📚 Year 7 CCEA Spanish: Summer Preparation and Bridging Course | Year 7 CCEA 西班牙语:暑期预习与衔接课程
Welcome to your Year 7 CCEA Spanish bridging course! This resource is designed to give you a flying start before you enter the classroom, or to consolidate everything you have learned during the year. Spanish is one of the world’s most widely spoken languages, and by building a strong foundation now, you will gain confidence in listening, speaking, reading and writing. The CCEA curriculum for Year 7 introduces you to familiar topics such as greetings, numbers, colours, family, school and simple opinions. In this guide, we will revisit the key vocabulary, grammar and cultural points through bite-sized, bilingual explanations. Practise a little each day over the summer and you will feel prepared and excited for your Spanish lessons.
欢迎来到 Year 7 CCEA 西班牙语衔接课程!这份资料旨在帮助你在进入课堂之前领先一步,或者巩固这一年所学的全部内容。西班牙语是世界上使用最广泛的语言之一,现在打下扎实的基础,你将在听、说、读、写各方面建立信心。CCEA Year 7 的课程会带你认识问候语、数字、颜色、家庭、学校以及简单的观点表达等熟悉的话题。在本指南中,我们将通过短小精悍的双语讲解,重温关键词汇、语法和文化知识点。暑假里每天练习一点,你就会为西班牙语课做好充分准备,并充满期待。
1. The Spanish Alphabet and Sounds | 西班牙语字母与发音
The Spanish alphabet has 27 letters: the same 26 letters as English plus the letter ‘ñ’ (eñe). Knowing how each letter is pronounced will help you read new words confidently. Unlike English, Spanish vowels have only one sound each, which makes spelling much more predictable.
西班牙语字母表包含 27 个字母:与英语相同的 26 个字母,再加上 ‘ñ’ (eñe)。了解每个字母的发音能帮助你自信地朗读新单词。与英语不同,西班牙语元音每个字母只有一种读音,这让拼写规律更容易掌握。
Here are the vowels: a (like ‘a’ in ‘father’), e (like ‘e’ in ‘bed’), i (like ‘ee’ in ‘see’), o (like ‘o’ in ‘hot’), u (like ‘oo’ in ‘food’). Consonants such as ‘h’ are always silent (hola is pronounced ‘ola’), ‘j’ sounds like a strong English ‘h’, and ‘ll’ is often pronounced like ‘y’ in ‘yes’. The letter ‘ñ’ appears in words like ‘España’ and is pronounced like ‘ny’ in ‘canyon’.
元音发音如下:a(类似英语 ‘father’ 中的 ‘a’),e(类似 ‘bed’ 中的 ‘e’),i(类似 ‘see’ 中的 ‘ee’),o(类似 ‘hot’ 中的 ‘o’),u(类似 ‘food’ 中的 ‘oo’)。辅音方面,’h’ 总是不发音(hola 读作 ‘ola’),’j’ 发类似英语中强有力的 ‘h’ 音,’ll’ 通常像 ‘yes’ 中的 ‘y’ 发音。字母 ‘ñ’ 出现在 ‘España’ 这样的单词中,发音类似 ‘canyon’ 中的 ‘ny’。
2. Greetings and Farewells | 问候与告别
Greetings are the first thing you learn in any language. In Spanish, the greeting you choose depends on the time of day and how formal you need to be. Start with the most common ones: ‘Hola’ (Hello), ‘Buenos días’ (Good morning), ‘Buenas tardes’ (Good afternoon) and ‘Buenas noches’ (Good evening/night).
问候语是你学习任何语言时最先接触的内容。在西班牙语中,你选择的问候语取决于时间以及正式程度。从最常见的开始学起:’Hola’(你好)、’Buenos días’(早上好)、’Buenas tardes’(下午好)和 ‘Buenas noches’(晚上好/晚安)。
When you say goodbye, you can use ‘Adiós’ (Goodbye), ‘Hasta luego’ (See you later), ‘Hasta mañana’ (See you tomorrow) or the very friendly ‘Nos vemos’ (See you). Remember that in Spanish-speaking countries, people often greet each other with a kiss on the cheek or a handshake, depending on the country and the relationship.
