📚 Year 7 CCEA Politics: Key Terms Quick Memorisation Guide | 七年级 CCEA 政治：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to your go-to vocabulary companion for Year 7 CCEA Politics. This guide breaks down essential political terms in a simple, bilingual way to help you memorise definitions, recognise keywords, and feel confident in class discussions and assessments. Each entry includes a clear explanation in English followed by its Chinese equivalent, plus a memorable tip to lock the concept into your brain.
欢迎使用这本为七年级 CCEA 政治课程定制的词汇速记指南。我们用简单中英对照的方式拆解核心政治术语，帮助你轻松记牢定义、识别关键词，在课堂讨论和测试中游刃有余。每个词条都配有英文解释和中文译文，再加上巧妙记忆法，让概念牢牢印在脑海里。
1. Democracy | 民主
‘Democracy’ comes from the Greek words demos (people) and kratos (power or rule). It means a system of government in which citizens have a say in how the country is run, usually by voting in elections. In a democracy, leaders must follow the law and respect the opinions of the people.
“民主”源自希腊语 demos（人民）和 kratos（权力或统治），意为公民通过投票等方式参与国家管理的政府体制。在民主国家，领导人必须守法并尊重人民的意见。
Memory tip: Picture a big crowd of people holding a sign that says ‘We decide!’ – that is democracy in action.
记忆技巧：想象一大群人举着写有 “我们决定！” 的牌子——那就是民主的生动写照。
2. Government | 政府
The government is the group of people who have the authority to make laws, manage public services and lead the country. In the United Kingdom, the government is formed by the political party that wins the most seats in a general election. The government runs departments such as health, education and transport.
政府是拥有制定法律、管理公共事务和领导国家的权力机构。在英国，政府由大选中赢得最多议席的政党组成，负责管理卫生、教育、交通等部门。
Memory tip: Think of a ship’s captain – the government steers the nation like a captain steers a ship, with ministers acting as officers managing different decks.
记忆技巧：把政府想象成一艘船的船长——就像船长掌舵，大臣们则是管理各个甲板的高级船员，共同驾驶国家这艘大船。
3. Monarchy | 君主制
A monarchy is a form of government where a king or queen serves as the head of state. In the UK, we have a constitutional monarchy: the monarch’s powers are limited by law and Parliament. King Charles III reigns, but he does not rule – the real decision-making power lies with Parliament and the elected government.
君主制是由国王或女王担任国家元首的政府形式。英国实行的是君主立宪制，君主的权力受到法律和议会的约束。查尔斯三世国王在位但不行使统治权，真正的决策权掌握在议会和民选政府手中。
Memory tip: Remember ‘constitutional’ monarchy as a crown in a glass box – visible and symbolic, but kept safely inside the rules of a constitution.
记忆技巧：把 “君主立宪” 形象记忆为玻璃盒中的王冠——可以看见、具有象征意义，却妥妥地安放在宪法规则内。
4. Parliament | 议会
Parliament is the law-making body of the United Kingdom. It is made up of three parts: the House of Commons (elected MPs), the House of Lords (appointed and hereditary peers) and the monarch. Bills must be approved by both Houses and receive Royal Assent before becoming law. The House of Commons is the more powerful chamber because its members are directly chosen by voters.
议会是英国的立法机构，由下议院（民选议员）、上议院（任命和世袭贵族）以及君主三部分组成。法案必须在两院通过并获得御准才能成为法律。由于下议院议员由选民直接选举产生，因此它的权力更大。
Memory tip: Imagine a big workshop where MPs debate and shape new laws – Parliament is the nation’s law factory.
记忆技巧：想象一间大工坊，议员们在这里辩论、雕琢新法律——议会就是国家的法律制造厂。
5. Law | 法律
A law is an official rule that everyone in a society must follow. Laws are designed to keep order, protect citizens and ensure justice. When a bill passes through all stages in Parliament and receives Royal Assent, it becomes an Act of Parliament, otherwise known as a statute. The police, courts and judges help enforce the law.
法律是社会中每个人都必须遵守的正式规则，旨在维护秩序、保护公民权利并实现正义。当一项法案在议会走完所有程序并获得御准后，它就成为了议会法令，也就是成文法。警察、法院和法官负责执行法律。
Memory tip: Think of a referee in a football match – laws are society’s rulebook, and judges are the referees who apply them fairly.
记忆技巧：把法律看作足球比赛的裁判——法律就是社会的规则手册，法官则是公正执法的裁判员。
6. Rights | 权利
Rights are the fundamental freedoms and protections to which every individual is entitled. In the UK, citizens enjoy rights such as the right to education, the right to a fair trial and the right to free speech. These rights are often protected by documents like the Human Rights Act 1998, which incorporates the European Convention on Human Rights into UK law.
权利是每个人应享有的基本自由与保护。英国公民拥有受教育权、接受公正审判权和言论自由等权利。这些权利通常由《1998年人权法案》等文件保护，该法案将《欧洲人权公约》纳入了英国法律。
Memory tip: Imagine a shield with a tick on it – your rights are like a protective shield that the law guarantees for every person.
