📚 Year 7 CCEA Drama: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick-Reference Guide | 七年级 CCEA 戏剧：词汇术语速记指南
Drama is a practical and creative subject that uses a very special vocabulary. Understanding these key terms will help you describe your own work, analyse performances, and communicate clearly with your group and teacher. This guide covers the most important words and phrases you will meet in Year 7 CCEA Drama, with simple definitions and examples to make them easy to remember.
戏剧是一门实践性和创造性很强的学科，它拥有一套非常特殊的词汇。理解这些关键术语将帮助你描述自己的作品、分析表演，并与你的小组和老师清晰地交流。本指南涵盖了你在七年级 CCEA 戏剧课程中会遇到的最重要的单词和短语，并配有简单的定义和例子，让你轻松记住它们。
1. Warm Up and Cool Down | 热身与放松
A warm up is a set of short exercises at the start of a drama session. Its purpose is to prepare your body, voice, and mind for creative work. It raises your energy, focuses your concentration, and reduces the risk of injury. Typical warm ups include stretching, breathing exercises, vocal drills, and simple group games. They help you leave behind what happened outside the drama space and become ready to explore new ideas.
热身是戏剧课开始时的一组简短练习。其目的是让你的身体、声音和思维为创造性工作做好准备。它能提升你的能量，集中你的注意力，并降低受伤的风险。典型的热身活动包括拉伸、呼吸练习、发声训练和简单的集体游戏。它们帮助你抛开戏剧空间之外发生的事情，准备好探索新的想法。
A cool down happens at the end of a session. It involves gentle physical movements, quiet breathing, and reflection time. Cooling down helps your body return to a resting state and allows your mind to process the work you have done. It is just as important as the warm up, because it closes the drama experience calmly and safely.
放松活动在课程结束时进行。它包括轻柔的身体运动、平静的呼吸和反思时间。放松有助于你的身体恢复到休息状态，并让你的大脑消化你所完成的工作。它与热身同样重要，因为它能够平静而安全地结束戏剧体验。
2. Freeze Frame and Still Image | 定格与静止画面
A freeze frame is a moment when all performers stop moving and hold their positions like a photograph. It is used to capture a key moment in a story, show an emotion powerfully, or help the audience see a clear picture of a situation. When making a freeze frame, you should think about your facial expression, body shape, and the level you are using (high, medium, or low). Even though you are still, your image should be full of energy and meaning.
定格是所有演员停止移动并像照片一样保持姿势的时刻。它用于捕捉故事中的关键时刻、有力地表现一种情感，或帮助观众清楚地看到一个情境的画面。在制作定格画面时，你应该思考你的面部表情、身体形态以及你所使用的高度（高、中或低）。尽管你是静止的，但你的画面应该充满能量和意义。
A still image is very similar to a freeze frame and the terms are often used interchangeably. A still image may be a single frozen picture, or a series of images one after another to show a sequence of events. This technique is excellent for exploring the beginning, middle, and end of a story without using words.
静止画面与定格非常相似，这两个术语经常互换使用。静止画面可以是一幅单一的凝固图片，也可以是一系列接连出现的图像，以展示事件的发展顺序。这种技巧非常适合在不使用语言的情况下探索故事的开端、发展和结尾。
3. Role-Play and Character | 角色扮演与角色
Role-play means taking on the part of someone else and behaving as that person would in a given situation. In role-play, you step into a character’s shoes to explore how they might think, feel, and react. You do not need a script; you respond naturally based on your understanding of the role. This technique helps you develop empathy and imagine different points of view.
角色扮演意味着扮演他人的角色，并按照那个人在特定情境下的行为方式进行表现。在角色扮演中，你设身处地地去探索角色可能的想法、感受和反应。你不需要剧本；你根据对角色的理解自然地做出回应。这种技巧帮助你培养同理心，并想象不同的观点。
A character is the person, creature, or being you create in drama. To build a believable character, you need to make strong choices about their voice, movement, background, and motivation. In Year 7, you will often create simple characters using a few clear details: how old they are, how they stand, how they speak, and what they want in the scene. A well-created character makes the drama feel true and engaging for the audience.