告别时,你可以用 ‘Adiós’(再见)、’Hasta luego’(回头见)、’Hasta mañana’(明天见),或者非常友好的 ‘Nos vemos’(再见)。要记住,在西班牙语国家,人们常以贴面礼或握手相互问候,具体方式取决于国家和彼此关系。
3. Introducing Yourself and Others | 自我介绍与介绍他人
After greeting someone, the next step is to introduce yourself. The key questions and answers here are: ‘¿Cómo te llamas?’ (What is your name?) and ‘Me llamo…’ (My name is…). You can also ask ‘¿Y tú?’ (And you?) to keep the conversation going.
问候之后,下一步就是自我介绍。这里的关键问句和答句是:’¿Cómo te llamas?’(你叫什么名字?)以及 ‘Me llamo…’(我叫……)。你也可以用 ‘¿Y tú?’(你呢?)来让对话继续。
To talk about how you are feeling, use ‘¿Qué tal?’ or ‘¿Cómo estás?’ (How are you?). Possible replies include ‘Estoy bien’ (I’m fine), ‘Estoy mal’ (I’m not well), ‘Regular’ (So-so) and ‘Fenomenal’ (Great). When introducing someone else, say ‘Te presento a…’ (I introduce you to…) or ‘Este es… / Esta es…’ (This is… for a male/female). Always remember that adjectives like ‘encantado/a’ (pleased to meet you) change their ending to match your gender.
要表达自己的感受,可以使用 ‘¿Qué tal?’ 或 ‘¿Cómo estás?’(你好吗?)。可能的回答包括 ‘Estoy bien’(我很好)、’Estoy mal’(我不好)、’Regular’(一般般)和 ‘Fenomenal’(非常好)。介绍别人时,可以说 ‘Te presento a…’(我向你介绍……)或者 ‘Este es… / Esta es…’(这位是……,分别用于男性和女性)。要记住,像 ‘encantado/a’(很高兴认识你)这样的形容词,词尾要根据你的性别进行变化。
4. Numbers 1–31 and Ages | 数字 1 至 31 与年龄
Numbers are essential for giving your age, saying the date and telling the time. In Year 7, you will need to know at least numbers 1–31. Here is a quick list: 1 uno, 2 dos, 3 tres, 4 cuatro, 5 cinco, 6 seis, 7 siete, 8 ocho, 9 nueve, 10 diez, 11 once, 12 doce, 13 trece, 14 catorce, 15 quince, 16 dieciséis, 17 diecisiete, 18 dieciocho, 19 diecinueve, 20 veinte, 21 veintiuno, 22 veintidós, 23 veintitrés, 24 veinticuatro, 25 veinticinco, 26 veintiséis, 27 veintisiete, 28 veintiocho, 29 veintinueve, 30 treinta, 31 treinta y uno.
数字对于表达年龄、日期以及时间至关重要。在 Year 7 阶段,你至少需要掌握数字 1 到 31。以下是一个快速列表:1 uno,2 dos,3 tres,4 cuatro,5 cinco,6 seis,7 siete,8 ocho,9 nueve,10 diez,11 once,12 doce,13 trece,14 catorce,15 quince,16 dieciséis,17 diecisiete,18 dieciocho,19 diecinueve,20 veinte,21 veintiuno,22 veintidós,23 veintitrés,24 veinticuatro,25 veinticinco,26 veintiséis,27 veintisiete,28 veintiocho,29 veintinueve,30 treinta,31 treinta y uno。
To ask about age, use ‘¿Cuántos años tienes?’ (How old are you?). The answer is ‘Tengo … años’ (I am … years old). Notice that in Spanish you ‘have’ years rather than ‘being’ a certain age. When writing dates, you also need numbers, but we will explore that in a later section.
