. Link – This could lead to higher sales and help the business survive against competitors.
例如，在回答“讨论广告对新开体育用品店的好处”时，你可以写：观点——广告能提高顾客认知度。证据——案例中提到该店目前每周只有50名访客。解释——通过更多广告，如社交媒体发帖，可以吸引对体育感兴趣的青少年，增加访客数量。联系——这可能导致销售额上升，帮助企业抵御竞争者。
8. Interpreting Data and Graphs | 解读数据与图表
Business exams often include bar charts, line graphs and tables. You need to be able to describe trends, make comparisons and calculate changes. Always refer to specific numbers and units, such as ‘Revenue rose from £5,000 in 2019 to £6,200 in 2020, an increase of £1,200.’
商务考试经常包含条形图、线图和表格。你需要能够描述趋势、进行比较和计算变化。始终引用具体数字和单位，例如“收入从2019年的5,000英镑上升到2020年的6,200英镑，增长了1,200英镑。”
You may also need to calculate percentage change. The formula is:
Percentage Change = (New Value − Old Value) ÷ Old Value × 100
For example, if the old profit was £800 and the new profit is £1,000, the percentage change is (1,000 − 800) ÷ 800 × 100 = 25%. Always show your working and round your answer sensibly. This skill demonstrates accurate quantitative analysis.
你有时还需要计算百分比变化。公式为：
百分比变化 = （新值 − 旧值）÷ 旧值 × 100
例如，如果旧利润是800英镑，新利润是1,000英镑，百分比变化就是 (1,000 − 800) ÷ 800 × 100 = 25%。始终展示你的计算过程，并合理取整。这一技能能展现准确的定量分析能力。
9. Managing Time Effectively | 高效管理时间
Good time management can make a huge difference. A simple rule is to match your minutes to the marks available. For a 50-mark paper, you have about one minute per mark. Start with the questions you find easiest to build confidence, but keep an eye on the clock.
好的时间管理能带来巨大差异。一个简单的规则是让你的答题分钟数与分值相匹配。对于一张50分的试卷，每分大约有一分钟。先做你觉得最简单的题目以建立信心，但要时刻留意时间。
If you get stuck on a question, move on and come back later. Leave at least 5 minutes at the end to check for missing answers, spelling mistakes and to ensure you have used the correct command words. A well-planned approach reduces stress and helps you finish all questions.
如果某道题卡住了，先跳过，稍后再回来。至少留出5分钟在最后检查遗漏的答案、拼写错误，并确保你正确使用了命令词。计划充分的方法能减少压力，帮助你完成所有题目。
10. Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them | 常见陷阱及避免方法
Many students lose marks by repeating the question, writing vague statements or ignoring the case study. Always be specific: instead of ‘Advertising helps sales’, say ‘Advertising on social media could help the café attract more local students, as shown by the case study data.’
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Published by TutorHao | Year 7 商务 Revision Series | aleveler.com
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