📚 Year 7 CCEA Engineering: Key Terms & Memorisation Tips | 7年级CCEA工程：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to the essential guide for mastering Year 7 CCEA Engineering vocabulary. Building a strong technical word bank early in your studies is the key to understanding workshop tasks, design briefs and safety rules. This article introduces core terminology organised by topic and pairs each term with a simple memorisation trick. By linking new words to images, actions and patterns, you will find it much easier to recall them during lessons, homework and practical projects.
欢迎阅读这份为7年级CCEA工程课程打造的必备词汇指南。在学习初期建立扎实的技术词汇库，是理解车间任务、设计任务书和安全规则的关键。本文将核心术语按主题编排，并为每个词搭配简单的记忆窍门。通过把新词汇与图像、动作和模式联系起来，你在课堂、作业和动手项目中回忆它们时会轻松许多。
1. Core Engineering Vocabulary | 核心工程词汇
Engineering begins with a handful of big-picture words that describe what we do and how we think. ‘Design’ is the creative process of planning how to solve a problem; you can remember it by imagining a designer sketching on paper.
工程学始于几个描述我们做什么以及怎样思考的全局性词汇。“设计”是规划如何解决问题的创造性过程；想象一位设计师在纸上速写，就能记住它。
‘Technology’ means applying scientific understanding to make useful products. Link it to the tech gadgets you use every day – a phone is technology because science is turned into a working device.
“技术”指运用科学理解来制造有用的产品。把它和你每天都在用的科技产品联系起来——手机就是技术，因为科学被转化成了一个可用的设备。
‘Innovation’ is about introducing an improvement or a new idea. Visualise a light bulb switching on above someone’s head – that classic image helps cement the meaning of a clever, fresh approach.
“创新”关乎引入一项改进或新想法。想象一个人头顶亮起的灯泡——这个经典画面有助于巩固“聪明、新颖的方法”这一含义。
The word ‘prototype’ refers to an early model of a product made for testing. To memorise it, think of the first version of a toy or gadget that still has rough edges but lets you check if the idea works.
“原型”指为测试而制造的产品早期模型。要记住它，就想想一个玩具或装置的第一版，虽然还毛毛糙糙的，但能让你检验想法是否行得通。
‘Evaluate’ means to judge how well something meets the design goals. You can picture a teacher holding a checklist and giving ticks – that mental snapshot reminds you that evaluation always involves careful comparison against a standard.
“评估”指判断某物在多大程度上达到了设计目标。你可以想象一位老师拿着检查清单打勾——这个心理快照提醒你，评估总是包含对照标准进行仔细比较。
2. Materials and Their Properties | 材料及其特性
Materials surround us in every engineering challenge. ‘Metal’ is strong, shiny and a good conductor of heat and electricity. A memory trick: when you hold a metal spoon in hot soup, the handle quickly warms up because the material conducts – ‘metal moves heat’.
每次工程挑战中我们都离不开材料。“金属”坚固、有光泽，是热和电的良导体。记忆窍门：当你把金属勺子放进热汤里，勺柄很快变烫，是因为这种材料会传导——记住“金属会搬热”。
‘Plastic’ is lightweight and can be moulded into almost any shape. Connect ‘plastic’ with ‘flexible’: think of bending a plastic ruler – it curves but rarely snaps, which is a property called flexibility.
“塑料”重量轻，可以塑造成几乎任何形状。将“塑料”与“柔性”挂钩：想想弯折一把塑料尺，它会弯曲但很少折断，这种特性就叫柔性。
Naming specific plastics builds confidence. ‘Acrylic’ is a clear, glass-like plastic used for safety screens. Acrylic starts with ‘Acr’, like ‘acrylic paint’, so you can remember it is transparent and can be brightly coloured.
说出具体的塑料品种能建立信心。“亚克力”是一种透明、类似玻璃的塑料，用于制作安全隔板。亚克力开头是“Acr”，和“acrylic paint（丙烯颜料）”差不多，因此你可以记成它是透明的，而且可以拥有鲜艳的颜色。
‘Wood’ is a natural material that comes from trees. Key properties are that it is hard, stiff and can be sanded smooth. The grain of wood tells its story – trace a finger along a wooden desk and imagine the tree rings, which helps fix the term ‘grain’ in your memory.