询问年龄时,使用 ‘¿Cuántos años tienes?’(你几岁?)。回答是 ‘Tengo … años’(我……岁)。注意,西班牙语中是用“有”多少年来表达年龄,而不是“是”某个年纪。书写日期时也需要用到数字,我们会在后面的小节中讲解。
5. Colours and Descriptions | 颜色与描述
Colours bring language alive and allow you to describe objects around you. The most common colours are: rojo (red), azul (blue), verde (green), amarillo (yellow), naranja (orange), rosa (pink), morado (purple), blanco (white), negro (black), gris (grey) and marrón (brown).
色彩能让语言变得鲜活,也让你能够描述周围的物品。最常见的颜色有:rojo(红色)、azul(蓝色)、verde(绿色)、amarillo(黄色)、naranja(橙色)、rosa(粉色)、morado(紫色)、blanco(白色)、negro(黑色)、gris(灰色)和 marrón(棕色)。
In Spanish, colours usually go after the noun they describe, and many colours change their ending to match the noun’s gender and number. For example, ‘un coche rojo’ (a red car – masculine singular) but ‘una casa roja’ (a red house – feminine singular) and ‘unas casas rojas’ (some red houses – feminine plural). Colours like azul and verde have special forms: azul becomes azules in the plural, while verde becomes verdes.
在西班牙语中,颜色通常放在所修饰名词的后面,并且很多颜色词会依据名词的性和数发生变化。例如,’un coche rojo’(一辆红色汽车,阳性单数),而 ‘una casa roja’(一栋红色房子,阴性单数),以及 ‘unas casas rojas’(几栋红色房子,阴性复数)。像 azul 和 verde 这样的颜色有特殊变化规则:azul 的复数形式是 azules,verde 的复数形式是 verdes。
6. Days, Months and the Date | 星期、月份与日期
To talk about your timetable and birthdays, learn the days and months. Days of the week are: lunes (Monday), martes (Tuesday), miércoles (Wednesday), jueves (Thursday), viernes (Friday), sábado (Saturday) and domingo (Sunday). Notice that they are not capitalised in Spanish, and the week often starts with lunes.
要谈论你的时间表和生日,就要学习星期和月份的表达。星期一到星期日是:lunes(星期一)、martes(星期二)、miércoles(星期三)、jueves(星期四)、viernes(星期五)、sábado(星期六)和 domingo(星期日)。注意,西班牙语中星期名称不大写,而且通常一周从 lunes 开始。
The months are: enero, febrero, marzo, abril, mayo, junio, julio, agosto, septiembre, octubre, noviembre, diciembre. To say the date, use ‘el’ plus the number plus ‘de’ plus the month: for example, ‘el 5 de mayo’. When asking for the date, say ‘¿Cuál es la fecha de hoy?’ and answer ‘Hoy es el 3 de abril’. To ask about someone’s birthday, use ‘¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?’ and reply ‘Mi cumpleaños es el 22 de junio’.
月份是:enero(一月)、febrero、marzo、abril、mayo、junio、julio、agosto、septiembre、octubre、noviembre、diciembre。表达日期时,用 ‘el’ 加数字再加 ‘de’ 加月份的形式,例如:’el 5 de mayo’(五月五日)。询问日期时,说 ‘¿Cuál es la fecha de hoy?’,回答 ‘Hoy es el 3 de abril’(今天是四月三日)。要问某人的生日,使用 ‘¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?’,并回答 ‘Mi cumpleaños es el 22 de junio’(我的生日是六月二十二日)。
7. Classroom Objects and Instructions | 教室物品与课堂指令
Your Spanish classroom will be full of objects that you need to name. Key vocabulary includes: un bolígrafo (a pen), un lápiz (a pencil), un cuaderno (an exercise book), un libro (a textbook), una mochila (a backpack), una regla (a ruler), una goma (a rubber), un estuche (a pencil case) and una pizarra (a whiteboard).