角色是你在戏剧中创造的人物、生物或存在。要构建一个令人信服的角色，你需要就他们的声音、动作、背景和动机做出明确的选择。在七年级，你通常会利用一些清晰的细节来创造简单的角色：他们的年龄、他们的站姿、他们如何说话以及他们在场景中想要什么。一个塑造得当的角色能让戏剧对观众来说显得真实且引人入胜。
4. Hot Seating | 坐针毡（角色访谈）
Hot seating is an activity where one person sits in a chair as a character, and the rest of the group asks them questions. The person in the hot seat must answer in role, staying true to the character’s personality and history. The questions can explore the character’s past, their feelings, secrets, or their reasons for acting in a particular way. Hot seating deepens everyone’s understanding of the character and is a great way to develop a story.
“坐针毡”是一种活动：一个人作为角色坐在椅子上，小组的其他成员向他提问。坐在“针毡”上的人必须以角色身份回答问题，保持角色的性格和经历的真实性。这些问题可以探究角色的过去、感受、秘密或他们以特定方式行事的原因。“坐针毡”能加深每个人对角色的理解，是发展故事的好方法。
To prepare for hot seating, you should think carefully about your character’s life beyond the scene. Even if some details were never mentioned in the story, you can invent them to make your answers convincing. Good hot seating answers are spontaneous, detailed, and consistent with what you have already shown about the character.
为了准备好“坐针毡”，你应该仔细思考角色在场景之外的生活。即使有些细节故事中从未提及，你也可以编造它们，使你的回答更有说服力。好的“坐针毡”回答是即兴的、详细的，并且与你已经展示的角色信息保持一致。
5. Thought Tracking | 思路追踪（内心独白）
Thought tracking is a technique that reveals the inner thoughts of a character at a specific moment. While the action is frozen in a still image, the teacher or a group member touches a performer’s shoulder, and that performer speaks aloud the thoughts going through the character’s mind. It may sound like an inner monologue, often beginning with phrases such as ‘I’m thinking…’ or ‘I wish…’.
思路追踪是一种揭示角色在特定时刻内心想法的技巧。当动作以静止画面的形式被冻结时，老师或小组成员轻拍一位演员的肩膀，该演员便大声说出角色脑海中的想法。它听起来像一段内心独白，常以“我在想……”或“我希望……”等短语开头。
Thought tracking helps actors and audience understand the hidden feelings and conflicts behind a scene. Two characters in the same freeze frame may have very different thoughts, and hearing them side by side can create a powerful dramatic contrast. It also encourages you to think beyond the surface action and explore the psychology of a character.
思路追踪帮助演员和观众理解场景背后隐藏的情感和冲突。同一个定格画面中的两个角色可能有截然不同的想法，并排听到这些想法可以创造出强烈的戏剧对比。它还鼓励你超越表面动作进行思考，探索角色的心理。
6. Improvisation | 即兴表演
Improvisation, or improv, is the act of creating a scene without a prepared script. Performers make up the dialogue, action, and story on the spot, responding to each other in the moment. Success in improvisation depends on accepting your partner’s ideas, known as the ‘Yes, and…’ principle, and building on them. It teaches you to listen carefully, stay focused, and make bold creative offers.
即兴表演，或简称“即兴”，是指在没有准备好剧本的情况下创作一个场景。表演者当场编造对白、动作和故事，并在当下相互回应。即兴表演的成功依赖于接受搭档的想法（即“是的，而且……”原则），并在其基础上进行发挥。它教你仔细倾听、保持专注，并大胆提出创造性的提议。
In Year 7, improvisation exercises often start with a simple starting point: a location, an object, a line of dialogue, or a relationship. From there, you and your partners work together to build a short scene. The goal is not to be perfect, but to make the scene alive, believable, and fun. Improvisation builds confidence and quick thinking.
