📚 Year 7 CIE Philosophy: Summer Preparation and Bridging Course | Year 7 CIE 哲学：暑期预习与衔接课程
Starting Year 7 is an exciting milestone, and studying philosophy for the first time opens up a world of wonder and critical thinking. The CIE Lower Secondary Philosophy course introduces students to fundamental questions about reality, knowledge, and ethics, encouraging them to think independently and reason clearly. This summer preparation guide will help you ease into philosophical thinking, build essential skills, and feel confident before your first lesson.
进入七年级是一个令人兴奋的里程碑，第一次学习哲学为你打开了一个充满好奇与批判性思维的世界。CIE 初中哲学课程将向学生介绍关于实在、知识和伦理的基本问题，鼓励他们独立思考并进行清晰的推理。这份暑期预习指南将帮助你轻松进入哲学思维，培养关键技能，并在第一堂课之前充满信心。
1. What is Philosophy? | 什么是哲学？
Philosophy is not about memorising facts or finding one absolute answer. It is the activity of asking deep questions about life, the universe, and our place in it. The word ‘philosophy’ comes from ancient Greek and means ‘love of wisdom’. Philosophers try to understand ideas like truth, justice, existence, and knowledge by thinking carefully and discussing with others.
哲学不是记忆事实或寻找一个绝对的答案。它是一种对生命、宇宙和我们在其中位置提出深刻问题的活动。“哲学”这个词源自古希腊语，意为“爱智慧”。哲学家尝试通过仔细思考和与他人讨论来理解诸如真理、正义、存在和知识等概念。
When you do philosophy, you do not just accept what you are told. You learn to ask ‘Why?’ and ‘What do you mean?’. You examine reasons, challenge assumptions, and explore different viewpoints. This makes philosophy a very active and creative subject, perfect for curious minds.
当你进行哲学思考时，你不会只是接受别人告诉你的东西。你学会问“为什么？”以及“你是什么意思？”。你审视理由、质疑假设并探索不同的观点。这使得哲学成为一门非常活跃和富有创造性的学科，非常适合充满好奇心的人。
2. Why Study Philosophy? | 你为什么应该学习哲学？
Studying philosophy at Year 7 level helps you develop skills that are useful in all your other subjects and in everyday life. You learn to think critically, which means analysing ideas rather than simply believing them. You also learn to build clear arguments and spot weak reasoning, which helps in writing essays, solving problems, and making good decisions.
在七年级阶段学习哲学能帮助你培养在其它所有学科和日常生活中都有用的技能。你学会批判性思考，这意味着分析观点而不是简单相信。你还学会构建清晰的论证并发现薄弱的推理，这有助于撰写文章、解决问题和做出好的决定。
Philosophy also teaches you to listen to different opinions respectfully. It encourages open-mindedness and empathy because you discover that many questions have more than one reasonable answer. This is especially important in a world where people often disagree. By studying philosophy, you become a more thoughtful and understanding person.
哲学还教你如何尊重地倾听不同意见。它鼓励开放的心态和同理心，因为你发现许多问题都可能有不止一个合理的答案。在人们经常意见不一的世界里，这一点尤其重要。通过学习哲学，你成为一个更会思考、更善解人意的人。
3. Big Questions in Philosophy | 哲学中的大问题
Philosophy deals with big, open-ended questions that have puzzled humans for centuries. For example: ‘What is real?’, ‘How do we know what we know?’, ‘What makes an action right or wrong?’, and ‘What is the meaning of life?’. These questions do not have simple answers, but trying to answer them is what makes philosophy exciting.
哲学处理那些数百年来困扰人类的宏大、开放式问题。例如：“什么是真实的？”、“我们如何知道我们所知道的？”、“什么使一个行为对或错？”以及“生命的意义是什么？”。这些问题没有简单的答案，但尝试回答它们正是哲学令人兴奋之处。
In your CIE lessons, you will break such big questions into smaller, more manageable parts. You might discuss whether the world exists independently of our minds, or whether beauty is only a matter of personal taste. Asking good questions is often more important than finding final answers, because it keeps the conversation going and sharpens your thinking.
在你的 CIE 课堂上，你会把这些大问题分解成更小、更容易处理的部分。你可能会讨论世界是否独立于我们的心灵而存在，或者美是否只是个人品味的问题。提出好的问题往往比找到最终答案更重要，因为它能让对话继续下去，并让你的思维更加敏锐。
4. Epistemology: How Do We Know Things? | 认识论：我们如何知道事物？
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that asks how we gain knowledge and whether we can trust our senses. Think about this: when you see a red apple, are you sure it is red? What if everyone else calls it green? Philosophers wonder how much we truly know through sight, hearing, touch, and reason alone.
认识论是哲学的一个分支，它探究我们如何获得知识以及我们能否信任自己的感官。想一想：当你看到一个红苹果时，你确定它是红色的吗？如果其他人都说它是绿色的呢？哲学家想知道我们仅仅通过视觉、听觉、触觉和理性究竟能真正知道多少。
A key idea in epistemology is the difference between belief and knowledge. You might believe something very strongly, but that does not make it knowledge. Knowledge usually requires good evidence and justification. In class, you might explore simple thought experiments about dreams or illusions to see how our senses can sometimes trick us.
