📚 Year 7 Cambridge Computing Summer Prep and Bridging Course | 剑桥七年级计算机暑期预习与衔接课程
Welcome to your summer bridging course for Year 7 Cambridge Computing! This programme is designed to give you a head start on the key concepts you will explore in the classroom. By spending a little time each week on these topics, you will build a strong foundation in computational thinking, programming, and digital literacy. The transition to secondary school computing is exciting – you will move from simply using technology to understanding and creating it. Let’s begin this journey together, and you’ll feel confident and prepared when term starts.
欢迎来到七年级剑桥计算机暑期衔接课程！这个课程旨在让你提前接触课堂上将要探索的关键概念。每周花一点时间学习这些主题，你将在计算思维、编程和数字素养方面打下坚实的基础。过渡到中学计算机课程是令人兴奋的——你将从简单地使用技术转向理解并创造技术。让我们一起开启这段旅程，在学期开始时你会感到自信且准备充分。
1. What is Computing? | 什么是计算机科学？
Computing is the study of how computers work, how they process information, and how we can use them to solve problems. It is not just about using applications; it is about understanding the principles behind technology. In Year 7, you will explore topics like algorithms, programming, data representation, and digital safety. This subject helps you develop computational thinking – a way of solving problems logically, breaking them into smaller steps, and creating solutions that a computer can follow.
计算机科学是研究计算机如何工作、如何处理信息以及我们如何利用它们解决问题的一门学科。它不仅仅是使用应用程序，更是理解技术背后的原理。在七年级，你将探索算法、编程、数据表示和数字安全等主题。这门学科帮助你培养计算思维——一种逻辑地解决问题、将其分解为较小步骤并创建计算机可遵循的解决方案的方式。
2. Understanding Computer Systems | 了解计算机系统
A computer system consists of hardware and software. Hardware includes physical components like the CPU (Central Processing Unit), memory (RAM), storage (hard drive, SSD), and input/output devices (keyboard, mouse, monitor). Software refers to the programs and applications that run on the hardware, such as operating systems, web browsers, and games. You will learn about the fetch-decode-execute cycle, which is how the CPU processes instructions.
计算机系统由硬件和软件组成。硬件包括物理组件，如中央处理器（CPU）、内存（RAM）、存储设备（硬盘、固态硬盘）以及输入/输出设备（键盘、鼠标、显示器）。软件指在硬件上运行的程序和应用程序，如操作系统、网页浏览器和游戏。你将学习取指-译码-执行周期，即 CPU 如何处理指令。
3. Binary and Data Representation | 二进制与数据表示
Binary is the language of computers. Using only two digits, 0 and 1, computers represent all types of data. A single binary digit is called a bit, and 8 bits form a byte. Text characters are encoded using standards like ASCII (e.g., ‘A’ is 65 in decimal, or 01000001 in binary). Images are made of pixels, each with a binary colour value. Sound is represented as binary samples of the waveform. Understanding binary helps you appreciate how digital devices store and manipulate information.
二进制是计算机的语言。仅使用两个数字 0 和 1，计算机就能表示所有类型的数据。单个二进制数字称为比特，8 个比特组成一个字节。文本字符使用 ASCII 等标准编码（例如，’A’ 的十进制为 65，二进制为 01000001）。图像由像素组成，每个像素有一个二进制颜色值。声音表示为波形的二进制样本。理解二进制有助于你理解数字设备如何存储和处理信息。
4. Introduction to Algorithms | 算法入门
An algorithm is a step-by-step set of instructions to solve a problem or complete a task. Think of it like a recipe: you follow ordered steps to bake a cake. In computing, algorithms must be precise, unambiguous, and finite. You will learn to design algorithms for everyday activities, such as making a cup of tea or navigating a maze. Key concepts include sequence, selection (decisions), and iteration (loops).
算法是一组逐步解决问题的指令。可以把它想象成一份食谱：你按照有序的步骤来烤蛋糕。在计算机中，算法必须精确、无歧义且有限。你将学习为日常活动设计算法，比如泡一杯茶或穿过迷宫。关键概念包括顺序、选择（判断）和迭代（循环）。
5. Flowcharts and Pseudocode | 流程图与伪代码
To plan algorithms, we often use flowcharts and pseudocode. A flowchart uses standard symbols: oval for start/end, rectangle for a process, diamond for a decision, and arrows to show the flow. Pseudocode is a way of writing algorithms in plain English-like statements, not bound by strict programming syntax. This prepares you for coding later. For example, a pseudocode for checking if a number is even might be: ‘IF number MOD 2 equals 0 THEN output “even” ELSE output “odd”.’
为了规划算法，我们经常使用流程图和伪代码。流程图使用标准符号：椭圆形表示开始/结束，矩形表示处理过程，菱形表示判断，箭头表示流程。伪代码是一种用类似普通英语的语句编写算法的方式，不受严格编程语法的约束。这为你之后的编码做准备。例如，检查一个数是否为偶数的伪代码可能是：’如果 数字 MOD 2 等于 0 则输出”偶数” 否则输出”奇数”‘。
6. Getting Started with Programming | 编程入门
Programming is the process of writing code in a language that a computer can understand. In Year 7, you will be introduced to block-based programming (like Scratch) and possibly text-based programming (like Python). Key programming constructs include: sequence (running instructions in order), selection (using if-else statements), and iteration (using for and while loops). You’ll learn to debug – finding and fixing errors in your code – which is an essential skill.