在七年级，即兴表演练习通常从一个简单的起点开始：一个地点、一个物品、一句台词，或一段关系。从那里开始，你和你的搭档一起构建一个短场景。目标不是完美，而是让场景鲜活、可信且有趣。即兴表演能建立自信和快速思考的能力。
7. Mime and Gesture | 哑剧与手势
Mime is the use of movement without words to tell a story or show an activity. Everything is communicated through the body, including interactions with invisible objects. For mime to be clear, you must show the size, weight, shape, and texture of objects through your actions. Classic mime sequences include walking against the wind, pulling a heavy rope, or being trapped in an invisible box.
哑剧是仅用动作而不用语言来讲述故事或展示活动。一切都通过身体来传达，包括与看不见的物体的互动。为了让哑剧清晰，你必须通过动作表现出物体的大小、重量、形状和质地。经典的哑剧片段包括逆风行走、拉一根沉重的绳子，或者被困在一个看不见的盒子里。
Gesture is a specific movement of a part of the body, especially the hands or head, that carries meaning. A nod, a wave, a shrug, or a pointing finger are all gestures. In drama, gesture can show a character’s attitude, mood, or intention. Combined with facial expression, gesture gives the audience important clues about what the character is thinking and feeling, often without a single word.
手势是身体某个部位，特别是手或头的特定动作，它承载着意义。点头、挥手、耸肩或指点都是手势。在戏剧中，手势可以表现角色的态度、情绪或意图。与面部表情结合，手势能向观众提供关于角色所思所感的重要线索，往往无需一字一词。
8. Facial Expression and Body Language | 面部表情与肢体语言
Facial expression is the way we use our face to communicate emotion. The eyes, eyebrows, mouth, and even the forehead work together to show happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, or disgust. In drama, even when you are not speaking, your face should always reflect what your character is feeling in that moment. A neutral face is rarely the right choice on stage.
面部表情是我们用脸部传达情感的方式。眼睛、眉毛、嘴巴，甚至前额协同工作，来展现快乐、悲伤、愤怒、恐惧、惊讶或厌恶。在戏剧中，即使你不在说话，你的脸部也应该始终反映角色在那一刻的感受。在舞台上，一张中性的脸很少是正确的选择。
Body language refers to the messages we send through the posture, position, and movement of our entire body. A character might walk with fast, sharp steps to show nervousness, or slump their shoulders to show defeat. In Year 7, you will learn to read body language in others’ performances and use it intentionally in your own to make characters clearer and more interesting.
肢体语言指的是我们通过整个身体的姿势、位置和动作传递的信息。一个角色可能用快速、尖锐的步伐来表示紧张，或者耷拉着肩膀来表示挫败。在七年级，你将学会在别人的表演中解读肢体语言，并在自己的表演中有意识地使用它，使角色更清晰、更有趣。
9. Stage Directions and Blocking | 舞台指示与走位
Stage directions are instructions in a script that tell actors where to move, how to speak, and what actions to perform. They are usually written in italics or brackets. The directions ‘upstage’, ‘downstage’, ‘stage left’, and ‘stage right’ are from the actor’s point of view when facing the audience. For example, going upstage means moving away from the audience, towards the back of the stage.
舞台指示是剧本中的指令，告诉演员移动到哪里、如何说话以及表演什么动作。它们通常以斜体或括号书写。“上舞台”、“下舞台”、“舞台左侧”和“舞台右侧”这些方向是演员面对观众时的视角。例如，走上舞台意味着远离观众，迈向舞台后方。
Blocking is the precise planning of the actors’ movements and positions on stage during a scene. Good blocking ensures that every actor can be seen by the audience, and that the stage picture tells the story effectively. In group work, you will decide blocking together: who sits, who stands, when someone crosses to another part of the stage, and how close characters are to one another.