你的西班牙语教室会充满各种需要命名的物品。关键词汇包括:un bolígrafo(一支笔)、un lápiz(一支铅笔)、un cuaderno(一个练习本)、un libro(一本教科书)、una mochila(一个背包)、una regla(一把尺子)、una goma(一块橡皮)、un estuche(一个铅笔盒)以及 una pizarra(一块白板)。
Understanding classroom instructions will help you follow the lesson without needing English. Common phrases include: ‘Escuchad’ (Listen), ‘Repetid’ (Repeat), ‘Abrid el libro’ (Open the book), ‘Cerrad el cuaderno’ (Close the exercise book), ‘Levantad la mano’ (Raise your hand) and ‘Escribid’ (Write). The teacher may also say ‘Silencio, por favor’ (Quiet, please) and ‘¿Entendéis?’ (Do you understand?).
理解课堂指令能帮助你不用借助英语就能跟上课程。常见的指令包括:’Escuchad’(听)、’Repetid’(重复)、’Abrid el libro’(打开书)、’Cerrad el cuaderno’(合上练习本)、’Levantad la mano’(举手)和 ‘Escribid’(写)。老师还可能会说 ‘Silencio, por favor’(请安静)以及 ‘¿Entendéis?’(你们明白了吗?)。
8. My Family and Pets | 我的家人与宠物
Talking about your family is a topic you will revisit many times. The key family members are: madre/mamá (mother/mum), padre/papá (father/dad), hermano (brother), hermana (sister), abuelo (grandfather), abuela (grandmother), tío (uncle), tía (aunt), primo (male cousin) and prima (female cousin).
谈论家人是你会反复用到的话题。主要的家庭成员有:madre/mamá(妈妈)、padre/papá(爸爸)、hermano(兄弟)、hermana(姐妹)、abuelo(爷爷/外公)、abuela(奶奶/外婆)、tío(叔叔/舅舅)、tía(阿姨/姑姑)、primo(堂表兄弟)和 prima(堂表姐妹)。
To describe your family, combine the verb ‘tener’ (to have) with numbers and adjectives. For example, ‘Tengo dos hermanos’ (I have two brothers) or ‘No tengo hermanas’ (I don’t have any sisters). Pets also form part of the family: un perro (a dog), un gato (a cat), un pez (a fish), un conejo (a rabbit) and un pájaro (a bird). You can ask ‘¿Tienes animales en casa?’ (Do you have pets at home?) and reply ‘Sí, tengo un gato que se llama Luna’ (Yes, I have a cat called Luna).
要描述你的家庭,可以将动词 ‘tener’(有)与数字和形容词结合起来。例如,’Tengo dos hermanos’(我有两个兄弟)或 ‘No tengo hermanas’(我没有姐妹)。宠物也是家庭的一部分:un perro(一只狗)、un gato(一只猫)、un pez(一条鱼)、un conejo(一只兔子)和 un pájaro(一只鸟)。你可以问 ‘¿Tienes animales en casa?’(你家里有宠物吗?),然后回答 ‘Sí, tengo un gato que se llama Luna’(有,我有一只叫 Luna 的猫)。
9. Basic Verbs: ser, tener, estar | 基础动词:ser、tener、estar
Three verbs do a lot of heavy lifting in Spanish: ser (to be – permanent), tener (to have) and estar (to be – temporary/location). Mastering their present-tense forms early will allow you to build countless sentences.