认识论中的一个关键概念是信念与知识之间的区别。你可能非常强烈地相信某事，但这并不能使它成为知识。知识通常需要好的证据和理据。在课堂上，你可能会探索关于梦境或幻觉的简单思想实验，以了解我们的感官有时如何欺骗我们。
5. Ethics: Thinking About Right and Wrong | 伦理学：对与错的思考
Ethics, or moral philosophy, asks how we should live and treat others. You will look at questions like: ‘Is it ever okay to lie?’, ‘What does it mean to be fair?’, and ‘Do we have a duty to help people in need?’. These questions are not just theoretical — they appear whenever we make choices that affect other people.
伦理学，或称道德哲学，询问我们应该如何生活以及如何对待他人。你会看到这样的问题：“说谎是否总是错误的？”、“公平意味着什么？”以及“我们有义务帮助需要帮助的人吗？”。这些问题不仅仅是理论性的——每当我们做出影响他人的选择时，它们就会出现。
In CIE Lower Secondary Philosophy, you will be introduced to simple ethical theories. For example, some people think an action is right if it brings more happiness than unhappiness. Others believe some actions are simply right or wrong in themselves, regardless of consequences. Exploring everyday dilemmas will help you form your own well-reasoned views.
在 CIE 初中哲学课程中，你会接触到简单的伦理理论。例如，有些人认为如果一个行为带来的快乐多于不快乐，它就是对的。另一些人则认为某些行为本身就是对或错的，与后果无关。探索日常的道德困境将帮助你形成自己有充分理由的观点。
6. Metaphysics: The Nature of Reality | 形而上学：现实的本质
Metaphysics investigates the fundamental nature of reality. It deals with questions such as: ‘What is time?’, ‘Do we have free will?’, and ‘What does it mean for something to exist?’. While these questions might sound abstract, they are connected to how we understand the world and ourselves.
形而上学探究现实的基本本质。它处理诸如“什么是时间？”、“我们有自由意志吗？”以及“某物存在意味着什么？”等问题。虽然这些问题听起来可能很抽象，但它们与我们对世界和自身的理解息息相关。
A fun way to begin thinking metaphysically is to ask whether numbers exist in the same way chairs and tables do. You cannot touch the number 5, but you use it all the time. Is it just a useful idea, or does it have a real, mind-independent existence? Your Year 7 course will turn these puzzles into lively discussions.
开始形而上学思考的一个有趣方式是问数字是否像椅子和桌子一样存在。你无法触摸数字5，但你一直在使用它。它只是一个有用的想法，还是具有真实的、不依赖于心灵的存在？你的七年级课程将把这些谜题转化为生动的讨论。
7. Logic Basics: How to Reason Correctly | 逻辑入门：如何正确推理
Logic is the tool philosophers use to build sound arguments. An argument in philosophy is not a shouting match; it is a set of reasons (premises) that support a conclusion. For example: ‘All humans are mortal. Socrates is a human. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.’ This is a simple valid argument form.
逻辑是哲学家用来构建可靠论证的工具。在哲学中，一个论证不是一次争吵；它是一组支持结论的理由（前提）。例如：“所有人都会死。苏格拉底是人。因此，苏格拉底会死。”这是一个简单有效的论证形式。
You will learn to identify when an argument is weak or strong. Strong arguments have true premises and follow logical rules; weak ones often rely on emotional appeals or circular reasoning. Recognising these patterns not only helps in philosophy but also makes you better at evaluating adverts, news, and everyday persuasion.
你将学会识别一个论证是弱还是强。强论证具有真实的前提并遵循逻辑规则；弱论证往往依赖于情感诉求或循环推理。识别这些模式不仅在哲学中有帮助，还能让你更好地评估广告、新闻和日常的说服行为。
8. Thought Experiments: Exploring Ideas with Imagination | 思想实验：用想象探索问题
Thought experiments are imaginary scenarios that philosophers use to test ideas and challenge our intuitions. You might be asked to imagine a ship whose planks are gradually replaced until none of the original material remains. Is it still the same ship? This is the Ship of Theseus puzzle, and it makes us think about identity and change.
思想实验是哲学家用来检验想法并挑战我们直觉的想象场景。你可能会被要求想象一艘船的木板被逐渐更换，直到原来的材料一块不剩。它还是同一艘船吗？这就是忒修斯之船的谜题，它让我们思考同一性和变化。
Another famous thought experiment is the ‘trolley problem’, where you must decide whether to sacrifice one person to save five. These stories are not meant to have easy answers; they are designed to reveal what we value and how we make moral decisions. Getting comfortable with thought experiments is excellent preparation for your course.
另一个著名的思想实验是“电车难题”，你必须决定是否牺牲一个人来拯救五个人。这些故事并非为了提供简单的答案；它们旨在揭示我们珍视什么以及我们如何做出道德决定。熟悉思想实验是为你的课程做好准备的绝佳方式。
9. How to Have a Philosophical Discussion | 如何进行哲学讨论
Philosophy thrives on respectful conversation. A good philosophical discussion means listening carefully, asking for clarification, and responding to ideas rather than attacking people. You should try to understand someone else’s point of view even if you disagree, and explain why you think differently with clear reasons.