走位是场景中演员在舞台上的动作和位置的精确规划。好的走位确保每个演员都能被观众看到，并且舞台画面能有效地讲述故事。在小组工作中，你将一起决定走位：谁坐着、谁站着、谁在什么时候穿过舞台的另一部分，以及角色之间的距离有多远。
10. Script and Dialogue | 剧本与对白
A script is the written text of a drama, containing the characters’ spoken lines, stage directions, and often information about the setting. Learning to read a script is a key skill. You will become familiar with the layout: character names on the left, followed by the words they say, while stage directions explain the action. A script is like a blueprint that actors, directors, and designers use to build a performance.
剧本是戏剧的书面文本，包含角色的台词、舞台指示，以及通常关于场景设定的信息。学会阅读剧本是一项关键技能。你会熟悉它的版式：角色名字在左边，后面跟着他们说的话，而舞台指示则解释动作。剧本就像一份蓝图，演员、导演和设计师用它来构建一场演出。
Dialogue is the spoken conversation between two or more characters. Good dialogue moves the story forward, reveals character, and sounds natural even though it is carefully written. In your own scripted work, you should think about how your lines sound when spoken aloud and whether they fit your character’s voice. A monologue, by contrast, is a long speech delivered by one character alone.
对白是两个或更多角色之间的口头对话。好的对白推动故事向前发展，揭示角色性格，并且尽管是精心写成的，听起来却很自然。在你自己的剧本创作中，你应该思考你的台词大声说出来时的效果，以及它们是否符合你角色的声音。独白则相反，是一个角色单独发表的较长讲话。
11. Audience and Performance Space | 观众与表演空间
The audience is the group of people who watch a performance. In drama class, your audience is often your classmates and teacher. Understanding the audience is essential because drama is meant to be communicated. Every choice you make as a performer, from how loudly you speak to which direction you face, should be made with the audience in mind. Good actors learn to sense their audience and adjust their energy accordingly.
观众是观看演出的一群人。在戏剧课上，你的观众通常是你的同学和老师。理解观众至关重要，因为戏剧的目的就是沟通。作为表演者，你做出的每一个选择，从你说话的音量到你面朝的方向，都应该考虑到观众。好的演员学会感知他们的观众并相应调整自己的能量。
The performance space is any area where drama is shared with an audience. It might be a traditional stage with a proscenium arch, a drama studio, a cleared classroom, or even an outdoor space. In Year 7, you will often use a simple end-on or thrust arrangement, where the audience sits on one side or on three sides. Being aware of the space helps you use it effectively so that everyone can see and hear.
表演空间是与观众分享戏剧的任何区域。它可能是带有镜框式舞台的传统舞台、戏剧教室、清理过的普通教室，甚至是户外空间。在七年级，你经常会使用简单的末端式或伸出式舞台布置，即观众坐在一侧或三侧。意识到空间的存在有助于你有效利用它，确保每个人都能看到和听到。
12. Quick-Reference Vocabulary Table | 术语速查表
| English Term | 中文术语 | Simple Definition |
|---|---|---|
| Warm Up | 热身 | Exercises to prepare body and mind for drama work. |
| Freeze Frame | 定格 | A still picture created by actors holding a position. |
| Role-Play | 角色扮演 | Taking on the part of someone else in a situation. |
| Hot Seating | 坐针毡（角色访谈） | Questioning a character in role to find out more. |
| Thought Tracking | 思路追踪 | Speaking a character’s inner thoughts aloud in a freeze. |
| Improvisation | 即兴表演 | Creating a scene without a script, in the moment. |
| Mime | 哑剧 | Telling a story using only movement, no words. |
| Gesture | 手势 | Meaningful movement of hands, head, or body. |
| Facial Expression | 面部表情 | Using your face to show emotion without words. |
| Stage Directions | 舞台指示 | Written instructions in a script for movement and action. |
| Blocking | 走位 | Planned movements and positions on stage. |
| Dialogue | 对白 | Conversation between characters in a drama. |
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