“木材”是源自树木的天然材料。 关键特性是坚硬、刚挺且可打磨光滑。木材的纹理讲述它的故事——用手指顺着一张木桌摸过去，想象年轮，这有助你把“纹理”一词记牢。
Properties like ‘hard’, ‘soft’, ‘rigid’ and ‘flexible’ appear frequently. Learn them in opposites: hard vs soft, rigid vs flexible. Pair each with a real object you have touched, such as a brick for ‘hard’ and a sponge for ‘soft’.
“硬”、“软”、“刚性”和“柔性”等特性时常出现。成对学习：硬对软，刚性对柔性。把每个特性与你触摸过的实物配对，比如用砖来记“硬”，用海绵来记“软”。
3. Workshop Tools and Equipment | 车间工具与设备
‘Hammer’ is a tool used to drive nails or shape metal. The sound ‘bang, bang’ mimics the action, and imagining that rhythmic noise helps you recall its purpose instantly.
“锤子”是用来钉钉子或给金属塑形的工具。“梆梆”声模仿了它的动作，想象这种有节奏的声响能帮你瞬间回忆起它的用途。
A ‘saw’ cuts wood or plastic with a row of sharp teeth. The word ‘saw’ looks a bit like a jagged blade when written in lowercase – the wavy shape of ‘w’ reminds you of the teeth.
“锯子”通过一排锋利的锯齿来切割木头或塑料。“saw”这个词以小写形式书写时看起来有点像锯齿状的刀片——字母“w”的波浪形让你想起锯齿。
‘File’ is a tool with rough surfaces that smooths and shapes metal or wood. To remember, link it with a nail file – both use friction to remove small amounts of material, just in different sizes.
“锉刀”是一种表面粗糙、用于打磨和修整金属或木材的工具。为了记住它，把它和指甲锉联系起来——两者都靠摩擦去掉微量的材料，只是大小不同。
A ‘vice’ (or ‘vise’) grips workpieces firmly on a workbench. Picture a giant hand holding your project still – that strong grip is the vice’s job.
“台钳”把工件牢固地夹在工作台上。想象一只大手把你的作品牢牢握住——那种强劲的夹持就是台钳的工作。
The ‘try square’ checks right angles and marks straight lines. It has a hard blade and a stock. Think of the L‑shape of a try square as representing ‘perfect corner’, and you will never forget it measures 90°.
“直角尺”用于检验直角以及画直线。它有一个坚硬的尺身和一个底座。可以把直角尺的“L”形看作“完美转角”的象征，这样你就绝不会忘记它用来量测90度角。
4. Safety in the Engineering Workshop | 工程车间安全
A ‘hazard’ is anything that could cause harm, such as a sharp blade or a hot surface. To distinguish it from ‘risk’, visualise ‘hazard’ as the danger itself (the sharp edge) and ‘risk’ as the chance of getting hurt if you don’t follow rules.
“危险源”指任何可能造成伤害的东西，比如锋利的刀刃或灼热的表面。要区分它和“风险”，可以把“危险源”想象成危险本身（锋利的边缘），而“风险”是你若不遵守规则时受伤的可能性。
‘PPE’ stands for Personal Protective Equipment. You can chant ‘goggles, apron, closed-toe shoes’ – three items that form your workshop armour. The abbreviation itself becomes memorable when you say ‘PPE = Protect People Everyday’.
“PPE”是个人防护设备的缩写。你可以念出“护目镜、围裙、包头鞋”这三件东西，它们构成车间里的盔甲。当你说出“PPE = 每天保护人身”时，缩写本身就变得好记了。
‘Safety goggles’ shield your eyes from flying chips and dust. Imagine a pair of swimming goggles but tougher – the mental image links protection with a familiar object.
“安全护目镜”保护眼睛免受飞溅碎屑和粉尘的伤害。想象一副泳镜，但更坚固——这个心理意象将防护与熟悉的东西联系起来。
A ‘dust mask’ prevents inhalation of fine particles. The word ‘mask’ suggests covering, and you can think of a superhero mask that filters the air you breathe, giving you clean air power.
“防尘口罩”防止吸入细小颗粒。“mask”一词意味着覆盖，你可以把它想成一副过滤你呼吸的空气的超级英雄面具，给你干净空气的力量。
‘Fire blanket’ and ‘fire extinguisher’ are emergency equipment. Remember the sequence: blanket smothers small flames, extinguisher sprays for larger ones. Telling yourself a short story – ‘first the blanket, then the spray’ – solidifies both terms.
