📚 Year 7 CCEA Media: Quick Memorisation Guide to Key Terms | Year 7 CCEA 媒体：词汇术语速记指南
Understanding media language is like learning a new alphabet; once you master the key terms, you can decode any film, advert, or website. This guide is designed for Year 7 students following the CCEA Media curriculum, providing simple definitions and clever memory tricks to help you remember essential vocabulary.
理解媒体语言就像学习一套新的字母表；一旦掌握了关键术语，你就能解读任何电影、广告或网站。本指南专为遵循 CCEA 媒体课程的七年级学生设计，提供简单的定义和巧妙的记忆技巧，帮助你记住基础词汇。
1. Media and Media Texts | 媒体与媒体文本
A media text is any product created to communicate a message. This could be a film trailer, a news article, a social media post, a podcast or a magazine cover. It is called a ‘text’ because, just like a book, you can ‘read’ its meaning by analysing its sounds, images and words.
媒体文本 是任何为传递信息而创造的产品。它可以是电影预告片、新闻报道、社交媒体帖子、播客或杂志封面。之所以称之为“文本”，是因为像书籍一样，你可以通过分析它的声音、图像和文字来“解读”它的含义。
Memory trick: If you can text (talk about) something that carries a message, it is a media text. Think of it as ‘any media thing you can read or watch’.
记忆窍门：如果你能对某个传递信息的对象发消息讨论（text），它就是媒体文本。把它想成“任何你能阅读或观看的媒体事物”。
2. Genre | 类型
Genre is a category of media product that shares similar conventions, such as plot, setting, character types or visual style. Common genres include horror, comedy, action, news and sci-fi. Recognising genre helps audiences quickly know what to expect from a film or programme.
类型 是具有相似惯例（如情节、场景、角色类型或视觉风格）的媒体产品类别。常见类型包括恐怖、喜剧、动作、新闻和科幻。识别类型有助于观众迅速判断能从一部电影或节目中期待什么。
Memory trick: ‘Genre’ sounds like ‘general‘ – it tells you the general kind of media product. Imagine different bookshelves in a library, each labelled with a general category.
记忆窍门：“Genre” 的发音类似 “general”（一般的）——它告诉你是哪一种总的媒体类型。想象图书馆里不同的书架，每个都标着一个总类。
3. Target Audience | 目标受众
The target audience is the specific group of people a media product is aimed at. Producers define this group by age, gender, interests, lifestyle or location. For example, a toy advert might target young children, while a luxury car advert targets wealthy adults.
目标受众 是媒体产品所针对的特定人群。制作者通过年龄、性别、兴趣、生活方式或地点来界定这个群体。例如，玩具广告可能针对幼儿，而豪华汽车广告则针对富裕的成年人。
Memory trick: Imagine a bow and arrow – the ‘target‘ is the bullseye you want to hit. Your audience is the crowd in the auditorium. Put them together and you are aiming your media content at a specific group.
记忆窍门：想象一张弓和箭——“target”（靶子）就是你要射中的靶心。你的 audience（观众）就是礼堂里的人群。把两者结合起来，你就是在把媒体内容瞄准特定的群体。
4. Representation | 再现
Representation is how the media portrays people, places, events or ideas. Media does not simply show reality; it selects, constructs and shapes what we see. This can influence our beliefs and attitudes. For instance, a news programme might represent a politician in a positive or negative light through the choice of images and words used.
再现 是媒体如何描绘人物、地点、事件或观念。媒体并非简单地展示现实；它会选择、构建和塑造我们所看到的内容。这可能影响我们的信念和态度。例如，新闻节目可能通过所选图像和词语，以正面或负面的方式再现一位政治家。
Memory trick: Break the word into ‘re-presentation‘. When something is presented again, it is often changed slightly. Media re-presents the world, so always ask: what version of reality is being shown?
记忆窍门：把单词拆成 “re-presentation”（再次呈现）。当某物被再次呈现时，通常会有细微改变。媒体是对世界的再次呈现，所以永远要问：正在展示的是现实的哪个版本？
5. Denotation and Connotation | 明示义与隐含义
Denotation is the literal, obvious meaning of a sign or image – exactly what you can see. Connotation is the deeper, associated meaning – the ideas and feelings it suggests. For example, a red rose: denotation is a flower with red petals; connotation could be love, romance or even danger.
明示义 是一个符号或图像的字面、明显含义——就是你直接看到的内容。隐含义 是更深层的相关含义——它所暗示的观念和情感。例如，一朵红玫瑰：明示义是一朵带有红色花瓣的花；隐含义可能是爱情、浪漫，甚至是危险。
Memory trick: Denotation = Dictionary meaning (what the word literally says). Connotation = Connection meaning (what your mind connects to it). All you need is D and C to decode images.
