📚 Year 7 CIE English: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick-Fix Guide | Year 7 CIE 英语：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to your ultimate quick-fix guide for mastering vocabulary and terminology in Year 7 CIE English. This guide breaks down tricky language terms into bite-sized, memorable chunks. Use the memory tricks, examples, and quick checks to speed up your revision and build confidence for your exams.
欢迎使用这份 Year 7 CIE 英语词汇术语速记终极指南。本指南将难懂的语言术语拆解成容易记忆的小块。利用记忆技巧、示例和快速检查，加速你的复习，为考试建立信心。
1. The Eight Parts of Speech | 八大词类
Every word in English belongs to a category called a part of speech. Knowing these helps you understand how words work. The eight parts are nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. A quick memory trick: think of the sentence ‘I am a happy person, and I run quickly!’ It contains a pronoun, verb, article, adjective, noun, conjunction, pronoun, verb, adverb — hitting almost all of them.
英语中的每个单词都属于一种词类。了解它们有助于你理解单词的作用。八大词类分别是名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词和感叹词。一个快速的记忆法是：想想这个句子 ‘我是一个快乐的人，而且我跑得很快！’ 它包含了代词、动词、冠词、形容词、名词、连词、代词、动词、副词——几乎涵盖了所有词类。
When you are unsure, substitute the word into a simple sentence. If the word tells you what something is, it is likely a noun; if it shows action or state, it is a verb. Interjections like ‘Wow!’ stand alone and show strong emotion. Prepositions like ‘under’ or ‘between’ link a noun to another word.
当你拿不准时，把这个词带入一个简单的句子中。如果它说明某物是什么，那它很可能是名词；如果它表示动作或状态，那就是动词。像 ‘Wow!’ 这样的感叹词单独出现并表达强烈情感。像 ‘under’ 或 ‘between’ 这样的介词将名词与另一个词连接起来。
2. Nouns: Concrete, Abstract, and Proper | 名词：具体、抽象与专有
Concrete nouns name things you can touch or see: apple, desk, cloud. Abstract nouns name ideas, feelings, or qualities you cannot touch: courage, time, friendship. Proper nouns are specific names and always start with a capital letter: Shakespeare, Tuesday, Paris. Remember the acronym CAP: Concrete, Abstract, Proper.
具体名词指你可以触摸或看到的东西：苹果、书桌、云。抽象名词指你触摸不到的想法、感觉或品质：勇气、时间、友谊。专有名词是特定的名称，首字母始终大写：莎士比亚、星期二、巴黎。记住首字母缩写 CAP：Concrete（具体）、Abstract（抽象）、Proper（专有）。
A useful exam skill is to spot noun endings. Many abstract nouns end in -ness (sadness), -ity (curiosity), or -tion (celebration). When you see a capital letter in the middle of a sentence, it often signals a proper noun — underline it immediately to show the examiner you have identified it.
一个有用的应试技巧是发现名词词尾。许多抽象名词以 -ness（sadness）、-ity（curiosity）或 -tion（celebration）结尾。当你在句中看到大写的单词，这通常标志着一个专有名词——立刻在它下面画线，向考官表明你已识别出来。
3. Verbs: Action, Linking, and Helping | 动词：行为、连系与助动词
Action verbs express physical or mental actions: jump, think, create. Linking verbs connect the subject to a word that describes it: ‘He is tall.’ The most common linking verbs are forms of ‘to be’ (am, is, are, was, were) and words like ‘seem’, ‘become’, ‘appear’. Helping verbs (auxiliary verbs) assist the main verb: ‘She can swim.’ In this sentence, ‘can’ helps ‘swim’.
行为动词表示身体或思维的动作：跳、思考、创造。连系动词将主语与描述它的词连接起来：’他很高。’ 最常见的连系动词是 ‘to be’ 的各种形式（am, is, are, was, were）以及像 ‘seem’、’become’、’appear’ 这样的词。助动词辅助主要动词：’她会游泳。’ 在这个句子中，’会’ 帮助 ‘游泳’。
If you see a group of verbs like ‘might have been working’, identify the main action first — that is ‘working’ — and label the rest as helping verbs. Ask yourself: can this verb stand alone as the main action? If not, it is helping. This simple test will save you time in grammar exercises.