“灭火毯”和“灭火器”是应急设备。记住顺序：灭火毯盖灭小火苗，灭火器喷射对付较大火焰。跟自己讲个简短的故事——“先用毯子盖，再拿喷射枪”——能巩固这两个术语。
5. Forces and Types of Motion | 力与运动类型
A ‘force’ is a push, pull or twist that can change an object’s speed, direction or shape. To memorise this, hold your hands in front of you: one hand pushes, the other pulls, and then twist a bottle lid – your body shows the definition.
“力”是一种推、拉或扭拧，能改变物体的速度、方向或形状。要记住这一点，把双手伸到面前：一只手推，另一只手拉，然后拧开瓶盖——你的身体就演示了这个定义。
‘Tension’ is a pulling force that stretches materials. Picture a rubber band being stretched – the longer you pull, the more tension builds. The word itself sounds tight, which is a useful audio clue.
“张力”是一种将材料拉伸的拉力。想象一根橡皮筋被拉长——你拉得越久，积聚的张力就越多。这个词本身听起来就紧绷，是个有用的听觉线索。
‘Compression’ is a pushing force that squeezes or shortens objects. Imagine standing on a soft sponge – your weight creates compression. The ‘press’ part of the word is a hint.
“压缩力”是一种挤压或缩短物体的推力。想象站在一块柔软的海绵上——你的体重产生了压缩力。单词里的“press”部分就是一个提示。
‘Bending’ combines tension and compression: the outer side of a bent ruler is in tension, the inner side in compression. Flex a ruler and watch the curved shape – that visual experiment anchors the concept in your memory.
“弯曲”结合了张力和压缩力：弯折的尺子外侧受张力，内侧受压应力。弯一下尺子，看看弧线形状——这个视觉实验可以把概念锚定在记忆里。
‘Twist’ or ‘torsion’ is a turning force. Think of wringing out a wet towel – the twisting action applies torsion. Associating the motion with a daily chore makes the term stick.
“扭转”或“扭力”是一种转动力。想一想拧干湿毛巾——拧转动作就施加了扭力。把运动与日常家务联系起来，能让术语生根。
6. Simple Machines and Mechanisms | 简单机械与机构
A ‘lever’ is a rigid bar that pivots on a fulcrum to lift or move loads. The classic see-saw is a lever. Recalling the see-saw instantly tells you: pivot point (fulcrum), the person pushing down (effort), and the person rising (load).
“杠杆”是一根绕支点转动的刚性杆，用来提升或移动负荷。经典的跷跷板就是一个杠杆。回想起跷跷板，你就立刻明白：支点（转轴）、向下压的人（施力）和上升的人（负荷）。
A ‘pulley’ uses a grooved wheel and a rope to change the direction of a force. Think of a flagpole – you pull down on the rope, and the flag goes up. The phrase ‘pull down, flag up’ locks the concept into place.
“滑轮”利用带槽的轮子和绳索来改变力的方向。想想旗杆——你往下拉绳，旗子往上升。“下拉，旗上”这句话能让这个概念牢牢站位。
‘Gears’ are toothed wheels that transfer motion and force. Imagine the pedals and chain of a bicycle: turning the pedals makes the chain move, which spins the gear on the back wheel. Biking becomes your personal gear lesson.
“齿轮”是传递运动和力的带齿轮子。想象自行车的脚踏和链条：转动脚踏使链条移动，从而带动后轮上的齿轮旋转。骑自行车就成了你的私人齿轮课。
A ‘wheel and axle’ is a circular wheel fixed to a rotating rod. Door knobs and screwdrivers use this principle. When you twist a door knob, the larger wheel makes it easier to turn the axle inside – ‘big wheel, small turn’ summarises the idea.
“轮轴”是固定在旋转轴上的圆轮。门把手和螺丝刀都运用了这一原理。当你转动门把手时，较大的轮子让里面的轴更容易转动——“大轮，小转”可以概括这个道理。
An ‘inclined plane’ is a flat, sloping surface. Ramps are inclined planes that help move heavy objects higher with less effort. Remember it as ‘a slope that makes lifting easier’. The key is that you trade a longer path for less force.
“斜面”是一个平坦倾斜的表面。斜坡就是斜面，帮助用较小的力气把重物移到高处。记住它是“让抬升变轻松的斜坡”。关键在于你以更长的路径换取更小的力。
7. Electronics and Basic Circuits | 电子与基础电路
A ‘circuit’ is a complete loop that allows electricity to flow. Picture a running track: if the track is broken, runners can’t complete a lap. Similarly, a break in a circuit stops current. The word ‘circle’ hides inside ‘circuit’, reminding you of the loop.