记忆技巧：想象一面带有对勾标志的盾牌——你的权利就像法律为每个人提供的保护盾。
7. Responsibilities | 责任
Responsibilities are the duties or things we ought to do as active citizens. While rights are things you can expect to receive, responsibilities are the actions you take to contribute to your community. Examples include obeying the law, paying taxes when older, serving on a jury if called, and respecting the rights of others. Without responsibilities, a society cannot function fairly.
责任是我们作为积极公民应当履行的义务。如果说权利是你可以期待获得的事物，责任就是你为社区做出贡献的行动。例子包括遵守法律、成年后纳税、被征召时担任陪审员以及尊重他人的权利。没有责任，社会就无法公平运转。
Memory tip: Think of a two-sided coin – one side says ‘rights’, the other says ‘responsibilities’. Citizenship means carrying both in your pocket.
记忆技巧：想象一枚双面硬币——一面写着 “权利”，另一面写着 “责任”。公民身份意味着口袋里同时装着这两面。
8. Election | 选举
An election is the process by which citizens choose their representatives. In a general election, people across the UK vote for a Member of Parliament (MP) to represent their constituency in the House of Commons. Elections must be free and fair, with a secret ballot ensuring that each person’s vote is private and cannot be influenced by others.
选举是公民选择自己代表的程序。在大选中，英国各地选民投票选出自己选区的下议院议员（MP）。选举必须是自由、公正的，并通过秘密投票确保每个人的选择私密且不受他人左右。
Memory tip: Picture a classroom picking a monitor by raising hands or filling in slips – an election is just that, but for the whole country.
记忆技巧：想象一个班级通过举手或填纸条选班长——选举就是这样一个过程，只不过扩展到整个国家。
9. Voting | 投票
Voting is the act of expressing your choice in an election or referendum. Citizens aged 18 and over are eligible to vote in UK general elections. Voters mark a ballot paper with their choice, and the ballot box is sealed to keep the process secure. The method of voting used in Northern Ireland for Assembly and local elections includes the Single Transferable Vote, which allows voters to rank candidates in order of preference.
投票是在选举或公投中表达选择的行为。年满18岁的英国公民有资格在大选中投票。选民在选票上做出标记，票箱被密封以确保过程安全。北爱尔兰议会和地方选举中使用的投票方法包括单一可转让投票制，允许选民按偏好顺序为候选人排序。
Memory tip: Visualise placing a tick inside a box – voting is simply turning your opinion into a mark that counts along with millions of others.
记忆技巧：想象在一个方框里打勾——投票就是将你的意见转化为一个标记，与百万人的标记一起被统计。
10. Prime Minister | 首相
The Prime Minister is the head of the UK government, leading the Cabinet of senior ministers. The Prime Minister is usually the leader of the political party that has the most MPs in the House of Commons. Key duties include setting government policy, representing the UK at home and abroad, and making crucial national decisions. The official residence is 10 Downing Street in London.
首相是英国政府首脑，领导由高级大臣组成的内阁。首相通常是在下议院占有最多议席的政党领袖。其主要职责包括制定政府政策、在国内和国际上代表英国以及做出关键的国家决策。官邸位于伦敦唐宁街10号。
Memory tip: Think of a football team captain wearing an armband – the Prime Minister is like the captain of the ‘UK team’, selected after the public chooses which side to support.
记忆技巧：想象足球队长佩戴队长袖标——首相就像是 “英国球队” 的队长，在公众选择支持哪一方后被选出。
11. Referendum | 公投
A referendum is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is invited to answer a single question, usually ‘yes’ or ‘no’. In the UK, referendums are used to decide major constitutional issues, such as the 2016 vote on whether to remain in or leave the European Union. The result is not legally binding unless the law states it is, but governments normally honour the outcome.
公投是邀请全体选民就某一问题直接投票，通常只有 “是” 或 “否” 两个选项。在英国，公投用于决定重大宪法议题，例如2016年就是否留在欧盟进行的投票。除非法律明确规定，公投结果本身不具法律约束力，但政府通常会遵从选民的决定。
Memory tip: Spell it out as ‘refer to the people’ – a referendum literally means letting the people refer or decide on a big question.
记忆技巧：把 “referendum” 拆解为 “refer to the people”——公投的字面意思就是把重大议题交回给人民裁决。
12. Citizenship | 公民身份
Citizenship means being a recognised member of a country with legal rights and responsibilities. A citizen can vote, receive a passport and is protected by the state, but also has duties such as obeying the law and paying taxes. Active citizenship also involves participating in community life, volunteering, and staying informed about local and national issues.
公民身份意味着成为一个国家中被法律承认的成员，享有法律权利并承担责任。公民可以投票、领取护照并受到国家保护，同时也承担遵守法律、纳税等义务。积极公民还包括参与社区生活、志愿服务和随时关注地方与国家议题。
Memory tip: Think of a membership card for a club – citizenship is your ‘membership card’ in a country, granting you privileges in return for following the club rules.
记忆技巧：想象一张俱乐部会员卡——公民身份就是你在这个国家的 “会员卡”，在遵守俱乐部规则的前提下享有一系列特权。
Published by TutorHao | Politics Revision Series | aleveler.com
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