有三个动词在西班牙语中承担着大量表达任务:ser(是,表示永久属性)、tener(有)和 estar(在/处于,表示暂时状态或位置)。尽早掌握它们的现在时形式,将帮助你构建无数句子。
Ser: yo soy, tú eres, él/ella/usted es, nosotros/as somos, vosotros/as sois, ellos/ellas/ustedes son. Use ser for identity (‘Soy estudiante’), origin (‘Somos de Inglaterra’) and permanent characteristics (‘Mi hermana es alta’). Tener: yo tengo, tú tienes, él/ella/usted tiene, nosotros tenemos, vosotros tenéis, ellos/ustedes tienen. It is used for possession and age. Estar: yo estoy, tú estás, él/ella/usted está, nosotros estamos, vosotros estáis, ellos/ustedes están. Use estar for location (‘Estoy en casa’) and temporary conditions (‘Está cansado’). A simple memory aid: ‘For how you feel and where you are, always use the verb estar.’
Ser:yo soy,tú eres,él/ella/usted es,nosotros/as somos,vosotros/as sois,ellos/ellas/ustedes son。ser 用于身份(’Soy estudiante’ 我是学生)、来源(’Somos de Inglaterra’ 我们来自英格兰)以及永久特征(’Mi hermana es alta’ 我姐姐很高)。Tener:yo tengo,tú tienes,él/ella/usted tiene,nosotros tenemos,vosotros tenéis,ellos/ustedes tienen。它用于表示拥有和年龄。Estar:yo estoy,tú estás,él/ella/usted está,nosotros estamos,vosotros estáis,ellos/ustedes están。estar 用于位置(’Estoy en casa’ 我在家)和暂时状态(’Está cansado’ 他累了)。一个简单的记忆口诀:“感觉如何、身在何处,永远要用 estar 这个动词。”
10. Likes and Dislikes (gustar) | 喜好与厌恶(gustar)
Expressing opinions makes you a real communicator. The most important opinion phrase in Year 7 Spanish is ‘me gusta’ (I like) and ‘no me gusta’ (I don’t like). Unlike English, the verb ‘gustar’ literally means ‘to be pleasing to’, so you say ‘Me gusta el chocolate’ (Chocolate is pleasing to me).
表达观点能让你成为一名真正的沟通者。Year 7 西班牙语中最重要的观点表述就是 ‘me gusta’(我喜欢)和 ‘no me gusta’(我不喜欢)。与英语不同,动词 ‘gustar’ 的字面意思是“令……喜欢”,所以你说 ‘Me gusta el chocolate’(巧克力令我喜欢,即我喜欢巧克力)。
When the thing you like is plural, use ‘me gustan’: ‘Me gustan los perros’ (I like dogs). You can also talk about liking activities by following ‘gusta’ with an infinitive verb: ‘Me gusta nadar’ (I like swimming/to swim), ‘Me gusta leer’ (I like reading). To ask someone’s opinion, use ‘¿Te gusta…?’ (Do you like…?). Reply with ‘Sí, me gusta mucho’ (Yes, I like it a lot) or ‘No, no me gusta nada’ (No, I don’t like it at all). Expanding your vocabulary with ‘Me encanta’ (I love) and ‘Odio’ (I hate) adds extra range.
当喜欢的事物是复数时,使用 ‘me gustan’:’Me gustan los perros’(我喜欢狗)。你也可以通过在 ‘gusta’ 后面接动词不定式来表达喜欢做某事:’Me gusta nadar’(我喜欢游泳)、’Me gusta leer’(我喜欢阅读)。询问某人的看法时,用 ‘¿Te gusta…?’(你喜欢……吗?)。回答可以是 ‘Sí, me gusta mucho’(是的,我很喜欢)或者 ‘No, no me gusta nada’(不,我一点也不喜欢)。扩充使用 ‘Me encanta’(我超爱)和 ‘Odio’(我讨厌)会让你的表达更丰富。
11. Asking and Answering Questions | 提问与回答
Asking questions is the key to keeping a conversation alive. Spanish question words all carry an accent mark: ¿Qué? (What?), ¿Cómo? (How?), ¿Cuándo? (When?), ¿Dónde? (Where?), ¿Quién? (Who?), ¿Por qué? (Why?) and ¿Cuántos/as? (How many?). Notice that Spanish uses an upside-down question mark at the start of a question.