记忆窍门：Denotation = Dictionary（字典）含义（字面上说的意思）。Connotation = Connection（联系）含义（你的大脑联想到的东西）。只需记住 D 和 C 就能解码图像。
6. Camera Shots and Angles | 镜头景别与角度
Camera shots describe how much of the subject is visible in the frame. An extreme close-up focuses on a detail like an eye; a close-up shows the face; a medium shot frames the body from the waist up; and a long shot reveals the whole body and the surroundings.
镜头景别 描述画面中主体可见的范围。大特写 聚焦于细节如眼睛；特写 显示脸部；中景 框取腰部以上的身体；远景 则展示全身及环境。
Camera angles influence how we perceive the subject. A high angle (camera looking down) makes a character seem small or weak. A low angle (camera looking up) makes them appear powerful or threatening. An eye-level angle creates equality and normality.
镜头角度 影响我们看待主体的方式。俯角（镜头向下看）使角色显得渺小或软弱。仰角（镜头向上看）使他们显得强大或具威胁性。平视角度 则营造平等和正常的感觉。
Memory trick: Long shot = long view of the scene. High angle = high up, looking down on someone like a bird. Low angle = low down, looking up to make them bigger.
记忆窍门：远景 = 远距离观看 场景。俯角 = 从高处 往下看，像鸟一样俯视他人。仰角 = 从低处 往上看，使其显得更高大。
7. Sound: Diegetic and Non-diegetic | 声音：剧情声与非剧情声
Diegetic sound is any sound that originates from within the story world – sounds that the characters can hear. Examples include dialogue, footsteps, a slamming door, music from a radio in the scene, or the noise of a car engine.
剧情声 是源自故事世界内部的任何声音——角色能听到的声音。例子包括对话、脚步声、关门声、场景中收音机播放的音乐，或汽车引擎声。
Non-diegetic sound is added for the audience only and does not exist in the characters’ world. Examples are background music (soundtrack), voice-over narration, or sound effects like a dramatic ‘sting’ that underlines a scary moment.
非剧情声 仅为观众添加，并不存在于角色世界中。例子包括背景音乐（配乐）、旁白叙述，或戏剧性的“叮”声等音效，用以强调恐怖时刻。
Memory trick: Diegetic = Dialogue and direct sounds heard by characters. Non-diegetic = Not in the story; think of the narrator or music that only you can hear.
记忆窍门：剧情声 = 对话 和角色能直接听到的声音。非剧情声 = 不在故事中；想你听到的旁白或只有观众能听到的音乐。
8. Mise-en-scène | 场面调度
Mise-en-scène is a French term meaning ‘put in the scene’. It covers everything you can see in a single frame: settings and locations, props, costumes, hair and make-up, lighting, colour and the positioning of characters. All these visual elements work together to communicate meaning and mood.
场面调度 是一个法语术语，意为“置于场景中”。它涵盖了你在单个画面中能看到的一切：场景和地点、道具、服装、发型和化妆、灯光、色彩 以及角色的站位。所有这些视觉元素共同作用，传达意义和情绪。
Memory trick: Say ‘meez-on-sen’ and remember: everything in the scene. If someone asks what mise-en-scène is, simply point at the screen – it is all that stuff sitting there on purpose.
记忆窍门：念作 “meez-on-sen”，记住：场景中的一切。如果有人问场面调度是什么，指向屏幕简单说——那里面所有有意摆放的东西都是。
9. Narrative | 叙事
Narrative refers to the way a story is told, including its structure, plot and character development. Most media narratives follow a linear pattern with a beginning, middle and end, but some play with time using flashbacks or parallel storylines. The narrative shapes how audiences engage with and interpret the story.
叙事 指故事被讲述的方式，包括其结构、情节和角色发展。大多数媒体叙事遵循开篇、发展、结尾的线性模式，但有些通过闪回或平行故事线玩弄时间。叙事塑造了观众参与和解读故事的方式。
Memory trick: Narrative = narrator telling a story. Think of a narrator guiding you through events; even without a spoken narrator, the editing and shots create a storytelling flow.
记忆窍门：叙事 = 叙述者讲故事。想象一个叙述者引导你经历事件；即使没有口述的叙述者，剪辑和镜头也会创造讲故事的流程。
10. Editing | 剪辑
Editing is the process of selecting, arranging and combining shots to create the final sequence. Key aspects include the cut (a sudden change between shots), transitions (fades, dissolves) and pace (how quickly shots change). Fast editing can build excitement, while slow pacing often creates tension or calm.
剪辑 是选择、安排和组合镜头以创建最终序列的过程。关键方面包括剪切（镜头间的突然切换）、转场（淡入淡出、溶接）和节奏（镜头切换的快慢）。快速剪辑能营造兴奋感，而缓慢的节奏常制造紧张或平静。
Memory trick: Visualise editing as cutting and gluing strips of film, just like you would edit a video on a computer. You are deciding what to keep and what to trim to make the story flow.
记忆窍门：把剪辑想象成剪切和粘贴电影胶片，就像你在电脑上编辑视频一样。你在决定保留什么、剪掉什么，好让故事流畅。
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