“电路”是允许电流流动的完整回路。想象一条跑道：如果跑道断了，运动员就没法跑完一圈。同样，电路断路，电流就会停止。“circuit”里藏着“circle（圆）”，提醒你这是个环路。
A ‘battery’ provides the electrical energy. Its symbol is two parallel lines (one longer, one shorter). Think of the battery as a pump that pushes electrons around the circuit – that mental model explains both energy source and voltage.
“电池”提供电能。它的符号是两条平行线段（一长一短）。把电池想象成推动电子在电路中环行的水泵——这个模型同时解释了能量源和电压。
A ‘switch’ controls whether a circuit is open or closed. The word itself suggests a change of state. Imagine a drawbridge: when the bridge is down, traffic can cross (closed circuit); when lifted, traffic stops (open circuit).
“开关”控制电路是断开还是闭合。这个词本身就暗示状态的改变。想象一座吊桥：桥放下时，车辆可以通行（闭合电路）；桥升起时，交通中断（断开电路）。
‘Light emitting diode’ (LED) is a special bulb that lights up when current flows in one direction only. The phrase ‘LED lets electricity dance’ reminds you it needs correct direction. An LED has a longer positive leg – ‘long leg, plus side’.
“发光二极管”(LED)是一种只有在电流按特定方向流过时才会发光的特殊灯泡。“LED让电子跳舞”这句话提醒你它需要正确方向。LED的正极腿较长——“长腿，正极”。
‘Conductor’ and ‘insulator’ are opposites. A conductor lets electricity pass easily (copper wire), while an insulator blocks it (plastic coating). Link ‘conductor = conducts’ and ‘insulator = stops, like insulation on a wire’.
“导体”和“绝缘体”互为对立。导体让电流容易通过（铜线），绝缘体则阻挡电流（塑料外皮）。记住“conductor导电”和“insulator绝缘，就像电线外面的绝缘层”。
8. Measurement, Units and Marking Out | 测量、单位与划线
In the workshop, you will often use millimetres (mm), centimetres (cm) and metres (m). One centimetre equals 10 mm. Draw a line on paper that is 1 cm long and count the tiny mm marks – that physical action helps you estimate and convert.
在车间里，你会经常用到毫米(mm)、厘米(cm)和米(m)。1厘米等于10毫米。在纸上画一条1厘米长的线，数一下上面的小毫米刻度——这个动手操作能帮你估读和换算。
Mass is measured in grams (g) and kilograms (kg). A paperclip weighs about 1 g, and a bag of sugar is 1 kg. Using everyday references builds a permanent mental scale.
质量以克(g)和千克(kg)度量。一枚回形针约重1克，一袋糖是1千克。使用日常参照物可以建立一个永久的心理秤。
‘Accuracy’ means how close a measurement is to the true value. A bullseye hit is accurate. ‘Precision’ is about consistency – all darts landing together, even if not on target. The two are often tested, so remember: ‘accurate is correct, precise is repeatable’.
“准确度”指测量值接近真实值的程度。命中靶心就是准确的。“精度”关乎一致性——所有飞镖落在一起，即便没中靶。两者经常被考察，所以记住：“准确是正确，精密是可重复”。
‘Marking out’ means drawing lines on a workpiece to guide cutting and shaping. Words like ‘datum’ (a reference edge or point) and ‘scribe’ (a sharp tool for marking metal) appear. Visualise a carpenter using a pencil and square – that whole process is marking out.
“划线”指在工件上画线，以引导切割和成型。像“基准”（参考边或点）和“划线针”（在金属上划线的尖利工具）这样的词会出现。想象木匠用铅笔和角尺操作——整个过程就是划线。
For ‘radius’ and ‘diameter’, draw a circle. Radius is from centre to edge, diameter goes all the way across. The mnemonics ‘r for reach, d for door’ can help: radius reaches halfway, diameter goes through the whole doorway.
对于“半径”和“直径”，画一个圆。半径是从圆心到边缘，直径贯穿整个圆。助记法“r是reach（够着），d是door（门）”有帮助：半径只够到半途，直径穿过整扇门。
9. The Design Process Keywords | 设计过程关键词
CCEA projects follow a design cycle. The ‘brief’ is a statement that outlines the problem. Think of a police briefing – it gives you all the essential clues to start your investigation.
CCEA项目遵循设计循环。“任务书”是概述问题的陈述。想想警方案情通报——它给你提供启动调查的所有关键线索。
‘Research’ means gathering information about users, materials and existing products. Link it to searching online: you type keywords and collect ideas. The ‘re-‘ in research suggests looking again and again.
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