提问是让对话延续下去的关键。西班牙语疑问词全都带有重音符号:¿Qué?(什么?)、¿Cómo?(怎么?)、¿Cuándo?(什么时候?)、¿Dónde?(哪里?)、¿Quién?(谁?)、¿Por qué?(为什么?)和 ¿Cuántos/as?(多少?)。注意,西班牙语在问句开头会使用倒置的问号。
Simple question-and-answer patterns include: ‘¿Cómo te llamas?’ – ‘Me llamo Carlos.’ ‘¿Dónde vives?’ – ‘Vivo en Belfast.’ ‘¿Cuántos años tienes?’ – ‘Tengo once años.’ You can also create yes/no questions by raising your intonation: ‘¿Tienes hermanos?’ (Do you have siblings?). Practise making questions out of statements; for example, ‘Te gusta la música’ becomes ‘¿Te gusta la música?’ (Do you like music?).
简单的问答模式包括:’¿Cómo te llamas?’ – ‘Me llamo Carlos.’ ‘¿Dónde vives?’ – ‘Vivo en Belfast.’ ‘¿Cuántos años tienes?’ – ‘Tengo once años.’ 你也可以通过提高语调来构造是非问句:’¿Tienes hermanos?’(你有兄弟姐妹吗?)。练习将陈述句改成问句;例如,’Te gusta la música’ 变成 ‘¿Te gusta la música?’(你喜欢音乐吗?)。
12. Putting It All Together: Simple Conversations | 综合运用:简单对话
Now you can combine everything you have learned into short, real-life conversations. Imagine meeting a Spanish-speaking friend for the first time. A typical exchange might look like this:
现在你可以把所学的一切整合到简短的现实对话中。设想一下第一次与一位说西班牙语的朋友见面。一段典型的对话可能是这样的:
A: ¡Hola! ¿Qué tal?
B: ¡Hola! Estoy bien, ¿y tú?
A: Fenomenal. Me llamo Alex. ¿Cómo te llamas?
B: Me llamo Lucía. Mucho gusto.
A: Encantado. ¿Cuántos años tienes?
B: Tengo doce años. ¿Y tú?
A: Yo también tengo doce. ¿Tienes hermanos?
B: Sí, tengo un hermano y una hermana. ¿Te gusta el fútbol?
A: Sí, me encanta. ¿Y a ti?
B: No me gusta nada. Prefiero la música. ¡Hasta luego!
A: ¡Adiós!
A: 嗨!你好吗?
B: 嗨!我很好,你呢?
A: 非常好。我叫 Alex。你叫什么名字?
B: 我叫 Lucía。很高兴认识你。
A: 幸会。你几岁了?
B: 我十二岁。你呢?
A: 我也十二岁。你有兄弟姐妹吗?
B: 有,我有一个哥哥和一个姐姐。你喜欢足球吗?
A: 喜欢,我超爱。你呢?
B: 我一点也不喜欢。我更喜欢音乐。回头见!
A: 再见!
Notice how the conversation flows naturally by reusing greetings, introductions, ages, family and opinions. Practise similar dialogues aloud, swapping in your own details. Over the summer, challenge yourself to record a short voice message or write a mini-dialogue in your notebook. This will sharpen your pronunciation and build your confidence for Year 7 Spanish.
请注意对话如何通过重复使用问候语、自我介绍、年龄、家庭和观点表达而自然展开。请大声练习类似的对话,替换成你自己的信息。整个暑假里,挑战自己录制一段简短的语音信息或在笔记本上写一段小对话。这将改善你的发音,并为你 Year 7 的西班牙语学习建立信心。
Published by TutorHao | Spanish Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022(同微信)
屏轩国际教育cambridge primary/secondary checkpoint, cat4, ukiset,ukcat,igcse,alevel,PAT,STEP,MAT, ibdp,ap,ssat,sat,sat2课程辅导,国外大学本科硕士研究生博士课程论文辅导Cancel reply