如果你看到像 ‘might have been working’ 这样的一组动词，先找出主要动作——那是 ‘working’——然后把其余的标记为助动词。问自己：这个动词能作为主要动作独立出现吗？如果不能，它就是助动词。这个简单的检验法将在语法练习中为你节省时间。
4. Adjectives and Adverbs: Adding Colour and Detail | 形容词与副词：增添色彩与细节
Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns: a bright star. Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs and often tell how, when, where, or to what extent: she sang beautifully. Many adverbs end in -ly, but not all. Friendly, lonely, and lovely are adjectives. Test whether a word is an adjective or adverb by checking what it modifies.
形容词修饰名词和代词：一颗明亮的星星。副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，通常说明方式、时间、地点或程度：她唱得很美。许多副词以 -ly 结尾，但并非全部如此。Friendly、lonely 和 lovely 都是形容词。检验一个词是形容词还是副词，要看它修饰的是什么。
In your own writing, powerful adjectives and adverbs create vivid images. Instead of ‘a big house’, try ‘an enormous, crumbling mansion’. When analysing texts, circle all the adjectives and adverbs in a paragraph and ask what they add. Do they create a peaceful mood or a tense one?
在你自己的写作中，有力的形容词和副词能创造出生动的画面。与其写 ‘一座大房子’，不如试试 ‘一座巨大、破败的宅邸’。分析文本时，圈出一个段落中的所有形容词和副词，并思考它们增添了何种效果。它们是营造了平和的氛围还是紧张的情绪？
5. Figurative Language: Simile, Metaphor, and Personification | 修辞语言：明喻、暗喻与拟人
A simile compares two things using the words ‘like’ or ‘as’: ‘Her smile was like sunshine.’ A metaphor states that one thing is another: ‘Time is a thief.’ Personification gives human qualities to non-human things: ‘The stars danced in the sky.’ A simple way to remember: Simile uses Signal words (like, as); Metaphor Makes a direct claim; Personification Pretends an object is a person.
明喻使用 ‘like’ 或 ‘as’ 将两件事物进行比较：’她的微笑就像阳光。’ 暗喻直接说一件事物是另一件事物：’时间是个贼。’ 拟人将人的特性赋予非人的事物：’星星在天空中跳舞。’ 一个简单的记忆方法：明喻（Simile）使用信号词（Signal words）；暗喻（Metaphor）直接宣称（Makes a direct claim）；拟人（Personification）假装物体是人（Pretends it is a person）。
When you answer a question about imagery, first name the device, then quote the exact words, and finally explain the effect. For example, ‘The poet uses the metaphor “the classroom was a zoo” to suggest that it was noisy, chaotic, and full of wild energy.’ Always link the image to the overall mood or theme.
当你回答关于意象的问题时，首先说出所用修辞手法，然后引用原文中的确切字词，最后解释其效果。例如，’诗人使用了暗喻 “教室是个动物园”，暗示教室吵闹、混乱、充满野性的能量。’ 始终将图像与整体氛围或主题联系起来。
6. Sound Devices: Alliteration, Onomatopoeia, and Rhyme | 语音修辞：头韵、拟声与押韵
Alliteration is the repetition of the same initial consonant sound: ‘slippery silver snakes’. Notice it is the sound, not necessarily the letter — ‘city’ and ‘seal’ do not alliterate because the ‘c’ and ‘s’ sounds differ. Onomatopoeia uses words that imitate natural sounds: ‘hiss’, ‘clang’, ‘whisper’. Rhyme is the correspondence of ending sounds, often found at the end of lines in poetry.
头韵是重复相同的开首辅音音素：’slippery silver snakes’。注意是语音，而不一定是字母——’city’ 和 ‘seal’ 并不构成头韵，因为 ‘c’ 音和 ‘s’ 音不同。拟声词使用模仿自然声音的词语：’嘶嘶’、’叮当’、’低语’。押韵是结尾音素的对应，常见于诗歌行尾。
To analyse a poem’s sound, read it aloud. Underline alliterative phrases and note the feeling they create — soft ‘s’ sounds often feel calm or sinister, hard ‘k’ sounds can feel sharp or aggressive. When labelling a rhyme scheme, assign the letter ‘a’ to the first end sound, ‘b’ to the next new sound, and so on. A poem with an ABAB rhyme scheme alternates sounds.