编程是用计算机能理解的语言编写代码的过程。在七年级，你将接触基于块的编程（如 Scratch），可能还有基于文本的编程（如 Python）。关键的编程结构包括：顺序（按顺序运行指令）、选择（使用 if-else 语句）和迭代（使用 for 和 while 循环）。你将学习调试——查找并修复代码中的错误——这是一项重要技能。
7. Scratch Programming Basics | Scratch 编程基础
Scratch is a visual programming environment where you drag and drop blocks to create scripts. You can control sprites, change backdrops, play sounds, and respond to user input. It is excellent for learning logic without worrying about syntax errors. You’ll build interactive stories, animations, and simple games. Understanding scripts in Scratch will make the transition to Python smoother.
Scratch 是一个可视化编程环境，你可以拖放积木块来创建脚本。你可以控制角色、切换背景、播放声音并响应用户输入。它非常适合学习逻辑，而无需担心语法错误。你将构建互动故事、动画和简单游戏。理解 Scratch 中的脚本将使你更顺利地过渡到 Python。
8. Introduction to Python | Python 入门
Python is a high-level, text-based programming language known for its readability. You can start by using the print() function to display messages, creating variables to store data, and taking user input with input(). Simple programs like a calculator or a quiz are good beginner projects. Remember that Python is case-sensitive, and indentation is used to define code blocks (e.g., inside an if statement). This summer, try installing Python and writing your first few lines.
Python 是一种高级的、基于文本的编程语言，以其可读性而闻名。你可以从使用 print() 函数显示信息、创建变量存储数据和使用 input() 获取用户输入开始。像计算器或问答游戏这样的简单程序是很好的入门项目。请记住，Python 区分大小写，并使用缩进来定义代码块（例如在 if 语句内部）。这个夏天，尝试安装 Python 并编写你的前几行代码。
9. Staying Safe Online | 网络安全
Being a digital citizen means staying safe online. Always use strong, unique passwords and never share them with others. Be cautious about personal information you post on social media. Learn to recognize phishing attempts and fake news. Cyberbullying is a serious issue; if you encounter it, tell a trusted adult. In computing, you will discuss these topics and learn about encryption and ethical use of technology.
成为一名数字公民意味着安全上网。始终使用强健且独特的密码，绝不与他人共享。对自己在社交媒体上发布的个人信息要谨慎。学会识别网络钓鱼企图和假新闻。网络霸凌是一个严重问题；如果你遇到，要告诉值得信赖的成年人。在计算机课程中，你将讨论这些话题并学习加密技术和技术的道德使用。
10. Databases and Data Handling | 数据库与数据处理
A database is an organised collection of data, often stored in tables with rows (records) and columns (fields). You’ll learn how to structure data, perform simple queries to retrieve information, and understand the difference between flat-file and relational databases. Data handling skills include sorting, filtering, and presenting data using charts. These skills are vital for making sense of large amounts of information.
数据库是组织好的数据集合，通常存储在由行（记录）和列（字段）组成的表格中。你将学习如何构建数据、执行简单查询以检索信息，并理解平面文件数据库和关系数据库之间的区别。数据处理技能包括排序、筛选和使用图表呈现数据。这些技能对于理解大量信息至关重要。
11. The Internet and Web | 互联网与万维网
The Internet is a global network of computers that communicate using protocols such as TCP/IP. The World Wide Web (WWW) is a collection of web pages accessed via the Internet using HTTP/HTTPS. You will explore IP addresses, domain names, and how data travels in packets. Understanding how the Internet works demystifies daily activities like video streaming and online gaming.
互联网是一个全球性的计算机网络，使用 TCP/IP 等协议进行通信。万维网（WWW）是通过 HTTP/HTTPS 协议在互联网上访问的网页集合。你将探索 IP 地址、域名以及数据如何以数据包形式传输。了解互联网的工作原理能让你看清视频流和在线游戏等日常活动背后的机制。
12. Summer Preparation Tips | 暑期预习建议
To get a head start, you can explore free resources: Code.org, Scratch, and Python’s official tutorial. Practice computational thinking by breaking down everyday tasks into algorithms. Keep a notebook for new vocabulary like ‘bit’, ‘variable’, ‘debug’. Install a simple Python IDE (e.g., Thonny) and try writing a ‘Hello, World!’ program. Most importantly, stay curious and have fun tinkering with technology. This bridging course will give you confidence for the exciting year ahead.
为了领先一步，你可以探索免费资源：Code.org、Scratch 和 Python 官方教程。通过将日常任务分解为算法来练习计算思维。用笔记本记录新词汇，如“比特”、“变量”、“调试”。安装一个简单的 Python IDE（如 Thonny），并尝试编写“Hello, World!”程序。最重要的是，保持好奇心，在摆弄技术中获得乐趣。这个衔接课程将为你带来信心，迎接激动人心的新学年。
Published by TutorHao | Computing Revision Series | aleveler.com
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