哲学在尊重的对话中蓬勃发展。一次好的哲学讨论意味着仔细倾听、要求澄清，并回应想法而非攻击人。即使你不同意，也应尝试理解他人的观点，并用清晰的理由解释你为什么有不同的想法。
During your CIE lessons, you will often sit in a circle and explore questions together. Your teacher will encourage you to use phrases like ‘I wonder if…’, ‘Could it be that…’, and ‘One reason I think this is…’. This builds a safe space where everyone can express ideas without fear of being wrong. Practising this kind of talk at home or with friends over the summer is a great way to prepare.
在你的 CIE 课堂上，你们经常会围坐成一圈，共同探索问题。你的老师会鼓励你使用诸如“我想知道是否…”、“是否可能…”、“我这样想的一个理由是…”等表达。这能营造一个安全的空间，让每个人都能表达想法而不必害怕犯错。在暑假期间与家人或朋友练习这种对话是很好的准备方式。
10. Summer Activities to Try | 暑期活动建议
You can start doing philosophy right now, without any special equipment. Keep a ‘philosophy notebook’ and write down one interesting question each day. It might be: ‘Can animals think?’, ‘What makes a friend a true friend?’, or ‘Why do we dream?’. Then jot down a few possible answers and your reasons.
你现在就可以开始做哲学，无需任何特殊装备。准备一本“哲学笔记本”，每天写下一个有趣的问题。可以是：“动物会思考吗？”、“什么让朋友成为真正的朋友？”或“我们为什么做梦？”。然后草草写下几个可能的答案和你的理由。
Try the ‘Why?’ game with your family. Pick any statement, like ‘I should do my homework’, and ask ‘Why?’ to every answer you get. You will quickly discover that many everyday rules rest on deeper beliefs about responsibility, happiness, and fairness. This simple game trains your brain to look for underlying reasons, which is exactly what philosophy requires.
和家人一起试试“为什么？”游戏。选取任何一个陈述，比如“我应该做作业”，然后对得到的每个回答问“为什么？”。你很快会发现，许多日常规则都建立在关于责任、快乐和公平的更深层次的信念之上。这个简单的游戏能训练你的大脑寻找底层原因，这正是哲学所需要的。
11. Recommended Summer Books and Resources | 推荐的暑期书单和资源
Reading stories that introduce philosophical ideas is a wonderful way to prepare. For Year 7 students, ‘Sophie’s World: A Graphic Novel About the History of Philosophy’ offers an engaging entry point. ‘Philosophy for Kids: 40 Fun Questions That Help You Wonder About Everything!’ by David White is also highly recommended, with short, accessible chapters and questions to discuss.
阅读那些引入哲学思想的故事书是一种很好的准备方式。对于七年级的学生，《苏菲的世界：一部关于哲学史的图像小说》提供了一个引人入胜的切入点。大卫·怀特所著的《写给孩子的哲学启蒙书：40个有趣问题帮助你思考一切！》也强烈推荐，它的章节简短易懂，并附有供讨论的问题。
Free online resources can also be helpful. The BBC Bitesize philosophy section for KS3 explains key ideas with videos and quizzes. Watching age-appropriate documentaries about great thinkers or storytelling podcasts that pose big questions can spark your interest without feeling like extra schoolwork. Always talk about what you read and watch with an adult or friend to deepen your understanding.
免费的在线资源也很有用。BBC Bitesize 的 KS3 哲学板块通过视频和测验解释关键概念。观看适合年龄的关于伟大思想家的纪录片，或提出宏大问题的叙事播客，可以激发你的兴趣而不感觉像是额外的作业。始终与成人或朋友讨论你读到和看到的内容，以加深理解。
12. The Bridging Course and Looking Ahead | 衔接课程与展望
A summer bridging course is designed to close the gap between primary school learning and the demands of CIE Lower Secondary Philosophy. It will introduce you to the kind of texts, discussions, and written tasks you will encounter in Year 7. You will practise forming and expressing your own opinions clearly and respectfully, receive feedback, and build confidence.
暑期衔接课程旨在弥合小学学习与 CIE 初中哲学要求之间的差距。它将向你介绍你在七年级将会遇到的文本类型、讨论形式及书面任务。你将练习清晰而尊重地形成并表达自己的观点，接受反馈，并建立信心。
Starting philosophy is not about knowing loads of theories; it is about being willing to wonder, to question, and to think for yourself. Every lesson will be an adventure in exploring ideas. With a little preparation this summer, you will be ready to enjoy the journey and get the most out of your philosophy course. Remember, the only silly question in philosophy is the one you did not dare to ask.
开始学习哲学不在于知道多少理论；而在于愿意去好奇、去质疑并独立思考。每一堂课都将是一次探索思想的冒险。通过这个暑期的一点准备，你将准备好享受这段旅程，并从哲学课程中获得最大收获。记住，在哲学中，唯一愚蠢的问题是你不敢问的那个问题。
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