要分析诗歌的语音效果，大声朗读。在头韵短语下划线并注意它们所营造的感觉——柔和的 ‘s’ 音通常让人感到平静或险恶，坚硬的 ‘k’ 音可能让人感到尖锐或具有攻击性。标记押韵格式时，给第一个结尾音分配字母 ‘a’，给下一个新音分配 ‘b’，依此类推。一首 ABAB 押韵格式的诗歌，声音交替出现。
7. Sentence Types: Simple, Compound, and Complex | 句子类型：简单句、并列句与复杂句
A simple sentence contains one independent clause: ‘The sun set.’ A compound sentence joins two independent clauses with a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so — FANBOYS): ‘The sun set, and the sky turned pink.’ A complex sentence combines an independent clause with a dependent clause introduced by a subordinating conjunction (because, although, when, if): ‘Because the sun set, the sky turned pink.’
简单句包含一个独立分句：’太阳落山了。’ 并列句用并列连词（for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so——记作 FANBOYS）连接两个独立分句：’太阳落山了，天空变成了粉红色。’ 复杂句将一个独立分句与一个由从属连词（because, although, when, if）引导的从属分句组合在一起：’因为太阳落山了，天空变成了粉红色。’
Use the ‘split test’: if you can break the sentence into two complete sentences with a full stop, it is compound. If one part cannot stand alone as a sentence, it is complex. Varying sentence types makes your writing more engaging. Use a short simple sentence for impact after a longer complex one.
使用 ‘拆分测试’：如果你能用句号把句子拆成两个完整的句子，它就是并列句。如果某一部分不能作为独立的句子存在，那就是复杂句。变换句子类型能让你的写作更吸引人。在较长的复杂句之后，使用一个简短的简单句来制造冲击力。
8. Narrative Perspective: First, Second, and Third Person | 叙述视角：第一、第二与第三人称
First-person narrative uses ‘I’ or ‘we’ and gives us direct access to the narrator’s thoughts and feelings: ‘I could not believe my eyes.’ Second-person narrative uses ‘you’ to address the reader directly, common in instructional writing: ‘You will need a pencil.’ Third-person narrative uses ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, or ‘they’: ‘She walked slowly home.’ Third-person limited reveals one character’s thoughts; third-person omniscient knows all characters’ thoughts.
第一人称叙述使用 ‘我’ 或 ‘我们’，让我们直接了解叙述者的想法和感受：’我简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。’ 第二人称叙述使用 ‘你’ 直接与读者对话，常用于指导性写作：’你需要一支铅笔。’ 第三人称叙述使用 ‘他’、’她’、’它’ 或 ‘他们’：’她慢慢地走回家。’ 第三人称有限视角只揭示一个角色的想法；第三人称全知视角知道所有角色的想法。
On your exam paper, circle all the personal pronouns in a passage. If most are ‘I’ and ‘me’, it is first person. If the writing addresses the reader as ‘you’, it is second person. Then ask: does the narrator see into one mind or many? This pinpoints the perspective precisely and helps you score higher on analysis questions.
在试卷上，圈出段落中所有的人称代词。如果大多数是 ‘I’ 和 ‘me’，那就是第一人称。如果写作中称呼读者为 ‘you’，那就是第二人称。然后问：叙述者能看到一个人的内心还是多人的内心？这能精确定位视角，帮助你在分析题上获得更高分数。
9. Prefixes and Suffixes: Unlocking Word Meanings | 前缀与后缀：解锁词义
Prefixes are added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning: ‘un-‘ means not (unhappy), ‘pre-‘ means before (preview), ‘re-‘ means again (return). Suffixes are added to the end of a word: ‘-ful’ means full of (joyful), ‘-less’ means without (fearless), ‘-er’ means one who (teacher). Learning the ten most common prefixes and suffixes
Published by TutorHao | Year 7 English Revision Series | aleveler.com
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